双针会师法腹腔丛阻滞对顽固性上腹部癌痛患者的镇痛作用

晚期癌痛患者17例，男9例，女8例，年龄46—85岁，体重38—63kg，VASⅢ或Ⅳ级。CT引导下经T12-L1椎间隙左、右穿刺，针尖分别抵达膈脚外腹主动脉旁及膈脚内。分别注入含造影剂（30％碘海醇注射液1ml）的1％利多卡因8ml，CT示所注药液有会师趋势或已会师包绕腹主动脉后，左、右分别注入无水酒精20、15ml，再次CT观察酒精扩散情况，以视觉模拟评分（VAS）及改良生活质量（QOL）评分评价镇痛效果。会师包绕腹主动脉的11例患者中8例（73％）镇痛效果满意至去世；另6例酒精在腹主动脉周围被转移的淋巴结分割呈斑点、斑片状，其中3例（50％）完全无痛。与腹腔丛阻滞（NCPB）前相比，NCPB后各时点的VAS评分下降，QOL评分升高（P〈0．01）。双针会师法腹腔丛阻滞可使所注无水酒精在腹腔丛恰当分布，对顽固性上腹部癌痛患者有较好的镇痛效果。     

Increased capillary permeability for plasma proteins in oral contraceptive users.

The transcapillary fluid balance was examined in eleven women before administration of a monophasic oral contraceptive (desogestrel 0.15 mg, ethinylestradiol 0.03 mg), and after three and six months of use. The interstitial colloid osmotic pressure was measured by the "wick" method, and the interstitial hydrostatic pressure by the "wick-in-needle" method in subcutaneous tissue on thorax and leg. During the six-month observation period, the following changes were observed: Plasma colloid osmotic pressure decreased (mean 1.8 mmHg, p = 0.047), as well as serum albumin (mean 5.1 g/l, p = 0.0006), total protein concentration (mean 2.8 g/l, p = 0.0006), hemoglobin (mean 0.5 g/dl, p = 0.014) and hematocrit (mean 1.8%, p = 0.047). Blood pressure and body weight remained unchanged, but foot volume showed a significant increase. The colloid osmotic pressure gradient (plasma-interstitium) was significantly reduced. The results indicate an increase in plasma volume in addition to an increased capillary permeability to plasma proteins during oral contraceptive use. We suggest that the observed changes in transcapillary fluid balance is caused by the estrogen component of the oral contraceptive pill.     

腭部多形性低度恶性腺癌伴颈淋巴结及全身多处广泛转移:1例报告及文献复习

多形性低度恶性腺癌是一种少见的唾液腺肿瘤,局部转移率低,全身转移更为罕见,预后良好.本文报告1例腭部多形性低度恶性腺癌伴颈淋巴结及全身多处广泛转移病例,并结合有关文献,对其临床表现、病例特征、鉴别诊断、治疗及预后等进行讨论.     

口腔颌面部游离组织瓣危象的观察和处理:附44例报告

目的 回顾分析832例口腔颌面部游离组织瓣移植病例，探讨发生组织瓣危象的原因，提高游离组织瓣移植的成功率。方法：自1997年8月～2003年4月，共制备游离组织瓣832块，对皮瓣危象发生的时问、原因、临床表现、演变过程、应急处理等进行总结和分析。结果：832例组织瓣中．44例出现危象，占5．29％，以静脉栓塞为主占绝大多数(38／44)。发生于术后72h内者38例，占86．36％；其中对32例进行手术探查，21例抢救成功，占65．63％。结论：游离组织瓣移植成功率高，关键在于局部处理得当。术后3d内要密切观察，一旦出现危象．应在6h内进行积极手术探查。     

阴黄证内毒素水平的实验研究

目的:探讨阴黄证血浆内毒素水平以及内毒素血症在阴黄证肝损伤发病机制中的作用.方法:选用Wistar大鼠24只,随机分为正常组、阳黄组及阴黄组.采用生化法测定内毒素含量和丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)活性.结果:与正常组比较,阳黄组血浆内毒素水平无显著性差异,而阴黄组显著高于对照组(P<0.01).阳黄组与阴黄组ALT活性显著高于正常组,且阴黄组显著高于阳黄组(P<0.01).阴黄组中内毒素水平与ALT活性之间呈正相关关系(r=0.993,P<0.01). 结论:内毒素血症为阴黄证常见并发症,内毒素血症在阴黄证肝损伤发病中具有重要作用.     

