社区干预对老年慢性支气管炎独居患者生活质量的影响

目的提高社区老年慢性支气管炎独居患者的生活质量.方法将70例老年慢性支气管炎独居患者随机分为对照组和干预组各35例.干预组采取社区健康干预,如疾病防治知识讲解、自我保健训练及干预人员(志愿者)与患者结对提供帮助与督促等;对照组未采取社区健康干预.于6个月后采用生活质量(QOL)测评表进行评估.结果干预组日常生活能力、社会活动能力、抑郁心理状态、焦虑心理状态及QOL总分显著优于对照组(均P<0.01).结论通过充分利用社区卫生资源为老年慢性支气管炎独居患者进行疾病防治的健康教育,可提高其生活质量.     

论医药卫生法学专业学生实务能力的培养

加强医药卫生法学专业学生实务能力的培养,是实现医药卫生法学专业培养目标的需要.在教学中,通过运用案例教学法、讨论式教学法,开展模拟法庭、第二课堂活动,组织临床见习、毕业实习等途径,培养即有法律知识又有医药卫生知识的复合型人才.     

双胎妊娠围生儿预后相关因素分析

目的　探讨双胎妊娠新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡的相关因素。方法　回顾分析 2 5 5例双胎妊娠新生儿Apgar评分、新生儿窒息、围生儿死亡与孕周、新生儿体重、分娩方式的关系。结果　双胎妊娠孕 37～ 39+ 6w组Apgar评分最高、新生儿窒息率最低 ,≥ 2 5 0 0g组Apgar评分最高 ,新生儿窒息率、围生儿死亡率最低。孕周、新生儿体重 4组比较差异均有非常显著性(P <0 0 1)。剖宫产组比阴道分娩组Apgar评分高 ,新生儿窒息率、围生儿死亡率均低 ,2组比较Apgar评分、围生儿死亡率差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。 2组比较新生儿窒息率差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 1)。结论　双胎妊娠估计每个胎儿体重≥ 2 5 0 0g时 ,宜选择 37～ 39+ 6w终止妊娠为宜。加强孕期、围生期保健 ,积极防治各种并发症 ,适当放宽剖宫产指征 ,避免早产 ,减少低体重儿出生 ,是降低双胎围生儿死亡率、改善其预后的重要措施。     

新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征肺表面活性物质治疗后肺氧合功能和尿量变化的观察

目的　探讨新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征 (RDS)予肺表面活性物质 (PS)治疗后的尿量变化及尿量与肺氧合功能的关系。方法　对新生儿重症监护病房 (NICU)行呼吸机治疗的 2 0例RDS患儿予血气监测及每小时尿量和入量监测。结果　观察组 (PS组 )最大尿量峰值出现于生后 6 0h ,与对照组比较有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。尿量 /入量比值PS组于生后 48h即大于 0 8,而对照组的上述比值大于 0 8出现于生后 6 0h。尿量与动脉 /肺泡氧分压比值 (PaO2 /PAO2 )有显著相关性 (r =0 7414,P <0 0 5 )。结论　RDS病程中随着尿量增加肺氧合功能改善 ,予PS治疗后利尿期最大尿量峰值增大 ,出现时间早 ,提示在PS治疗后更应该密切观察尿量变化 ,判断病情的恢复。     

关白附新工艺最佳技术参数优选

通过对关白附不同炮制品有效成分总生物碱、关附甲素及有毒成分次乌头碱含量测定,急性毒性实验,结合药典对关白附炮制品的法定标准要求(饮片表面特征、断面色泽、气味)及饮片收得率等指标考查,确定关白附新工艺技术参数为清蒸4小时为佳。     

Ultrasound-Enhanced Protective Effect of Tetramethylpyrazine via the ROS/HIF-1A Signaling Pathway in an in Vitro Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Model

Reactive oxygen species-induced oxidative stress is an important pathophysiological process during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It has been reported that the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) against cerebral I/R injury can be significantly improved by its combination with ultrasound exposure. However, the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways underlying the synergistic protective effect remain unclear. In the present work, the damage induced by I/R injury was modeled by glutamate-induced toxicity to pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. The ultrasound-enhanced protective effect of TMP was systemically investigated by measuring variations in cell viability, cell migration and levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species, the oxidative stress-related protein glutathione, apoptosis-related proteins (caspase-8, -9 and -3), as well as expression of related genes (hypoxia-inducible factor-1a, p53, murine double minute2). The results suggest that the ultrasound-enhanced protective effect of TMP against cerebral I/R injury might act via the reactive oxygen species/hypoxia-inducible factor-1a signaling pathway, and an appropriate ultrasound intensity should be selected to achieve an optimal synergistic neuroprotective effect.     

