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排序方式: 共有99条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
I. Birdi T. M. Hunt P. S. Veitch M. Armon P. Jervis C. Barr 《Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England》1994,76(6):390-395
Laparoscopic techniques have revolutionised the surgical approach to cholecystectomy, even though there have been no published randomised controlled trials to demonstrate the safety of this approach. We present an audit of 555 patients offered laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In all, 54 patients (9.7%) were converted to an open procedure. Peroperative cholangiography (POC) was attempted in 190 cases (34.2%) and achieved in 141 (25.4%). Major complications occurred in 26 cases (4.7%) including 5 (0.9%) deaths, two of whom had major pre-existing morbidity. There was one common bile duct (CBD) injury (0.18%). There were 30 patients (5.4%) found to have CBD stones, 27 of which were cleared at ERCP, and three converted to open exploration. Cholecystectomy by any route is a major operation and we conclude that careful case selection remains imperative. However, morbidity is favourable compared with open cholecystectomy, and comparable with other reports using the laparoscopic technique. Our experience of CBD injury (0.18%) is also acceptable compared with the risk of injury during open cholecystectomy. There were 312 patients (56.2%) who did not undergo perioperative CBD imaging with ERCP or POC and three of these developed early symptomatic retained stones. This group requires further follow-up. 相似文献
2.
A postal survey of 434 clinicians at four local hospitals was undertaken in order to identify the methods by which clinicians learn how to request permission for hospital autopsies and to assess the preferred techniques and timing of relevant communication skills training. The majority of 128 responding clinicians had learnt through personal experience with some assistance from senior colleagues and peers. Few clinicians appeared to have learnt through formal training. The preferred methods for the provision of communication skills training were training in small groups (such as seminars or tutorials) and observation of clinicians at work. The most desirable time for the provision of this training was considered to be between the beginning of the final undergraduate year and the end of the pre-registration house officer year. The communication skills training provided within medical education is in need of improvement. More emphasis should be given to clinical-task- or situation-specific applications such as requesting permission for autopsies. 相似文献
3.
U. Barros U. Ladiwala T. J. Birdi N. H. Antia 《International journal of experimental pathology》1987,68(5):733-741
Although leprosy, a chronic disease caused by M. leprae, primarily affects skin and peripheral nerves, pathological changes and granulomas have been observed in lymph nodes which are: (a) present in tuberculoid lymph nodes in the absence of acid-fact bacilli and (b) persistent in lepromatous patients even after prolonged treatment. We detected substantial amounts of mycobacterial antigen in 16 leprous lymph nodes using anti-BCG by the peroxidase anti-peroxidase method. The load and distribution of antigen varied along the spectrum and with the duration of treatment. Tuberculoid and long-term treated lepromatous lymph nodes had a similar distribution of antigen in clusters of cells giving a ''speckled'' appearance. The untreated lepromatous had a ''diffuse'' staining of antigen in foamy histiocytes whereas lepromatous lesions with a lower bacillary load had a mixed pattern of ''diffuse'' and ''speckled''. Antigen was also detected in a number of plasma cells along the spectrum but predominantly in lepromatous lymph nodes. Our observations indicate that: (a) antigen exists in lymph nodes despite prolonged chemotherapy which may be responsible for the persistent granuloma and (b) antigen is not confined to any particular anatomical compartment of the lymph node. 相似文献
4.
Correlation between macrophage activation and bactericidal function and Mycobacterium leprae antigen presentation in macrophages of leprosy patients and normal individuals. 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
The killing of Mycobacterium leprae by resting and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-activated macrophages in normal subjects and leprosy patients was assessed. Resting macrophages from normal individuals demonstrated the ability to kill M. leprae. For macrophages from tuberculoid patients, killing of M. leprae was only achieved in the presence of IFN-gamma, suggesting that initial T-cell activation occurs prior to the killing of M. leprae. In contrast, though activation with IFN-gamma rendered the lepromatous macrophages microbicidal, it failed to induce lymphocyte proliferation, suggesting a defect at either the antigen-presenting cell or the lymphocyte level or both. The concept that T-cell anergy is primarily due to lack of lymphokine generation was ruled out by our results, since responsiveness was restored in only a small proportion of lepromatous patients after exogenous lymphokine addition. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that killing and antigen presentation are two independent events. It appears that the ability of the macrophages per se to kill M. leprae may be of greater importance than lymphocyte-mediated activation for protection against M. leprae infection. 相似文献
5.
6.
