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Adam J. Singer MD Steve A. McClain MD Alexander Romanov DVM Jean Rooney BS Tom Zimmerman DVM 《Academic emergency medicine》2007,14(12):1125-1129
Objectives Cutaneous burns are dynamic injuries with a central zone of necrosis surrounded by a zone of ischemia. Conversion of this ischemic zone to full necrosis over the days following injury is due in part to highly reactive oxygen radicals. Curcumin is a component of the Oriental spice turmeric that has been shown to have antioxidant and antiapoptotic properties. The authors hypothesized that treatment of burns with curcumin would reduce the conversion of the ischemic zone to full necrosis. Methods This was a randomized controlled experiment. Twenty Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. Two burns were created on each animal's dorsum using a brass comb with four rectangular prongs preheated in boiling water and applied for 30 seconds, resulting in four rectangular 10 × 20–mm full‐thickness burns separated by three 5 × 20–mm unburned interspaces (zone of ischemia). Animals were randomized to curcumin or vehicle by oral gavage 30 minutes before injury and at 24, 48, and 72 hours after injury. Wounds were observed at one, two, and three days after injury for visual evidence of necrosis in the unburned interspaces. Full‐thickness biopsy specimens from the interspaces were evaluated with hematoxylin and eosin staining seven days after injury for evidence of necrosis. The percentage of interspaces that progressed to necrosis was compared with chi‐square tests. Results Forty comb burns with 120 unburned interspaces were created, evenly distributed between curcumin and vehicle alone. The percentage of interspaces that progressed to full‐thickness necrosis at one, two, three, and seven days after injury in the curcumin and vehicle groups were 30% versus 63% (p = 0.003), 30% versus 70% (p < 0.001), 63% versus 95% (p = 0.02), and 63% versus 95% (p = 0.02), respectively. Conclusions Pretreatment of rats with oral curcumin followed by once‐daily oral treatment for three days reduced the percentage of unburned skin interspaces that progressed to full necrosis. 相似文献
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Digital radiography of subtle pulmonary abnormalities: an ROC study of the effect of pixel size on observer performance 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Forty conventional radiographs with examples of mild interstitial infiltrates and subtle pneumothoraces and 40 normal studies of the chest were selected and digitized, with pixel sizes of 1.0, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 mm. Observer performance tests were carried out using receiver operating characteristic analysis. Conventional radiographs and digitized images were compared. The results indicate that, in such cases, diagnostic accuracy increases significantly as the pixel size is reduced, at least to the 0.1-mm level. We conclude that, for digital systems using screen-film or similar image receptors, use of a pixel size substantially larger than 0.1 mm may result in some loss of diagnostic accuracy. 相似文献
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Trevor McClain Griffitts Chad Patrick Collins Patrick Charles Collins 《Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, and endodontics》2005,100(5):e81-e84
OBJECTIVE: This article examines the success of mini-dental implants (MDI'S) by assessing four subjective measures of patient satisfaction for MDI's in the edentulous maxilla and mandible: comfort, retention, chewing ability and speaking ability. Success rates, surgical techniques, and financial advantages of the MDI's are reviewed. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty consecutive patients received four MDI's between the mental foramen of the mandible from 9/18/2003 to 10/22/2004. Questionnaires were sent to all thirty patients an average of 5 months postoperatively. The patients ranked comfort, retention, chewing ability, and speaking ability from 1 to 10 (1=poor and 10=excellent). RESULTS: A total of 116 MDI's were placed in 13 months and 113 remain stable for a 97.4% implant success rate. Pre-operatively patients rated their retention at 1.7+/-0.42 and post-operatively at 9.6+/-0.37, for a difference of 7.9 (p=3.6-19). Comfort was the next greatest improvement, with a pre-operative rating of 2.2+/-0.63 and a post-operative rating of 9.4+/-0.45, for a difference of 7.2 (p=3.5-15). Chewing ability also improved, with a difference of 7.0 (p=2.9e-16). In the final category of speaking ability, the pre-operative to post-operative difference was 3.2 (p=1.1e-5). CONCLUSION: MDI's are a highly successful implant option for patients with poor tolerance to maxillary and mandibular prosthesis. The implants are relatively affordable and overall patient satisfaction is excellent. 相似文献
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PL Macken FRACO FRACS CJ Pavlin FRCS R Tuli MD GE Trope PhD FRCS 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1995,23(3):217-220
Background: Spherophakia is an uncommon diagnosis. This is the first case report of spherophakia evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy.
