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D A Cottrell M L Henry T M O'Dorisio R J Tesi R M Ferguson K Osei 《Diabetic medicine》1992,9(5):438-443
We have previously shown that the loss of acute first phase insulin secretion precedes pancreas allograft rejection and development of glucose intolerance in Type 1 diabetic patients. In order to examine whether there is a progressive loss of phases of insulin secretion and beta-cell function in technically successful pancreas transplants during the first year, we measured glucose, insulin, and C-peptide responses to physiological (mixed meal) and pharmacological (IV glucose and IV glucagon) stimulation in 27 glucose-tolerant, insulin-independent allograft recipients at 3, 6, and 12 months. Mean +/- SE fasting serum glucose levels were normalized throughout the study period. Postprandial serum glucose profiles tended to increase by 12 months compared to 3 and 6 months, although peak glucose levels were not statistically different. Following pancreas transplantation, basal serum insulin levels were high at 3 months (163 +/- 17 pM), 6 months (165 +/- 22 pM), and 12 months (248 +/- 54 pM, p = NS) in the Type 1 diabetic pancreas allograft recipients when compared to normal (25 +/- 3 pM). We observed slight elevations in postprandial insulin and C-peptide profiles at 12 months compared to 3 and 6 months. Following IV glucose and glucagon stimulation, serum insulin and C-peptide levels as well as phases of insulin release did not differ over the 12-month study period. Similarly, the glucose decay constant (KG) was nearly identical at 3, 6, and 12 months. In summary, 1 year following successful whole cadaveric, heterotopic pancreas transplantation in Type 1 diabetic recipients, fasting serum glucose remains normalized, while postprandial glucose tends to rise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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The example of the Akan in Ghana shows that western medicine has no psychotherapeutic alternative to offer the so-called "developing countries". The traditional healing methods existing in such countries must be preserved and researched in order to maintain them at least at their present standard (9). This task, as well as that of developing these methods over the coming decades to keep pace with the cultural development process, is one that devolves upon the young scientists and doctors of such countries. This in turn requires further study of socialization values and norms, the potential resultant conflicts, the psychotherapeutic conflict-solving processes designed to obviate them and the forces at work in such psychotherapy. 相似文献
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Joseph Kangmennaang Lydia Osei Paul Mkandawire Isaac Luginaah 《AIDS and behavior》2016,20(11):2514-2528
This paper examines the relationship between circumcision status and timing of sexual debut among unmarried youth in Sub-Saharan Africa using Demographic and Health Surveys. Results from survival analysis indicate that the association between circumcision and timing of first sex is place and context specific. Compared to uncircumcised, circumcised men in Rwanda, Uganda and Namibia hasten sexual initiation, whilst circumcised youth in Ethiopia and Mali delayed sex initiation. In Togo however, we found parity in timing to sexual debut. Our multivariate results reveal that, knowledge of HIV/AIDS risk and educational level also feed into the association between circumcision and timing of sex initiation- implying that efforts to prevent new HIV infection through circumcision could benefit from a proper understanding of how diverse set of factors interact in specific contexts to shape youth’s decisions to initiate early sex. 相似文献
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Black Americans (blacks) have a higher prevalence and earlier onset of type 2 diabetes than white Americans (whites). To examine metabolic differences in both races, we measured the basal glucose turnover rates (D-]3-3H]glucose technique) and plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide levels before and after an oral glucose load in 24 glucose-tolerant black and 14 white female relatives of patients with type 2 diabetes. Eight black and 8 white female subjects with no family history of diabetes served as controls. Mean fasting and postglucose plasma glucose levels were not significantly different between the black and white relatives and the control subgroups. Mean fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were slightly greater but not significantly different between the relatives. After oral glucose ingestion, mean incremental integrated plasma insulin areas were significantly (P less than 0.02) greater in the black than the white relatives (70 +/- 14 vs. 29 +/- 6 nM.min). In addition, incremental integrated C-peptide areas were greater in the black than the white relatives (303 +/- 55 vs. 115 +/- 33; P less than 0.005). Similarly, we found significantly greater integrated incremental insulin (61 +/- 11 vs. 22 +/- 3 nM.min; P less than 0.02) and C-peptide (248 +/- 58 vs. 47 +/- 16; P less than 0.005) areas in the black than the white controls, respectively. The estimated basal and postglucose hepatic insulin extraction values, expressed as molar ratios of C-peptide and insulin, were not significantly different between the relatives. While basal hepatic insulin extraction was significantly (P less than 0.05) lower in the black controls, the postprandial insulin clearance was not different between the black and white controls. Mean basal hepatic glucose production was greater (P less than 0.02) in the black than the white relatives (2.49 +/- 0.13 vs. 2.02 +/- 0.12 mg/kg.min). Similarly, the black controls had greater hepatic glucose production than the white controls (2.36 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.81 +/- 0.08 mg/kg.min; P less than 0.001). We conclude that basal and poststimulation glucose homeostatic regulation appear to be different in black and white females, regardless of family history of type 2 diabetes. 相似文献
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The effect of wrist surgery on the kinematic consistency of joint axis reconstruction in a static posture 下载免费PDF全文
Andrew P. Kraszewski Daniel A. Osei Rohit Garg Eugene Jang Howard J. Hillstrom Mark W. Lenhoff Scott W. Wolfe 《Journal of orthopaedic research》2015,33(9):1341-1347
Three‐dimensional analysis of wrist motion is a growing focus in orthopedic research, however, our understanding of its validity (accuracy and reliability) remains limited. Nine human cadavers were tested to estimate wrist joint axes alignment in a postural static pose. The objective was to investigate a rater's ability to reliably align three skin‐ tracked wrist joint coordinate system (WJCS) definitions across baseline and reconstructive wrist states (intact, mid‐carpal arthrodesis, and proximal‐row carpectomy). Two WJCSs (legacy, anatomic) were based on palpated bony landmarks and the third (functional) was based on both landmarks and passive flexion‐extension motion. A coordinate frame based on the anatomic definition was tracked with bone pins and served as a reference. Each WJCS was tested in each wrist state and in three forearm position (45° pronation, neutral, 45° supination). The angular offset about each axis of the WJCS frames were calculated with respect to the reference in flexion‐extension, radial‐ulnar deviation, and pronation‐supination for every iteration. Reliability and root mean square deviation values were analyzed across wrist states. Our data suggest that no WJCS is uniformly more reliable than another. The functional WJCS definition was most consistent across intact and post‐operative states for pronation‐supination offset, but this was dependent on rater interpretation. It still however offers the practical benefit of requiring fewer landmarks. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 33:1341–1347, 2015. 相似文献