口腔鳞癌中Bax,Bcl-2和Survivin 蛋白表达与预后相关性研究

目的:研究凋亡相关蛋白Bax,Bcl-2及Survivin的表达与口腔鳞癌预后的相关性,确定预后判断的有效标志物。方法:采用免疫组织化学方法,检测110例口腔鳞癌患者术后石蜡切片组织中Bax、Bcl-2及Survivin蛋白的表达。通过目标蛋白阳性染色细胞比例和阳性细胞中蛋白的染色强度判定各种蛋白的表达水平;应用SAS 9.0软件中的Kaplan-Meier及Cox回归分析Bax、Bcl-2及Survivin蛋白表达与口腔鳞癌预后的相关性。结果:110例标本检测和统计分析结果表明,Bax、Bcl-2和Survivin蛋白单独表达水平与口腔鳞癌术后生存时间并无显著的相关性;Bcl-2/Bax的比值与口腔鳞癌的术后生存时间呈显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:口腔鳞癌患者组织标本中的Bcl-2/Bax值是影响预后的重要指标,提示该指标在临床上可作为口腔鳞癌患者预后判断的有效标志物。     

论中医学的逻辑思维方法

研究中医逻辑学，能促进中医学的教育和科研，是中医实现现代化的必由之路。认为《黄帝内经》阴阳学说的逻辑思维模式和特点，《伤寒论》的思维确定性原则都是对中医逻辑思维的贡献。     

Late onset postpartum thrombocytosis in preeclampsia

BACKGROUND: During pregnancy, changes in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis create a hypercoagulable state. In the puerperium this thrombogenicity is even higher, and the chance of developing thromboembolism is 3-5 times higher in this period than during pregnancy. In preeclampsia, platelets are activated and play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of the disease. Systematic information on longitudinal changes in platelet number and size postpartum after normotensive and preeclamptic pregnancies is not available. METHODS: We measured platelet number, mean platelet volume and the median volume of the 20% largest platelets in eleven preeclamptic and eleven normotensive pregnant women matched for mode of delivery. The blood samples were taken antepartum and every 2-3 days in the postpartum period until the platelet count decreased/normalized. RESULTS: In the preeclamptic group, the platelet count increased significantly from 240x10(9)/l antepartum to 621x10(9)/l on day 6-14 postpartum (p<0.01). In the control group, the platelet count increased from 214x10(9)/l antepartum to 251x10(9)/l on day 2-5 (p<0.01) and 351x10(9)/l on day 6-14 postpartum (p<0.01). The platelet count was significantly higher in the preeclamptic than in the control group 6-14 days postpartum (p<0.01). Antepartum, mean platelet volume and the median of the 20% largest platelets were significantly higher in the preeclamptic than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The platelet count is significantly increased postpartum both after normotensive, and 2-3 fold more after preeclamptic pregnancies. The time to peak values is between 6-14 days, usually at a time when patients are discharged from hospital.     

Skeletal muscle ultrastructure in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia

The aim of this study was to assess by quantitative methods whether the assumed metabolic disturbance underlying preeclampsia would be reflected in muscle cell composition of lipid, mitochondria, or glycogen. We have reported mitochondrial dysfunction in preeclampsia, and since accumulation of lipid in skeletal muscle is a feature in mitochondrial disorders, our hypothesis was that preeclamptic women would have an increased content of triglyceride droplets. Quantitative investigation of the skeletal muscle ultrastructure was performed in 10 women with severe preeclampsia and in 6 normotensive pregnant women. Biopsy specimens from musculus rectus abdominis were taken during cesarean section and prepared for electron microscopy. Random pictures were taken by transmission electron microscopy, and point-counting stereology was performed. Preeclamptic women did not have a higher lipid volume fraction than normotensive pregnant women, and we had to reject our hypothesis. On the contrary, there was a tendency towards a lower triglyceride volume fraction in pre eclampsia. We did not detect differences in relative volumes of mitochondria or glycogen in skeletal muscle between the two groups.     

True cryptorchidism and retractile testes in infertile men

The present study entails clinical evaluation of 77 infertile men with testicular descent disturbances. The results summarize as follows: The incidence of disturbance in testicular descent among infertile men was 15.5%, 15.5% and 4.9% in azoo-, oligozoo- (less than or equal to 10 mill/ml) and normozoo- (greater than 10 mill/ml) spermia, respectively. Out of the 77 men investigated, 50 had a history of true cryptorchidism and 27 retractile testes. 31 of the patients with cryptorchidism had previously been subjected to orchidopexy. In the group of infertile men with a history of retractile testes, 20 subjects still retained palpable pathological changes of the testes. Testicular biopsies (from men with retractile testes and sperm count below 10 mill/ml) demonstrated hypospermatogenesis (germ cell arrest to aplasia). 6) 53% of the subjects exhibited elevated serum FSH. Two men had developed testis tumours (seminoma/teratoma). It is advocated that early hormonal therapy and/or surgical procedures should be initiated in an attempt to improve the chances of future fertility both in cryptorchidism and retractile testes.