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1.
Purpose: To review the systemic and ocular manifestations of specific emergent viral infectious diseases relevant to the ophthalmologist with particular emphasis on anterior uveitis

Methods: Review of literature.

Results: Arboviral diseases are among the most important emergent and resurgent human infections, occurring mostly in tropical and subtropical zones, but appearing in virtually all regions of the world as a result of climate change, travel, and globalization. Arboviral infections are transmitted to humans by the bite of hematophagous arthropods, mainly mosquitoes. Systemic disease may range from asymptomatic to life-threatening. A wide variety of ocular manifestations, including uveitis, has been reported in association with these emerging viral diseases. Numerous viruses other than arboviruses also have been recently recognized as a potential cause of uveitis.

Conclusions: Proper clinical diagnosis of any emerging infectious disease is based on epidemiological data, history, systemic symptoms and signs, and the pattern of ocular involvement. The diagnosis is usually confirmed by detection of virus-specific DNA or antivirus antibodies in serum.  相似文献   
2.
Background: During labor, ephedrine is widely used to prevent or to treat maternal arterial hypotension and restore uterine perfusion pressure to avoid intrapartum fetal asphyxia. However, the effects of ephedrine on uterine blood flow have not been studied during uterine contractions. The purpose of the study was to assess the effects of ephedrine on uterine artery velocities and resistance index using the Doppler technique during the active phase of labor.

Methods: Ten normotensive, healthy parturients with uncomplicated pregnancies at term received intravenous ephedrine during labor to increase mean arterial pressure up to a maximum of 20% above their baseline pressure. Peak systolic and end-diastolic Doppler flow velocities and resistance indices were measured in the uterine artery before and immediately after administration of bolus intravenous ephedrine and after ephedrine washout. Umbilical and fetal middle cerebral arterial resistance indices and fetal heart rate were also calculated.

Results: After ephedrine administration, mean arterial pressure increased by 17 +/- 4%. End-diastolic flow velocity in the uterine artery at peak amplitude of uterine contraction was restored to 74% of the value observed in the absence of contraction. The systolic velocity was totally restored, and the uterine resistance index was significantly decreased, compared with the values in the absence of contraction. Between uterine contractions, ephedrine induced similar but less marked effects. Fetal hemodynamic parameters were not altered by ephedrine administration.  相似文献   

3.
    
Resumé Dans le but d'analyser les besoins d'une population en matière de dépistage des cancers, les attitudes, connaissances et comportements des femmes à propos des cancers du sein et du col utérin sont étudiées, auprès d'un groupe de consultantes tout venant de 3 centres de santé tunisiens (Kalaa-Kebira). Les résultats soulignent la nécessité d'informer la population concernant les facteurs de risque de ces maladies, particulièrement en ce qui concerne le cancer du sein, (1er cancer de la femme en Tunisie) mais surtout sur les signes d'appel et les moyens de dépistage disponibles. Le rôle des professionnels de la santé, plus du généraliste et de la sage-femme que du gynécologue apparait clair auprès des consultantes. L'éducation individuelle et de masse doit cependant aller de pair avec une sensibilisation et une formation des professionnels de la santé eux-mêmes en matière de dépistage.
Knowledges, attitudes and behaviors of Tunisian women about gynaecologic cancers
Summary With the aim to analyze population needs in the field of cancer screening (cervical and breast cancer), attitudes, behaviors and knowledge of a tunisien women group of health service user's were studied. Results clearly demonstrate the necessity to inform the concerned population about risk factors particularly concerning breast cancer (the most frequent cancer in Tunisia) but also early symptoms and available screening methods. This role is alloted to health professionals, more for general practitioners and midwives than for gynaecologists. Health education for women and groups, however, have to go hand in hand with training of health professionals in matter of test screening.

