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1.
Majken T. Wingo Jill M. Huber Jason H. Szostek Shari L. Bornstein Jason A. Post Karen F. Mauck Mark L. Wieland 《The American journal of medicine》2021,134(7):854-859
In a time of rapidly shifting evidence-based medicine, it is challenging to stay informed of research that modifies clinical practice. To enhance knowledge of practice-changing literature, a group of 7 internists reviewed titles and abstracts in 7 internal medicine journals with the highest impact factors and relevance to outpatient general internal medicine. Coronavirus disease-19 research was purposely excluded to highlight practice changes beyond the pandemic. New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM), The Lancet, Annals of Internal Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), JAMA Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal (BMJ), and Public Library of Science (PLoS) Medicine were reviewed. The following collections of article synopses and databases were also reviewed: American College of Physicians Journal Club, NEJM Journal Watch, BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, McMaster/DynaMed Evidence Alerts, and Cochrane Reviews. A modified Delphi method was used to gain consensus based on relevance to outpatient internal medicine, impact on practice, and strength of evidence. Clusters of articles pertaining to the same topic were considered together. In total, 7 practice-changing articles were included. 相似文献
2.
Objective: To analyse possible associations between men’s likelihood of contacting a general practitioner (GP) for urological symptoms and the persistence of the symptoms, the influence on daily activities and the level of concern about the symptoms.Design: Web-based nationwide cross-sectional questionnaire study.Setting: The general population in Denmark.Subjects: 48,910 randomly selected men aged 20+ years.Main outcome measures: Urological symptom prevalence and odds ratios for GP contact with urological symptoms in regard to concern for the symptom, influence on daily activities and the persistence of the symptom.Results: Some 23,240 men responded to the questionnaire, yielding a response rate of 49.8%. The prevalence of at least one urological symptom was 59.9%. Among men experiencing at least one urological symptom almost one-fourth reported contact to general practice regarding the symptom. Approximately half of the symptoms reported to be extremely concerning were discussed with a GP.Conclusion: Increased symptom concern, influence on daily activities and long-term persistence increased the likelihood of contacting a GP with urological symptoms. This research points out that guidelines for PSA testing might be challenged by the high prevalence of urological symptoms.
- Key points
?The decision process of whether to contact the general practitioner (GP) is influenced by different factors, but contradictory results has been found in triggers and barriers for help-seeking with urological symptoms.
??Increased symptom concern, influence on daily activities and long-term persistence consistently increased the likelihood of contacting a general practitioner with urological symptoms in men.
??Only 50% of the symptoms reported to be extremely concerning were however discussed with the GP.
??Guidelines for PSA testing might be challenged by the high prevalence of urological symptoms.
3.
Sylvia H. Ley Qi Sun Monik C. Jimenez Kathryn M. Rexrode JoAnn E. Manson Majken K. Jensen Eric B. Rimm Frank B. Hu 《Diabetologia》2014,57(1):93-101
Aims/hypothesis
The benefits of moderate alcohol consumption for type 2 diabetes have been postulated to involve a mechanism of improved insulin sensitivity. Fetuin-A, which is known to inhibit insulin signalling, has emerged as a biomarker for diabetes risk. Alcohol consumption may influence circulating fetuin-A concentrations and subsequently diabetes risk by altering the insulin signal. We therefore hypothesised that moderate alcohol consumption would be associated with lower fetuin-A concentration and that fetuin-A would partly explain the association between alcohol consumption and incident type 2 diabetes.Methods
Among diabetes-free female participants in the Nurses’ Health Study (n?=?1,331), multiple linear regression was conducted to assess the association between alcohol consumption and plasma fetuin-A. Least-squares means (lsmeans) of fetuin-A were estimated in categories of alcohol consumption (0, 0.1–4.9, 5–14.9 and ≥15 g/day). The proportion of alcohol consumption and diabetes association explained by baseline fetuin-A was assessed in 470 matched incident diabetes case–control pairs with follow-up 2000–2006.Results
Higher alcohol consumption was associated with lower plasma fetuin-A (p for trend?=?0.009): lsmean ± SE 476.5?±?5.9 μg/ml for abstainers, 468.9?±?5.2 μg/ml for 0.1–4.9 g/day consumers, 455.9?±?7.0 μg/ml for 5.0–14.9 g/day consumers, and 450.0?±?9.4 μg/ml for ≥15.0 g/day consumers. Fetuin-A and fasting insulin explained 18.4% and 54.8%, respectively, of the inverse association between alcohol consumption and diabetes after multiple adjustment (both p for contribution <0.04).Conclusions/interpretation
Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with lower plasma fetuin-A in diabetes-free women. Fetuin-A and insulin explain a significant proportion of the association between alcohol consumption and incident type 2 diabetes. Further studies are needed to examine potential biological mechanisms underlying this association. 相似文献4.
