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Kinzl Geelen F. Ferrio Langsteiner Dubitscher Pfister H. Donalies Kranz G. A. Adam Koller v. Baeyer Zillig G. Rost Sjvall Einar Hahn Rubner Max H. Hofmann Bresowsky Mller H. Liguori-Hohenauer Geller Braun F. Leibbrand Tbben H. 《International journal of legal medicine》1940,33(4):353-364
International Journal of Legal Medicine - 相似文献
3.
Carmem Lúcia Pessoa-Silva Sasi Dharan Stéphane Hugonnet Sylvie Touveneau Klara Posfay-Barbe Riccardo Pfister Didier Pittet 《Infection control and hospital epidemiology》2004,25(3):192-197
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dynamics of bacterial contamination of healthcare workers' (HCWs) hands during neonatal care. SETTING: The 20-bed neonatal unit of a large acute care teaching hospital in Geneva, Switzerland. METHODS: Structured observation sessions were conducted. A sequence of care began when the HCW performed hand hygiene and ended when the activity changed or hand hygiene was performed again. Alcohol-based handrub was the standard procedure for hand hygiene. An imprint of the five fingertips of the dominant hand was obtained before and after hand hygiene and at the end of a sequence of care. Regression methods were used to model the final bacterial count according to the type and duration of care and the use of gloves. RESULTS: One hundred forty-nine sequences of care were observed. Commensal skin flora comprised 72.4% of all culture-positive specimens (n = 360). Other microorganisms identified were Enterobacteriaceae (n = 55, 13.8%); Staphylococcus aureus (n = 10, 2.5%); and fungi (n = 7, 1.8%). Skin contact, respiratory care, and diaper change were independently associated with an increased bacterial count; the use of gloves did not fully protect HCWs' hands from bacterial contamination. CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that hands become progressively contaminated with commensal flora and potential pathogens during neonatal care, and identify activities at higher risk for hand contamination. They also reinforce the need for hand hygiene after a sequence of care, before starting a different task, and after glove removal. 相似文献
4.
Andrea Bernatowicz Uwe Kdel Karl Frei Adriano Fontana Hans-walter Pfister 《Journal of neuroimmunology》1995,60(1-2):53-61
Recent studies using a rat model of pneumococcal meningitis have shown that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors greatly attenuated microvascular changes and brain edema formation. The site of NO production during bacterial meningitis is unknown. In this study we tested whether primary astrocyte cultures from neonatal rat cortex can be induced to release NO upon stimulation with pneumococci. NO production was assessed by measuring nitrite in the cell culture supernatant using the Griess reaction. Stimulation with heat-killed unencapsulated pneumococci (HKP) increased nitrite concentrations in astrocyte culture supernatants in a dose-dependent fashion. Administration of AT-nitro-L-arginine (L-NA), aminoguanidine, L-canavanine, cycloheximide, and dexamethasone prevented the increase in nitrite concentrations. Addition of L-arginine, but not of o-arginine, partially reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NA. Administration of SOD increased nitrite accumulation. Moreover, at 72 h after stimulation with heat-killed pneumococci (107 cfu/ml) astrocytes showed an inducible NOS-like immunoreactivity. Accumulation of nitrite was also observed when rat cerebellar neurons and microglia were stimulated with HKP, whereas there was only a slight increase of nitrite in media of rat C6 glioma cells, but no increase of nitrite when the human glioblastoma cell line LN-229 was stimulated with HKP. There was a stronger increase in nitrite levels when astrocytes from Lewis rats were used compared to that from Wistar rats. In conclusion, our study indicates that astrocytes, neurons and microglia are inducible for NO production upon stimulation with pneumococci. 相似文献
5.
Treatment of dissociated murine brain cell cultures with an antibody recognizing galactocerebroside (GalC) led to degeneration of oligodendrocytes with loss of their cell processes. F(ab')2 fragments prepared from this antibody showed no effect. The anti-GalC antibody--but not its F(ab')2 fragments b2 was able to stimulate macrophages in these cultures as seen in a chemiluminescence assay. Therefore, antibodies bound to oligodendrocytes stimulated nearby macrophages by interacting with their Fc receptors. The oligodendroglial damage coincided with the release of toxic compounds by the stimulated macrophages, since treatment of the cultures with the anti-GalC antibody and a variety of other macrophage stimulating agents led to secretion of reactive oxygen species and--in some experiments--tumor necrosis factor, both known to be toxic for oligodendrocytes. These in vitro experiments show evidence that antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity may be an important mechanism of tissue destruction in inflammatory demyelinating diseases. 相似文献
6.
W C Pfister 《Journal of the Medical Association of Georgia》1988,77(8):629-631
7.
The absolute concentrations of the three major brain metabolites observable by in vivo proton spectroscopy--N-acetylaspartate(NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr and PCr) and choline (Cho)--have been measured at four standardized localizations in 34 healthy volunteers by in vivo localized proton spectroscopy using an external reference sample. The results show that the concentration of Cr and PCr as observed by in vivo MRS (5-6 mmol/L) is lower than that measured by other methods. The results are concordant with the hypothesis, that the Cr and PCr resonance as observed by proton spectroscopy is due mainly to PCr, whereas Cr remains invisible by being attached to a larger molecule. It is also demonstrated, that Cr and PCr is higher in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum, whereas NAA remains constant within the margin of error (8-9 mmol/L). 相似文献
8.
9.
Genotype-phenotype correlation for nucleotide substitutions in the IgII- IgIII linker of FGFR2 总被引:6,自引:3,他引:3
10.
M. R. Sarkar B. A. Rahn U. Pfister H. U. Keller S. M. Perren 《Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery》1990,109(2):97-101
Summary Temporary impairment of blood supply has been suggested to cause bone remodeling. The degradation of cells and matrix and the attraction of resorbing cells were examined in this study. Bone specimens of rabbits were stored in vitro for 2–20 days. At the end of this aging process the probes were tested for their chemotactic activity toward autologous leukocytes in a diffusion chamber. Both supernatant from the aged bone specimens and ground bone particles exhibited significant chemotactic activity that was specifically attracting monocytes. It is suggested that soluble bone matrix proteins or degeneration products liberated during ischemic damage to cortical bone initiate the resorptive process.This work was supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation, grant no. 3.857.0.83, and by the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes 相似文献