Prevalence and pathophysiology of early dumping in patients after primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass during a mixed-meal tolerance test

Background

Early dumping is a poorly defined and incompletely understood complication after Roux-en-Y gastric (RYGB).

Health experiences and employment status in subjects with chronic back pain: a long-term perspective.

The purpose of this study was to describe health experiences, focused on gender and return to work, in subjects with chronic low back pain in a long-term perspective. The convenient sample consisted of 12 subjects who had attended a pain rehabilitation program 6 years earlier. Typed interviews were transcribed, and a content analysis approach was used. Five categories were found: coping, root causes, control/influence, pain, and sleep. The interviews showed that the subjects expressed well-being, although pain had become part of their daily life. However, both gender and well-being group differences were identified. The women and the group with reduced well-being used the root causes category in a higher degree than the men and the well-being group did. The conclusion is that there are differences according to both gender and return to work within the subjects with chronic pain and that these differences are related to both root causes and coping pattern.     

Genome profiles of bilateral dysgerminomas, a unilateral gonadoblastoma, and a metastasis from a 46, XY phenotypic female

We present a case report of a 16-year-old, phenotypic female with bilateral dysgerminomas, a unilateral gonadoblastoma, and a peritoneal metastasis. The patient's constitutional karyotype was 46,XY. The chromosomal copy number, examined by the comparative genomic hybridization technique, showed 3 gains in the dysgerminoma of the right ovary, 6 gains in the dysgerminoma of the left ovary, and 2 gains and 1 loss in the gonadoblastoma of the left ovary. The metastasis showed 5 gains of which 4 were also observed in the dysgerminoma of the left ovary. The DNA ploidy classifications of the gonadoblastoma and the dysgerminoma in the right ovary were tetraploid, whereas the dysgerminoma in the left ovary and the metastasis were aneuploid. We therefore propose that the metastasis most probably developed from the dysgerminoma of the left ovary.     

No germline TP53 mutations detected in familial and bilateral testicular cancer

Mutations in the TP53 gene are considered to be among the most common genetic alterations in human cancers. Both somatic and germline mutations have been found. Using potymerase chain reaction (PCR), constant denaturant gel electrophoresis (CDGE), and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), we have examined 32 patients with bilateral and familial germ cell tumors (GCT) and two patients with sporadic GCT for germline mutations within the conserved regions of the gene. In addition, 15 tumors were screened for somatic mutations and analyzed for loss of heterozygocity (LOH) at the TP53 locus. Twelve tumors were analyzed for expression of TP53 via immunohistochemistry. Neither germline nor somatic TP53 mutations were deteeted. LOH was observed in one of five informative cases. No tumors showed increased expression of TP53 protein. These results indicate that alterations in the TP53 gene are not important for the predisposition to and development of GCT. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Flattening the quality of life curve? A prospective person-centred study from Norway amid COVID-19

Quality of Life Research - We examined multidimensional, heterogeneous reactions to the COVID-19 pandemic and associated measures to provide further insights into the developmental processes of...     

Antibiotic resistance in hospitals: a ward‐specific random effect model in a low antibiotic consumption environment

Association between previous antibiotic use and emergence of antibiotic resistance has been reported for several microorganisms. The relationship has been extensively studied, and although the causes of antibiotic resistance are multi‐factorial, clear evidence of antibiotic use as a major risk factor exists. Most studies are carried out in countries with high consumption of antibiotics and corresponding high levels of antibiotic resistance, and currently, little is known whether and at what level the associations are detectable in a low antibiotic consumption environment. We conduct an ecological, retrospective study aimed at determining the impact of antibiotic consumption on antibiotic‐resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in three hospitals in Norway, a country with low levels of antibiotic use. We construct a sophisticated statistical model to capture such low signals. To reduce noise, we conduct our study at hospital ward level. We propose a random effect Poisson or binomial regression model, with a reparametrisation that allows us to reduce the number of parameters. Inference is likelihood based. Through scenario simulation, we study the potential effects of reduced or increased antibiotic use. Results clearly indicate that the effects of consumption on resistance are present under conditions with relatively low use of antibiotic agents. This strengthens the recommendation on prudent use of antibiotics, even when consumption is relatively low. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Can Parent Training Alter Parent Practice and Reduce Conduct Problems in Ethnic Minority Children? A Randomized Controlled Trial