Controlled Release in Transdermal Pressure Sensitive Adhesives using Organosilicate Nanocomposites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Shaikh S Birdi A Qutubuddin S Lakatosh E Baskaran H 《Annals of biomedical engineering》2007,35(12):2130-2137
Polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) based pressure sensitive adhesives (PSA) incorporating organo-clays at different loadings were
fabricated via solution casting. Partially exfoliated nanocomposites were obtained for the hydroxyl terminated PDMS in ethyl
acetate solvent as determined by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. Drug release studies showed that the initial
burst release was substantially reduced and the drug release could be controlled by the addition of organo-clay. Shear strength
and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT) measurements indicated substantial improvement in adhesive properties of the
PSA nanocomposite adhesives. Shear strength showed more than 200% improvement at the lower clay loadings and the SAFT increased
by about 21% due to the reinforcement provided by the nano-dispersed clay platelets. It was found that by optimizing the level
of the organosilicate additive to the polymer matrix, superior control over drug release kinetics and simultaneous improvements
in adhesive properties could be attained for a transdermal PSA formulation. 相似文献
7.
Tannaz J. Birdi S. Brijesh Poonam G. Daswani 《Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences》2014,76(3):229-235
Diarrhoeal diseases due to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli continue to be a cause of global concern. Medicinal plants have been gaining popularity as promising antidiarrhoeal agents. In the present study, four antidiarrhoeal plants, viz. Aegle marmelos, Cyperus rotundus, Psidium guajava and Zingiber officinale were screened against a heat-stable toxin-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli strain. Decoctions of these plants were studied for their effect on intracellular killing of the bacterial strain using murine monocytic cell line, J774. [3H] thymidine release assay was used to evaluate the apoptotic/necrotic effect. All plants at concentrations <1% enhanced intracellular killing of the bacteria by J774 cells. However, at higher concentrations, the decoctions induced apoptosis in J774 cells. The study demonstrates that these plants could control diarrhoea caused by heat-stable toxin-producing enterotoxigenic E. coli through their immunomodulatory effect. 相似文献
8.
Decho Surangsrirat Vikram Sridhar Onsiri Srikun Mananya Puanglamjeak Prab Birdi Songphon Dumnin Chusak Thanawattano Kam S. Chana 《RSC advances》2022,12(10):6181
The water content of organic solvents is one of the crucial properties that affect the quality of the products and the efficiency of the manufacturing processes. The established water determination methods such as Karl Fischer titration and gas chromatography require skilled operators, specific reagents, and prolonged measurement time. Thus, they are not suitable for both on-line and in-line applications. In this study, we aim to develop a real-time and low-cost device with reliable accuracy. The proposed device based on a newly developed thermal approach could non-destructively detect the water content in multiple organic solvents at low concentrations with high accuracy and without the use of any specific reagent. Experiments were performed for the determination of water content in organic solvents such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol. The results show that the proposed device is feasible for the water content determination in methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol at 0–1% w/w. A Bland–Altman plot to illustrate the differences in measurements between the proposed device and coulometric Karl Fischer titration shows that most of the measurements lie within the limits of agreement where 95% of the differences between the two methods are expected to fall in the range of −0.13% and 0.09%.The proposed device could non-destructively detect the water content in organic solvents at low concentrations with high accuracy and without any specific reagent. It could determine the water content in methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol at 0–1% w/w. 相似文献
9.
Ethnopharmacological relevance
Maharashtra is the third largest state in India with a large tribal population. Documentation of traditional knowledge through ethnobotanical studies is important for conservation and utilization of indigenous knowledge. Diarrhoeal diseases are the second largest cause of morbidity in rural India. Medicinal plants given by the traditional healers of Parinche in Pune district, Maharashtra are known to be efficacious for many common ailments, including diarrhoeal diseases.Aim of the study
Ethnobotanical survey of antidiarrhoeal plants from Parinche valley towards the documentation and conservation of traditional knowledge.Materials and methods
Interviews and inquiries were conducted amongst traditional healers, indigenous communities and village elders.Results
One hundred and eighty two plants used by tribes and natives for different ailments were documented of which 28 flowering plants were for diarrhoea. Leaf was the most preferred plant part. Amongst the 28 plants, antidiarrhoeal activity of five plants viz., Caesalpinia sepiaria, Dioscorea pentaphylla, Launaea pinnatifida, Syzygium rubicundum and Ziziphus jujuba has not been reported previously. Two species viz., Ziziphus xylopyra and Syzygium rubicundum are endemic to India.Conclusion
Parinche valley is an ethnobotanically rich area with abundant availability and knowledge of medicinal plants that can serve as a model for low cost health care. 相似文献10.
Postpneumonectomy syndrome is a rare complication of pneumonectomy and is characterized by progressive dyspnea, stridor, and repeated chest infections. It is caused by displacement and rotation of the mediastinal structures into the pneumonectomy space, producing compression and malacic changes in the trachea and remaining bronchus. We report the successful long-term results of mediastinal correction, cardiopexy and plombage with saline breast prostheses in a 59-year-old man after right pneumonectomy for carcinoma of the lung. 相似文献