Kenntnisse, Haltung und Verhalten der tunesischen Frauen in Bezug auf gynäkologische Krebse
Zusammenfassung Haltung, Kenntnisse und Verhalten der Frauen gegenüber dem Brustkrebs und dem des Uterushalses wurden an Hand einer Patientinnengruppe in Tunesischen Gesundheitszentren (Kalaa-kebira) erlangt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Notwendigkeit, die Bevölkerung über die Risikofaktoren dieser Krankheiten zu unterrichten, besonders was den Brustkrebs betrifft (den verbreitetsten Krebs bei Frauen in Tunesien), aber vor allem über die Krankheitsanzeichen und die verfügbaren diagnosemethoden. Die Rolle der Gesundheitskräfte, insbesondere die des Allgemeinarztes und der Hebamme, noch vor derjenigen des Frauenarztes, sind den Patientinnen verständlich. Die individuelle sowie die massenhafte Gesundheitserziehung muss Hand in Hand gehen mit einer Sensibilisierung und einer Ausbildung des Gesundheitspersonals in Sachen Diagnosemethoden.
  相似文献   
4.
Individual bimiracidial infections of French Galba truncatula with an allopatric (Moroccan) isolate of Fasciola hepatica were carried out under laboratory conditions to count free rediae and intraredial daughter rediae in snails just after their death, and to determine whether feeding the snails on lettuce only or lettuce plus Tetraphyll had an effect on the development of redial generations. Controls consisted of snails infected with sympatric (French) miracidia and reared with lettuce only. In the allopatric group, reared with lettuce only as food, a higher mortality rate of snails in the first 4 weeks of the experiment was noted, and most G. truncatula showed 1-sporocyst infections, with the usual development of redial generations. Compared to the sympatric group, the growth of the first mother redia (R1a redia) in each snail of the allopatric group was significantly slower during the first weeks of infection, whereas a significantly increased formation of intraredial daughter rediae in the other mother rediae (R1b rediae) was noted over the same period. In the allopatric group, reared with cos lettuce and commercial fish food, 1-sporocyst infections (45.5% of snails) and 2-sporocyst infections (53.9%), with the usual development of redial generations, were noted. Compared to the sympatric group, a significantly slower development of the first mother redia during the first weeks of the experiment was noted in the 1-sporocyst infections, whereas the values in the 2-sporocyst infections did not significantly differ from those noted in the sympatric group. Similar results were noted for the production of intraredial daughter rediae in the R1b rediae during the first weeks of the experiment. In all infections derived from the growth of a single sporocyst per snail, the differentiation of numerous daughter rediae inside R1b rediae would be induced by the slow growth of the R1a redia (from which the most important group of R2a rediae originated) during the first weeks of infection and might represent a mechanism to replace free rediae absent from the inside of the snail.  相似文献   
5.
6.
Peeva E  Zouali M 《Immunology letters》2005,101(2):123-143
Pathogenic autoimmunity requires a combination of inherited and acquired factors. In as much as hormones influence the sexual dimorphism of the immune system, it is possible that they can initiate or accelerate an autoimmune process, and contribute to gender-biased autoimmune disorders. Not only natural hormones, but also endocrine disruptors, such as environmental estrogens, may act in conjunction with other factors to override immune tolerance to self-antigens. In lupus, murine and human studies demonstrate that female sex hormones are implicated in disease pathogenesis. In the B cell compartment, both prolactin and estrogen are immunomodulators that affect maturation, selection and antibody secretion. Their impact may be based on their capacity to allow autoreactive B cells to escape the normal mechanisms of tolerance and to accumulate in sufficient numbers to cause clinically apparent disease. Both hormones lead to the survival and activation of autoreactive B cells, but they skew B cell maturation towards different directions, with prolactin inducing T cell-dependent autoreactive follicular B cells and estrogen eliciting T cell-independent autoreactive marginal zone B cells. Differential modulation of the cytokine milieu by hormones may also affect the development and activation of specific mature B cell subsets. This novel insight suggests that targeted manipulation of these pathways may represent a promising avenue in the treatment of lupus and other gender-biased autoimmune diseases.  相似文献   
7.
Cell-free DNA (Cf-DNA) fragments may constitute an easy-to-measure molecular tool for guiding the choice of care provided to infertile couples who benefit assisted reproductive technology (ART) programmes. Data on Cf-DNA levels in the seminal plasma of men with sperm alterations are scarce. The objective of the present study was to quantify the presence of Cf-DNA in semen by using a quantitative real-time PCR. We compared men with abnormal sperm characteristics (n = 21) with normospermic controls (n = 21). The PCR assay evidenced significantly higher mean Cf-DNA levels in patients with sperm abnormalities than in controls (2.09 versus 1.18 µg/ml, respectively; p = .0003). The Cf-DNA levels were notably higher in men with azoospermia (3.65 µg/ml, versus 1.34 µg/ml in matched controls; p = .03) and men with teratozoospermia (1.80 µg/ml, versus 1.29 µg/ml in matched controls; p = .008). Our data report a significant association between elevated Cf-DNA levels and sperm abnormalities. These results may open up new diagnostic and prognostic perspectives in male infertility.  相似文献   
8.
Triki C  Feki I  Meziou M  Turki H  Zahaf A  Mhiri C 《Revue neurologique》2000,156(6-7):634-637
Ataxia telangiectasia is a multisystem disease with an autosomal recessive inheritance. It is characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, oculocutaneous telangiectasia, humoral and cellular immunodeficiencies and high incidence of neoplasia and radiosensitivity. A 5 year retrospective survey included 24 patients belonging to 17 families. Cerebellar ataxia was the first clinical symptom and was usually noticed when the child began to walk. Mean age of onset was 2.9+/-1.8 years. Oculocutaneous telangiectasia was present in 17 cases and appeared between 2 and 8 years and then spread in a characteristic symmetrical pattern. When ocular telangiectasia was absent (6 cases), the diagnostic of ataxia telangiectasia was retained on oculomotor apraxia (2 cases), recurrent sinopulmonary infections (3 cases) and/or a sib with typical ataxia telangiectasia (1 case). Recurrent sinopulmonary infections, absence or low serum level of IgA (78 p.100) and lymphopenia revealed immunodeficiency. Among 12 patients, chromosomal instability was observed in 5. Balanced rearrangements involving chromosomes 2, 7, 14, 22, 1, 3 and 11. The responsible gene, ATM, encodes a large protein kinase with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-like domain. Ataxia telangiectasia patients have a 100 fold higher risk of cancer than the general population. We reported, in the same family two patients who developed neoplasia, (lymphoma and leukemia). During follow-up, a progressive worsening was observed in all cases. Three patients have died.  相似文献   
9.
Gastro-intestinal stromal tumors are uncommon mesenchymal tumors. There are localized preferentially in the stomach. The rectal localization is exceedingly rare. Through a new case of rectal stromal tumour as well as a review of the literature, we propose to focus on clinical, radiological and therapeutic particularities of this rare entity.  相似文献   
10.
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