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Oilseed rape and seasonal symptoms: epidemiological and environmental studies. 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
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BACKGROUND--There is widespread concern that the cultivation of oilseed rape leads to seasonal epidemics of respiratory symptoms in populations living in the neighbourhood, and it has been suggested that the plant is a potent allergen. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the prevalence of seasonal symptoms in rural populations close to and far from areas of oilseed rape cultivation, and to measure the levels of allergen and other potentially harmful substances released by the crop. METHODS--Random samples of 1000 adults from the general practice populations of two villages surrounded by oilseed rape fields, and 1000 adults from one village far from such cultivation, were taken. The subjects completed a previously validated questionnaire on respiratory and other symptoms, including questions on symptom seasonality, occupation, and smoking habits. Pollen and fungal spore counts were made around fields of oilseed rape and in the villages. The chemicals released by oilseed rape were measured in the field. RESULTS--Overall, 86.8% of the subjects completed the questionnaires and the populations of the two samples were generally comparable. Spring and summer exacerbations of symptoms occurred equally in the two areas in approximately 25% of the population. There were small but significant excesses of cough, wheeze, and headaches in spring in the oilseed rape area (2.3% v 1.1%, 6.8% v 4.6%, and 4.8% v 2.8%, respectively), and cough, wheeze, and itchy skin were more prevalent in smokers. Counts of oilseed rape pollen were generally low except adjacent to fields, and counts of fungal spores were mostly higher in the rape than the non-rape areas. Oilseed rape was shown to give off terpenes and these were detected close to fields. CONCLUSIONS--While it is likely that a proportion of the spring symptoms occurring in people living in close proximity to oilseed rape is caused by the plant, the excess of such symptoms is small. This, together with the low levels of pollen in the area, suggests that allergy to oilseed rape pollen is uncommon. The general prevalence of seasonal symptoms in rural areas is of interest, and a proportion of these cases is likely to be caused by factors other than allergy. Release of chemicals by plants and natural rises in summer ozone levels may be contributors. 相似文献
4.
Deborah E Meyers Jo Maddicks-Law David M Seaton Andrew J Galbraith Ross C Cuneo 《The Journal of heart and lung transplantation》2005,24(1):110-114
It has been reported that growth hormone (GH) deficiency induced cardiomyopathy responds to growth hormone replacement therapy. We describe the case of a middle-aged male with cardiomyopathic heart failure and growth hormone deficiency of the adult secondary to surgical panhypopituitarism. We demonstrate clinical and hemodynamic improvement of cardiac function with growth hormone replacement therapy despite underlying structural heart disease. 相似文献
5.
The effect associated with the substitution of adenine (A) for guanidine (G) in the promoter region of the apolipoprotein AI gene (?75 bp) with plasma apo AI and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels was investigated in the European Atherosclerosis Research Study (EARS). This is a study of healthy offspring (cases) of fathers who had suffered premature myocardial infarction (MI) before age 55 years (n = 565) and age- and sex-matched controls (n = 1,078) from 12 European countries, divided into 5 regions based on geography and language. The frequency of the polymorphism was not significantly different among the regions and the relative frequency of the rare A allele was similar in cases and controls (0.159 vs. 0.142) combining data from all regions. Individuals with one or more A allele had significantly higher plasma apo AI levels (P < 0.05) than individuals homozygous for the G allele. This effect was consistent in all regions. The data were analyzed separately in males and females. In females, those with one or more A allele had significantly higher apo AI levels (P = 0.05) than individuals homozygous for the G allele, and this raising effect of the A allele was greater in cases than controls for both apo AI (5.23% vs. 1.56%) and HDL (4.48% vs. 1.89%). In males, the A allele was associated with higher levels of apo AI and HDL, but the effect was much smaller and the differences did not reach statistical significance. In the females, where the effect of the A allele was strongest, the effect on apo AI associated with genotype was evident in non-smokers, and individuals with one or two A alleles had 3.6% higher apo AI and 3.14% higher HDL levels than individuals homozygous for the G allele. However, in the female smokers the raising effect of the A allele was greatly reduced (0.56%). Thus genetic variation in the promoter region of the apo AI gene is associated with differences in apo AI and HDL levels in healthy individuals throughout Europe, but the effect is modulated by gender, environmental factors such as smoking, and a family history of MI. 相似文献
6.
V. Leroy Young Mary K. Seaton Christine A. Feely Cynthia Arfken Dorothy F. Edwards Carolyn M. Baum Samuel Logan 《American journal of industrial medicine》1995,27(3):419-431
On-site testing of 157 poultry processors disclosed that 50% had three or more abnormal upper extremity findings out of a total of 22 possibles. The average worker had five to six abnormal findings. Impaired pinch strength, decreased vibration sensitivity in the fingertips, and reports of current numbness were the most prevalent. Of workers with signs, 25% reported no symptoms, whereas only 8% of workers reported symptoms but had no signs. The investigators concluded that this measurement method has utility for assessments of worker populations to determine prevalence of CTDs and, potentially, for preclinical detection of these disorders to permit early intervention, reduce medical costs, and minimize disability. The need for accurate measurement to enhance early detection and prevention is discussed. 相似文献
7.