Methods: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a new diagnostic technique developed by one of the authors and provides images with microscopic resolution of the anterior segment. A patient with spherophakia was evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy (Zeiss-Humphrey, 50MHz) before and after YAG laser iridotomy.
Results: Ultrasound biomicroscopic assessment revealed a shallow anterior chamber, a very steep anterior lens curvature, iridolenticular contact, elongated zonules, and an increased distance between the lens equator and the ciliary processes. Angle closure glaucoma was due to a pupil block mechanism. The pupil block was relieved by YAG laser iridotomy.
Conclusions: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful technique to confirm the diagnosis of spherophakia. The pupil block in spherophakia is relieved by YAG laser iridotomy. 相似文献
Methods: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a new diagnostic technique developed by one of the authors and provides images with microscopic resolution of the anterior segment. A patient with spherophakia was evaluated by ultrasound biomicroscopy (Zeiss-Humphrey, 50MHz) before and after YAG laser iridotomy.
Results: Ultrasound biomicroscopic assessment revealed a shallow anterior chamber, a very steep anterior lens curvature, iridolenticular contact, elongated zonules, and an increased distance between the lens equator and the ciliary processes. Angle closure glaucoma was due to a pupil block mechanism. The pupil block was relieved by YAG laser iridotomy.
Conclusions: Ultrasound biomicroscopy is a useful technique to confirm the diagnosis of spherophakia. The pupil block in spherophakia is relieved by YAG laser iridotomy. 相似文献
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Ben F. Brammell J. Scott McClain James T. Oris David J. Price Wesley J. Birge Adria A. Elskus 《Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology》2010,58(3):772-782
It has become increasingly apparent that resident fish can develop resistance to chemicals in their environment, thus compromising
their usefulness as sentinels of site-specific pollution. By using a stream system whose resident fish appear to have developed
pollutant resistance (Brammell et al., Mar Environ Res 58:251–255, 2005), we tested the hypothesis that the pollutant-inducible biomarker, cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A), as measured in field-caged
juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), would reflect relative pollution differences between reference and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-contaminated sites. Trout
were caged in the Town Branch/Mud River system (Logan County, KY), a stream system undergoing remediation for PCBs. Fish were
held in remediated (Town Branch), unremeditated (Mud River), and reference sites for 2 weeks during spring 2002. At the end
of this period, gill and hepatic CYP1A expression were measured. To evaluate the relative PCB exposure of caged trout and
provide a reference point against which to calibrate CYP1A response, PCB levels were quantified in sediments from each site.
Hepatic CYP1A expression in caged trout clearly detected the presence of PCBs in the Town Branch/Mud River stream system.
Sediment PCB levels and hepatic CYP1A expression in caged trout produced identical pollution rankings for the study sites.
Gill CYP1A expression, although suggestive of site differences, was not statistically different among sites. Unlike resident
fish, which failed to show site differences in hepatic CYP1A expression in this waterway (Brammell et al. 2005), caged fish proved to be a sensitive discriminator of relative PCB contamination in this system. In summary, we determined
that CYP1A expression in caged fish reflected relative in situ pollutant exposure. The exposure paradigm confirmed that 2 weeks
was a sufficient caging period for evaluating CYP1A response in this species at these temperatures (13–19°C). In addition,
these studies demonstrate that tissue-specific CYP1A expression can provide insights into likely routes of exposure. We conclude
that CYP1A expression in caged trout is a reliable and inexpensive first-pass determination of relative environmental pollutant
exposure and bioavailability in aqueous systems. 相似文献
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