Study on the biodegradability of modified starch/polylactic acid (PLA) composite materials

In this work, polylactic acid/thermoplastic acetylated starch (PLA/TPAS) composites were prepared using PLA as a matrix material and TPAS as a modifier. TPAS is based on acetylated starch, which is plasticized using glycerin. Analysis of the mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties, and morphological structures of the PLA/TPAS composites shows that with an increase in the TPAS content, the toughness of the PLA/TPAS composites significantly improves. When the amount of TPAS added is 40% by weight, the elongation at break is increased 4 times. At the same time, the addition of TPAS has little effect on the thermal stability of the composites. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis results show that PLA is incompatible with TPAS. The addition of TPAS promotes the crystallization of PLA, resulting in a decrease in the thermal stability but limits the degradation behavior during the processing of the material, which has little effect on the performance of the material. High temperature and high humidity soil degradation and ultraviolet radiation aging experiments on PLA/TPAS composites show that the PLA/TPAS composites have good biodegradability. In soil burial degradation experiments, the degradation rate of the pure PLA material is slow, and its final mass retention rate is high. The PLA/TPAS composites degrade fast. In ultraviolet radiation aging experiments, the tensile strength of the PLA/TPAS composites was improved to a certain extent after exposure to ultraviolet radiation. With an increase in the ultraviolet irradiation time, the tensile properties of the PLA/TPAS composites gradually decreased.

In this work, polylactic acid/thermoplastic acetylated starch (PLA/TPAS) composites were prepared using PLA as a matrix material and TPAS as a modifier.     

ETCO2 waveforms-assisted awake nasal fibreoptic intubation

Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing - Awake fibreoptic intubation has always been considered the gold standard for expected difficult airway management. However, the use of fibreoptic...     

桃核承气汤对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠微炎症状态的影响

目的通过探索桃核承气汤对慢性肾功能衰竭大鼠的微炎症因子影响,从而阐明桃核承气汤治疗慢性肾衰竭（CRF）微炎症状态的机理。方法60只清洁级雄性SD大鼠,7周龄,体质量180～200g,随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、对照组、治疗组各12只。模型组、对照组与治疗组均采用国际5/6肾切除动物模型,行5/6肾切除手术;假手术组仅做双肾被膜剥离;空白组不行手术。术后连续给药56d后,用ELISA法检测CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、ALB含量,并行电镜观察肾脏组织超微结构。结果桃核承气汤组的CRP、TNF-α、IL-6含量,与模型组、对照组相比,均明显降低（P<0.05）;桃核承气汤组中ALB含量与模型组、对照组相比,有明显升高（P<0.05）。结论桃核承气汤抑制炎症因子CRP、TNF-α、IL-6的升高,升高与ALB含量,改善CRF肾间质纤维化,这可能是CRF发生的机制之一。     

棕榈酸帕利哌酮长效针剂联合认知行为干预治疗首发精神分裂症疗效观察

目的比较棕榈酸帕利哌酮长效针剂联合认知行为干预对首发精神分裂症患者的疗效和预后的影响,及治疗后外周血脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）水平的变化。方法将120例首发精神分裂症患者按随机数字表法分为棕榈酸帕利哌酮长效针剂联合认知行为干预组（联合治疗组）和单用棕榈酸帕利哌酮长效针剂组（单用药组）,每组各60例,进行为期12个月的治疗。评定两组患者治疗前（基线）及治疗后3、6、9、12个月的阳性和阴性症状量表（PANSS）、不良反应量表（TESS）、个人和社会功能评分（PSP）量表、用药满意度问卷（MSQ）,以评估疗效、安全性、社会功能和用药满意度,同时比较两组患者临床缓解率和复发率。采用酶联免疫法检测治疗前后外周血BDNF水平。结果联合治疗组临床缓解率为89.4%,高于单用药组的69.6%（P＜0.05）;复发率为1.8%,低于单用药组的7.1%（P＜0.05）;联合治疗组治疗后不同时点PANSS和PSP评分改善均优于单用药组（均P＜0.05）;两组患者治疗后BDNF水平均显著升高,但是联合组用药BDNF水平升高更多。两组患者TESS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,联合治疗组不同时点MSQ评分均优于单用药组（均P＜0.05）。结论棕榈酸帕利哌酮长效针剂联合认知行为干预能明显提高精神分裂症患者的临床缓解率,降低复发率,能安全有效地用于精神分裂症的维持治疗,并且显著提高患者外周血BDNF水平。