Overview on the prevalence and impact of migraine

Migraine is a highly prevalent headache disorder that has a substantial impact on the individual and society. Over the past decade, substantial advances in research have increased understanding of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, epidemiology, and treatment of the disorder. This article reviews the burden of migraine, emphasizing the population-based studies that used standardized diagnostic criteria.     

Calcitonin gene-related peptide immunreaktive Nervenfasern in der Dura mater encephali der Ratte

In this paper morphological and physiological experiments are described that refer to the concept of neurogenic inflammation of meningeal structures as a putative source of migrainous pain and other headaches. The main emphasis of this study carried out on the duramater encephali of the rat was the functional role of calcitonin generelated peptide (CGRP), a vasodilatory neuropeptide of fine afferent nerve fibres. Immunocytochemical preparations showed that the parietal dura mater was densely innervated by CGRP immunoreactive nerve fibres, the distribution and ultrastructure of which were examined by ligh and electron microscopy. The dense innervation around the medial meningeal artery suggested a vasomotor function of these peptidergic fibres. In further experiments the CGRP immune product of the nerve fibres could be diminished by electrical stimulation of the dura mater. Extracellular recordings from trigeminal ganglion cells showed that electrical and mechanical stimulation of large dural vessels activate trigeminal afferents. In a final series of experiments the dural blood flow around branches of the medial meningeal artery was measured with a laser Doppler flowmeter. The blood flow was increased by electrical stimulation of the dura, the size of this effect depending on stimulus strength and frequency. This increase was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the competitive CGRP antagonist CGRP(8-37), which shows an involvement of CGRP in the regulation of meningeal blood flow. We conclude that stimulation of trigeminal afferents innervating the dura mater releases CGRP from peptidergic afferent terminals, thereby causing vasodilatation and increasing the meningeal blood flow, an important component of neurogenic inflammation. The preparation decribed will be used for further studies on basic mechanisms of neurogenic inflammation and nociception in meningeal structures.     

Modulation of ghrelin axis influences the growth of colonic and prostatic cancer cells in vitro

BackgroundThe risk of different cancers seems to be associated with obesity. Moreover, low ghrelin levels observed in obese people may be implicated in cancer development and progression. The aim of this study was to examine the direct effects of both forms of ghrelin (acylated and unacylated) and ghrelin receptor type 1a antagonist (D-Lys-GHRP-6) on the growth of murine colon cancer MC38 and human prostate cancer DU145 cell lines in vitro.MethodsThe cells were cultured for 72 h in the presence of rat or human acylated ghrelin (rG, hG), human unacylated ghrelin (hUAG), D-Lys-GHRP-6 (GHS-RA) applied either alone or jointly. The cell line growth was assessed by the colorimetric Mosmann method.ResultshUAG (10^?6, 10^?7 and 10^?10 M) inhibited MC38 cancer cell growth and, at some concentrations (10^?8, 10^?9, 10^?10 M), enhanced the antineoplastic effect of GHS-RA (10^?4 M). In turn, GHS-RA evoked a biphasic effect on MC38 cancer growth: inhibitory at 10^?4 M and stimulatory at 10^?5 and 10^?6 M. Moreover, GHS-RA at the highest examined concentration (10^?4 M) enhanced the cytostatic effect of FU. Human acylated and unacylated ghrelin and GHS-RA inhibited DU145 cancer growth with moderate and different potencies. A dose-response effect was observed for the inhibitory action of hG together with the synergistic effect of hUAG and GHS-RA.ConclusionThe obtained results indicate an involvement of the ghrelin axis in the growth regulation of colon and prostate cancers and may suggest new therapeutic options for these neoplasms.     

四项检测指标对类风湿关节炎的临床诊断价值

目的探讨抗环瓜氨酸肽(CCP)抗体、类风湿因子(RF)、高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)和红细胞沉降率(ESR)检测对类风湿关节炎的临床诊断价值。方法检测75例类风湿性关节炎(RA)患者、45例非RA的风湿病患者和30例健康体检者的血清hs-CRP、ESR、抗CCP抗体和RF水平;比较抗CCP抗体和RF敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值和阴性预示值;测定RA患者的实验室指标。结果RA组和非RA组抗CCP抗体、RF、hs-CRP、ESR明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01);RA组抗CCP抗体和RF水平均高于非RA组(P<0.05),而RA组的hs-CRP和ESR水平与非RA组无明显差异(P>0.05);两者联合检测的特异性和阳性预测值均明显高于单独检测(P<0.05);抗CCP抗体阳性的RA患者CRP、ESR均高于阴性者(P<0.05)。结论 联合检测抗CCP抗体和RF有利于提高RA检测的特异性,对RA的早期诊断有意义;抗CCP抗体对疾病活动的判断有重要意义。     

肝肾联合切取对移值肾功能恢复的影响及其对策

目的 探讨肝肾联合切取对移植肾近期肾功能的影响。方法 比较52例肝肾联合切取供肾肾移植受和118例单独肾脏切取供肾肾移植受近期肾功能的差异。结果 肝肾联合切取肾移植受术后第1天尿量平均为8491mL，术后第4天血肌酐平均为298μmol／L；肾脏单独切取受分别为10898mL和181μmol／L，两有显性差异。结论 肝肾联合切取影响供肾质量，肝肾联合切取时应注意保护供肾。     

傅青主保产无忧散的临床应用进展

为了解傅青主保产无忧散的临床应用情况，本文从傅青主保产无忧散的起源、药理作用、临床研究等方面对保产无忧散进行梳理分析，发现保产无忧散有养血、益气、理气的作用。临床上具有防治难产，治疗多种原因导致的先兆流产、早产，可将晚期妊娠臀位、横位转为头位以利于阴道分娩，对过期妊娠有一定的催引产效果，对于妊娠期特发性黄疸、肝功能异常等妊娠期并发症有防治作用，还可用于治疗胃脘痛，配合针刺促卵泡发育治疗女性不孕症，值得进一步研究。