Green coloured urine

No abstract available.     

95. Indikation,Verfahrenswahl und Ergebnisse der operativen Behandlung von Lebermetastasen colorectaler Carcinome

Zusammenfassung Von 1969–1982 wurden 2805 Patienten mit einem colorectalen Carcinom operiert. In 325 Fällen fanden sich simultane Lebermetastasen. Weitere 65 Patienten wurden mit metachronen Lebermetastasen laparotomiert. Die 5-Jahresüberlebensrate nach 70 kurativen Leberresektionen betrug 25%. Ende 1983 lebten noch 20 dieser Patienten, 16 davon tumorfrei. Bei 33 Patienten erfolgte postoperativ eine regionale Chemotherapie über einen intraarteriellen bzw. portalvenösen Leberkatheter. Die mediane Oberlebenszeit konnte dadurch gegenüber nicht-behandelten Patienten um 9 Monate verlängert werden.     

Angiographic management of pseudoaneurysms of gastroduodenal artery following endoscopic sphincterotomy

Gastrointestinal bleeding follows endoscopic sphincterotomy in 1 % to 10 % of patients. We report two cases of bleeding from pseudoaneurysms of the gastroduodenal artery occurring as a complication of endoscopic sphincterotomy.     

Bone marrow oedema on MR imaging indicates ARCO stage 3 disease in patients with AVN of the femoral head

Objectives

To test the hypothesis that bone marrow oedema (BME) observed on MRI in patients with avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head represents an indicator of subchondral fracture.

Methods

Thirty-seven symptomatic hips of 27 consecutive patients (53 % women, mean age 49.2) with AVN of the femoral head and associated BME on magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were included. MR findings were correlated with computed tomography (CT) of the hip and confirmed by histopathological examination of the resected femoral head. Imaging studies were analysed by two radiologists with use of the ARCO classification.

Results

On MR imaging a fracture line could be identified in 19/37 (51 %) cases, which were classified as ARCO stage 3 (n?=?15) and stage 4 (n?=?4). The remaining 18/37 (49 %) cases were classified as ARCO stage 2. However, in all 37/37 (100 %) cases a subchondral fracture was identified on CT, indicating ARCO stage 3/4 disease. The extent of subchondral fractures and the femoral head collapse was graded higher on CT as compared to MRI (P?Histopathological analysis confirmed bone necrosis and subchondral fractures.

Conclusions

In patients with AVN, BME of the femoral head represents a secondary sign of subchondral fracture and thus indicates ARCO stage 3 disease.

Key Points

? BME on MRI in AVN of femoral head indicates a subchondral fracture. ? BME in AVN of the femoral head represents ARCO stage 3/4 disease. ? CT identifies subchondral fractures and femoral head collapse better than MR imaging. ? This knowledge helps to avoid understaging and to trigger adequate treatment.     

Metabolic rate constants for hydroquinone in F344 rat and human liver isolated hepatocytes: application to a PBPK model.

Hydroquinone (HQ) is an important industrial chemical that also occurs naturally in foods and in the leaves and bark of a number of plant species. Exposure of laboratory animals to HQ may result in species-, sex-, and strain-specific nephrotoxicity. The sensitivity of male F344 versus female F344 and Sprague-Dawley rats or B6C3F1 mice appears to be related to differences in the rates of formation of key nephrotoxic metabolites. Metabolic rate constants for the conversion of HQ through several metabolic steps to the mono-glutathione conjugate and subsequent detoxification via mercapturic acid formation were measured in suspension cultures of hepatocytes isolated from male F-344 rats and humans. A mathematic kinetic model was used to analyze each metabolic step by simultaneously fitting the disappearance of each substrate and the appearance of subsequent metabolites. An iterative, nested approach was used whereby downstream metabolites were considered first, and the model was constrained by the requirement that rate constants determined during analysis of individual steps must also satisfy the complete, integrated metabolism scheme, including competitive pathways. The results from this study indicated that the overall capacity for metabolism of HQ and its mono-glutathione conjugate is greater in hepatocytes from humans than in those from rats, suggesting a greater capacity for detoxification of the glutathione conjugates in humans. Metabolic rate constants were applied to an existing physiologically based pharmacokinetic model, which was used to predict total glutathione metabolites produced in the liver. The results showed that body burdens of these metabolites will be much higher in rats than in humans.     

Indikation zur Fertilitätsprotektion

Gynäkologische Endokrinologie - Fertilitätsprotektion hat sich zu einem Teil der Standardbehandlung bei jungen Menschen mit Krebserkrankung entwickelt. Dennoch werden in der...