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1.
2.
Summary Primary presentation of an intradural Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is rare. Recently these B cell lymphomas of mucosa associated
lymphoid tissue (MALT) have gained acceptance as an important pathological subtype and are distinguishable from other primary
CNS lymphomas that exhibit aggressive behaviour. Over the past decade a number of these lesions have been reported to resemble
a meningioma both intra-operatively and radiologically. The authors outline such a case of marginal zone B cell lymphoma that
clinically and radiologically resembled a meningioma. This case illustrates the rare occurrence of low grade dural B cell
lymphoma and the need to consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of CNS lesions, if appropriate targeted therapy
is to be administered. 相似文献
3.
Genetically-determined interaction between propafenone and low dose quinidine: role of active metabolites in modulating net drug effect. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
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C Funck-Brentano H K Kroemer H Pavlou R L Woosley D M Roden 《British journal of clinical pharmacology》1989,27(4):435-444
1. Quinidine is a potent inhibitor of the genetically-determined debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation. Oxidation reactions of several other drugs, including the 5-hydroxylation of the new antiarrhythmic drug propafenone, depend on the isozyme responsible for debrisoquine 4-hydroxylation. 2. The effect of quinidine on the debrisoquine phenotype-dependent 5-hydroxylation and the pharmacological activity of propafenone was studied in seven 'extensive' metabolizers and two 'poor' metabolizers of the drug receiving propafenone for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias. 3. In patients with the extensive metabolizer phenotype, quinidine increased mean steady-state plasma propafenone concentrations more than two fold, from 408 +/- 351 (mean +/- s.d.) to 1096 +/- 644 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.001), decreased 5-hydroxypropafenone concentrations from 242 +/- 196 to 125 +/- 97 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.02) and reduced propafenone oral clearance by 58 +/- 23%. 4. Despite these changes in plasma concentrations, electrocardiographic intervals and arrhythmia frequency were unaltered by quinidine coadministration, indicating that 5-hydroxypropafenone contributes to the pharmacologic effects of propafenone therapy in extensive metabolizers. 5. In contrasts, plasma concentrations of propafenone and 5-hydroxypropafenone remained unchanged in the two patients with the poor metabolizer phenotype. 6. Biotransformation of substrates for the debrisoquine pathway can be markedly perturbed by even low doses of quinidine; interindividual variability in drug interactions may have a genetic component. 相似文献
4.
The therapeutic antibodies market to 2008. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Alex K Pavlou Mark J Belsey 《European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics》2005,59(3):389-396
The therapeutic biologics market is currently dominated by recombinant protein products. However, many of these products are mature, and growth of the biologics market will increasingly rely on the expansion of the therapeutic monoclonal antibody sector. Successive technology waves have driven the growth of the monoclonal antibody sector, which is currently dominated by chimeric antibodies. Chimeric products, led by Remicade and Rituxan, will continue to drive market share through to 2008. However, over the forecast period, humanized and fully human monoclonal antibodies, together with technologies such as Fabs and conjugated antibodies, will play an increasingly important role, driving monoclonal antibody market growth at a forecast compound annual growth rate of 20.9%, to reach $16.7 billion by 2008. In terms of therapeutic focus, the monoclonal antibody market is heavily focused on oncology and arthritis, immune and inflammatory disorders, and products within these therapeutic areas are set to continue to be the key growth drivers over the forecast period. Underlying the growth of the market is the evolution of the monoclonal antibody company business model, set to transition towards the highly successful innovator model. 相似文献
5.
6.
Pavlou SN 《Références en gynécologie obstétrique》1993,1(4):312-318
Male contraception is still an unresolved problem because scientists do not yet clearly understand spermatogenesis, particularly hormonal regulation and identification of growth factors responsible for spermatozoa development. Suppression of luteinizing hormone and of follicle stimulating hormone is a possible approach. Yet, it takes 60 days to achieve azoospermia and it is necessary to substitute an androgen. Despite the fact that many trials using steroids (androgens, progestins and androgens) or a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist with androgens have been conducted, not every subject achieves azoospermia. Initial trials of GnRH antagonists in association with testosterone enanthate show that this combination achieved azoospermia in almost all subjects. This approach must be improved by developing long acting antagonists and a more physiological testosterone substitution. Another approach, which inhibits reversible secretion of gonadotropins, leans toward the production of an anti-GnRH vaccine. So far, studies have not produced acceptable results, despite a reduction in the production of spermatids. No animal achieves azoospermia. Isolation and cloning of human sperm surface glycoproteins would lead to another type of contraceptive vaccine. This antigen would prevent sperm from joining with the egg. 相似文献
7.