A randomized prevention study for ethnic minority mothers assessed the intervention effects of Parent Management Training—Oregon Model (PMTO) on maternal parent practices and child behavior. Ninety-six mothers from Somalia and Pakistan and their children aged 3 to 9 years were randomized to PMTO or a wait-list condition (WLC). Assessments were carried out at the baseline and post-intervention, using standardized measures and a multi-agent approach. All analyses were based on the intention-to-treat principle. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed that PMTO was effective in enhancing parent practices, with a decrease in harsh discipline and an increase in positive parenting. Moreover, PMTO produced reductions in motherreported child conduct problems. The largest effect sizes were found among mothers who attended more than 50 % of the PMTO group sessions. Teacher reports showed, however, that there were no significant intervention effects on conduct problems and social competence in kindergarten or school. The results emphasize the importance and feasibility of offering PMTO to ethnic minority families.     

Principle‐based analysis of the concept of telecare

Aim. To report a concept analysis of telecare. Background. Lately telecare has become a worldwide, modern way of giving care over distance by means of technology. Other concepts, like telemedicine, e‐health, and telehealth, focus on the same topic though the boundaries between them seem to be blurred. Data sources. Sources comprise 44 English language research articles retrieved from the database of Medline and Cinahl (1995–October 2011). Design. Literature Review. Method. A principle‐based analysis was undertaken through content analysis of the definitions, attributes, preconditions, and outcomes of the concept. Results. The attributes are well described according to the use of technology, caring activity, persons involved, and accessibility. Preconditions and outcomes are well described concerning individual and health political needs and benefits. The concept did not hold its boundaries through theoretical integration with the concept of telemedicine and telehealth. The definition of telecare competes with concepts like home‐based e‐health, telehomecare, telephonecare, telephone‐based psychosocial services, telehealth, and telemedicine. Assessment of the definitions resulted in a suggestion of a new definition: Telecare is the use of information, communication, and monitoring technologies which allow healthcare providers to remotely evaluate health status, give educational intervention, or deliver health and social care to patients in their homes. Conclusion. The logical principle was assessed to be partly immature, whereas the pragmatical and linguistical principles were found to be mature. A new definition is suggested and this has moved the epistemological principle forward to maturity.     

Asperger syndrome and “non-verbal learning problems” in a longitudinal perspective: Neuropsychological and social adaptive outcome in early adult life

Co-existence of Asperger syndrome (AS) and non-verbal learning disability (NLD) has been proposed based on the observation that people with AS tend to have significantly higher verbal than performance IQ (VIQ>PIQ by ≥15 points), one of the core features of NLD. In the present study we examined neuropsychological and social adaptive profiles with “non-verbal learning problems” associated with NLD in a group of individuals with AS followed from childhood into early adult life. The group was divided into three subgroups: (i) persistent NLD (P-NLD), i.e. NLD (VIQ>PIQ) both in childhood and early adulthood occasions, (ii) childhood NLD (CO-NLD), i.e. NLD (VIQ>PIQ) only at original diagnosis, or (iii) No NLD (VIQ>PIQ) ever (NO-NLD). All three subgroups were followed prospectively from childhood into adolescence and young adult life. One in four to one in five of the whole group of males with AS had P-NLD. The P-NLD subgroup had poorer neuropsychological outcome in early adult life than did those with CO-NLD and those with NO-NLD. There were no unequivocal markers in early childhood that predicted subgroup status in early adult life, but early motor delay and a history of early speech-language problems tended to be associated with P-NLD.