Use of sanative fibrobronchoscopy with controlled high-frequency pulmonary ventilation after operations on the thoracic organs

The authors developed a method of sanative fibrobronchoscopy with the use of directed high-frequency stream ventilation with oxygen. A total of 108 procedures were conducted in 64 patients for removal of pulmonary complications after operations on the thoracic organs. The positive results of the method were confirmed by authentic improvement of the indices of external respiration function and increase of blood pO2 by 102% on the average. No improvement of similar indices was encountered in patients of the control group, while the blood pO2 reduced by 13.4% on the average. It is concluded that the method is very effective and safe, as compared to the traditional method of sanative fibrobronchoscopy in patients after interventions on the thoracic organs.     

Development of the arthroplasty method in coxarthrosis

On the basis of analysis of surgical treatment of 753 patients with coxarthrosis during 1970-1987, the authors set forth the stages of arthroplasty development in the USSR, using the experience of the Kharkov research institute of orthopaedics and traumatology named after M. I. Sitenko on the problems of arthrodesis operations, endoprosthetics and biological arthroplasty. In the article are presented the peculiar features of diagnostic and surgical tactics in case of patients with idiopathic and dysplastic coxarthrosis; operation technique for each form is presented in details. The authors have developed a new perosseous access to the hip joint, which made a good showing and permits to preserve the integrity of periarticular muscles and neurovascular formations. Application of the given access made possible the extension of indications for arthroplasty in case of grave forms of coxarthrosis, met earlier in a reserved manner.     

Regulation of the water-electrolyte balance during neurosurgical operations with balanced anesthesia using sodium oxybutyrate]

Water-electrolyte homeostasis and its basic regulatory hormones have been studied in 36 patients with neurosurgical brain pathology during surgical interventions performed under balanced anesthesia (sodium hydroxybutyrate combined with NLA drugs). The study has revealed 3 types of reactions in hormones regulating water-electrolyte homeostasis: type I--a decrease in vasopressin (VP) concentration and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activity; type II--VP increase and RAAS activation; type III--an increase in VP content and RAAS disbalance. It has been shown that type I reaction is accompanied by marked osmotic disturbances. The impact of sodium hydroxybutyrate on RAAS is manifested in aldosterone secretion suppression.     

Role of the lungs in the regulation of the generation of active oxygen forms by leukocytes under normal and pathological conditions

Studies conducted in the clinic (in patients with cardiac diseases) and experiments (performed on intact dogs) by means of the hemiluminescent method and the nitroblue tetrazolium test showed that the lungs, in distinction to other organs (heart and others), have a stimulating effect on the generation of active oxygen forms (AOF) by the leukocytes. In this way the lungs may probably play a double role in the organism: potentiate its defence (by intensifying the microbicidal activity of the phagocytes) and facilitate damage (by secretion of AOF by the phagocytes beyond them--into the tissues); the resultant effect depends on the balance of these two types of action. In carcinoma of the lung the stimulating effect of its involved lobe (part) on the leukocytes diminishes.     

Quantitative evaluation of the degree of edema in edematous-infiltrative breast cancer

Water receptivity test after McClure-Aldrich was used to assess edema of the mammary gland affected by edematous-infiltrative carcinoma. Fifty-five patients with said pathology as well as 20 nodular carcinoma and 22 mastopathy patients in control were examined. Patients failing to respond to a combination of polychemo- hormono-therapy and irradiation showed the following pattern of test parameters: initial time of resolution of a blister produced by intradermal physiologic salt solution injection ranged 3-10 minutes. After treatment, it increased by less than 5 minutes or even decreased. An 81.8 +/- 8.2% remission rate was seen in patients in whom the said indexes were 11-50 minutes and a less than 5 minute increase, respectively. High predictive value of the test was confirmed mathematically.