8.
Euthyroid sick syndrome in acute ischemic syndromes 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
The purposes of this study were to assess the occurrence of euthyroid sick syndrome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or unstable angina (UA), and the relationship with beta-blocker or thrombolytic therapy. Plasma triiodothyronine (T3), reverse T3 (rT3), free T3 (FT3), thyroxine (T4), free T4 (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), and albumin (ALB) levels were determined in 95 patients (59 males, 36 females, aged 58.4+/-9) with AMI and 19 patients (13 males, 6 females aged 54.7+/-12.3) with UA for 5 consecutive days from the onset of the acute syndrome and 1 month later. Patients were divided according to beta-blocker therapy and thrombolytic therapy. There was a significant T3 decrease and rT3 increase in all patients during the first 5 days following admission (p < 0.05). FT3 and FT4 remained unchanged during the study. In patients with complicated infarctions, the rT3 increase and the T3 decrease were significantly greater compared to those with uncomplicated infarctions (p<0.03). TSH, T4, TBG, and ALB were significantly (p<0.05) decreased only in complicated infarctions. No differences were observed between patients with or without thrombolysis or patients with or without beta-blocker treatment. The apparent decrease in T3, the increase in rT3 levels and the decreased TSH and T4 levels, show clearly that the euthyroid sick syndrome (low T3) occurs not only in AMI but also in UA. In addition, these hormonal changes are not affected by beta-blocker therapy and thrombolysis does not influence the occurrence of the syndrome. The degree of T3 decrease is proportional to the severity of cardiac damage and may have a possible prognostic value. 相似文献
9.
L A Kolp S N Pavlou R J Urban J C Rivier W W Vale J D Veldhuis 《The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism》1992,75(4):993-997
In both the rodent and primate, administration of progesterone elicits an acute surge-like release of LH in the setting of prior estrogen treatment. Whether these facilitative effects of estrogen and progesterone on gonadotropin secretion reside at pituitary or hypothalamic loci is not known. To further investigate the mechanisms by which estrogen combined with progesterone amplifies gonadotropin secretion, we studied the responses of seven estrogen-primed postmenopausal women to progesterone administration with or without cotreatment with a potent GnRH antagonist, [Ac-D2Nal1,D4ClPhe2,D3Pal3,Arg5,DGlu6(AA), DAla10]GnRH. Repetitive blood sampling for the later measurement of serum concentrations of LH, FSH, and PRL was begun 4 h before the administration of progesterone and continued for 36 h. We observed that progesterone administration after 72 h of priming with ethinyl estradiol resulted in a surge-like release of LH and FSH in all subjects. Concomitant administration of the GnRH antagonist abolished the surge-like release of both gonadotropins in all subjects. In contrast, administration of the antagonist had no effect on PRL release. These results indicate that endogenous GnRH action is an obligatory component of the progesterone-induced surge-like release of both gonadotropic hormones in the estrogen-primed human. 相似文献
10.
Self-neglect in older adults is an increasingly prevalent, poorly understood problem, crossing both the medical and social
arenas, with public health implications. Although lacking a standardized definition, self-neglect is characterized by profound
inattention to health and hygiene. In light of the aging demographic, physicians of all specialties will increasingly encounter
self-neglectors. We outline here practical strategies for the clinician, and suggestions for the researcher. Clinical evaluation
should include attention to medical history, cognition, function, social networks, psychiatric screen and environment. The
individual’s capacity is often questioned, and interventions are case-based. More research is needed in basic epidemiology
and risk factors of the problem, so that targeted interventions may be designed and tested. The debate of whether self-neglect
is a medical versus societal problem remains unresolved, yet as health sequelae are part of the syndrome, physicians should
be part of the solution. 相似文献