D W Warren W M Hairfield D L Seaton V A Hinton 《American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics》1987,92(5):390-395
Mouth breathing in response to an impaired nasal airway is thought to have clinical consequences. Physiologically, mouth breathing occurs whenever the body senses that nasal resistance is inappropriately high. In physical terms mouth breathing is a response that enlarges the upper airway and, by doing so, reduces airway resistance. In the past measurements of nasal resistance have been used as an index of airway impairment. Recently, we introduced a technique that estimates cross-sectional size of the airway, a variable that directly determines the magnitude of airway resistance. The purpose of the present study was to determine the precise effects of nasal airway size on nasal airway resistance so that the relationship between the two could be described in mathematic terms. There were two phases to the study--one involving a model and simulated breathing, and the other involving 100 subjects demonstrating normal and impaired nasal airways. The pressure-flow technique for estimation of nasal airway size and nasal airway resistance was used. The following equation was generated from the data: Resistance = 1.9 + (Formula: see text). The relationship between the two variables is nonlinear--that is, size of the airway has its greatest effect on resistance when the airway is less than 0.4 cm2 and a much lesser effect at larger airway sizes. The study also showed that nasal airway resistance generally does not fall very much below 1.9 cm H2O/L/S during breathing even when the airway is very large. This probably relates to the need to maintain an adequate level of airway resistance for alveolar gas exchange.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
8.
Philippa J. Webster Lu Liang Celeste A. Berg Paul Lasko Paul M. Macdonald 《Genes & development》1997,11(19):2510-2521
oskar (osk) mRNA is tightly localized to the posterior pole of the Drosophila oocyte, where the subsequent expression of Osk protein directs abdomen and germ-line formation in the developing embryo. Misplaced expression of Osk protein leads to lethal body patterning defects. The Osk message is translationally repressed before and during the localization process, ensuring that Osk protein is only expressed after the mRNA has reached the posterior. An ovarian protein, Bruno (Bru), has been implicated as a translational repressor of osk mRNA. Here we report the isolation of a cDNA encoding Bru using a novel approach to the expression cloning of an RNA-binding protein, and the identification of previously described mutants in the arrest (aret)-locus as mutants in Bru. The mutant phenotype, along with the binding properties of the protein and its pattern of accumulation within the oocyte, indicate that Bru regulates multiple mRNAs involved in female and male gametogenesis as well as early in embryogenesis. Genetic experiments provide further evidence that Bru functions in the translational repression of osk. Intriguingly, we find that Bru interacts physically with Vasa (Vas), an RNA helicase that is a positive regulator of osk translation. Bru belongs to an evolutionarily conserved family of genes, suggesting that Bru-mediated translational regulation may be widespread. Models for the molecular mechanism of Bru function are discussed. 相似文献
9.
High rates of clustering of strains causing tuberculosis in Harare, Zimbabwe: a molecular epidemiological study
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Easterbrook PJ Gibson A Murad S Lamprecht D Ives N Ferguson A Lowe O Mason P Ndudzo A Taziwa A Makombe R Mbengeranwa L Sola C Rastogi N Rostogi N Drobniewski F 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2004,42(10):4536-4544
We examined the pattern of tuberculosis (TB) transmission (i.e., reactivation versus recent transmission) and the impact of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Harare, Zimbabwe. Consecutive adult smear-positive pulmonary TB patients presenting to an urban hospital in Harare were enrolled. A detailed epidemiological questionnaire was completed, and tests for HIV type 1 and CD4 cell counts were performed for each patient. Molecular fingerprinting of the genomic DNA recovered from cultures of sputum was performed by two molecular typing methods: spacer oligonucleotide typing (spoligotyping) and analysis of variable number of tandem DNA repeats (VNTRs). A cluster was defined as isolates from two or more patients that shared the same spoligotype pattern or the same VNTR pattern, or both. DNA suitable for typing was recovered from 224 patients. The prevalence of HIV infection was 79%. Of 187 patient isolates (78.6%) typed by both spoligotyping and analysis of VNTRs, 147 were identified as part of a cluster by both methods. By spoligotyping alone, 84.1% of patient isolates were grouped into 20 clusters. The cluster size was generally <8 patient isolates, although three large clusters comprised 68, 25, and 23 patient isolates. A total of 89.4% of the patient isolates grouped into 12 clusters defined by analysis of VNTRs, with 2 large clusters consisting of 127 and 13 patient isolates, respectively. Thirty-six percent of patient isolates with a shared spoligotype and 17% with a shared VNTR pattern were geographically linked within Harare, but they were not linked on the basis of the patient's home district. In a multivariate analysis, there were no independent predictors of clustering, including HIV infection status. Comparison with the International Spoligotype database (Pasteur Institute, Pointe a Pitre, Guadeloupe) demonstrated that our three largest spoligotype clusters are well recognized and ubiquitous in Africa. In this epidemiologically well characterized urban population with a high prevalence of HIV infection, we identified a very high level of strain clustering, indicating substantial ongoing recent TB transmission. Geographic linkage could be detected in a proportion of these clusters. A small group of actively circulating strains accounted for most of the cases of TB transmission. 相似文献
10.
High Rates of Clustering of Strains Causing Tuberculosis in Harare,Zimbabwe: a Molecular Epidemiological Study
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