Kim J Villadsen R Sørlie T Fogh L Grønlund SZ Fridriksdottir AJ Kuhn I Rank F Wielenga VT Solvang H Edwards PA Børresen-Dale AL Rønnov-Jessen L Bissell MJ Petersen OW 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2012,109(16):6124-6129
The majority of human breast cancers exhibit luminal epithelial differentiation. However, most aggressive behavior, including invasion and purported cancer stem cell activity, are considered characteristics of basal-like cells. We asked the following questions: Must luminal-like breast cancer cells become basal-like to initiate tumors or to invade? Could luminally differentiated cells within a basally initiated hierarchy also be tumorigenic? To answer these questions, we used rare and mutually exclusive lineage markers to isolate subsets of luminal-like and basal-like cells from human breast tumors. We enriched for populations with or without prominent basal-like traits from individual tumors or single cell cloning from cell lines and recovered cells with a luminal-like phenotype. Tumor cells with basal-like traits mimicked phenotypic and functional behavior associated with stem cells assessed by gene expression, mammosphere formation and lineage markers. Luminal-like cells without basal-like traits, surprisingly, were fully capable of initiating invasive tumors in NOD SCID gamma (NSG) mice. In fact, these phenotypically pure luminal-like cells generated larger and more invasive tumors than their basal-like counterparts. The tumorigenicity and invasive potential of the luminal-like cancer cells relied strongly on the expression of the gene GCNT1, which encodes a key glycosyltransferase controlling O-glycan branching. These findings demonstrate that basal-like cells, as defined currently, are not a requirement for breast tumor aggressiveness, and that within a single tumor there are multiple “stem-like” cells with tumorigenic potential casting some doubt on the hypothesis of hierarchical or differentiative loss of tumorigenicity. 相似文献
5.
6.
Anne Marie Vinggaard Sofie Christiansen Peter Laier Mette Erecius Poulsen Vibeke Breinholt Kirsten Jarfelt Helene Jacobsen Majken Dalgaard Christine Nellemann Ulla Hass 《Toxicological sciences》2005,85(2):886-897
Prochloraz is a commonly used fungicide that has shown multiple mechanisms of action in vitro. It antagonizes the androgen and the estrogen receptors, agonizes the Ah receptor, and inhibits aromatase activity. In vivo prochloraz acts antiandrogenically in the Hershberger assay by reducing weights of reproductive organs, affecting androgen-regulated gene expressions, and increasing luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. The purpose of this study was to investigate reproductive toxic effects after exposure during gestation and lactation to prochloraz alone and a mixture of five pesticides (deltamethrin, methiocarb, prochloraz, simazine, and tribenuron-methyl). Prochloraz (30 mg/kg/day) or the mixture (20 mg/kg/day) was dosed to pregnant Wistar dams from gestational day (GD) 7 until postnatal day (PND) 16. Some dams were taken for cesarean section at GD 21, and others were allowed to give birth. Results showed that prochloraz and the mixture significantly reduced plasma and testicular testosterone levels in GD 21 male fetuses, whereas testicular progesterone was increased. Gestational length was increased by prochloraz. Chemical analysis of the rat breast milk showed that prochloraz was transferred to the milk. In males a significant increase of nipple retention was found, and the bulbourethral gland weight was decreased, whereas other reproductive organs were unaffected. In addition cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A activities in livers were induced by prochloraz, possibly as a result of Ah receptor activation. Behavioral studies showed that the activity level and sweet preference of adult males were significantly increased. Overall these results strongly indicate that prochloraz feminizes the male offspring after perinatal exposure, and that these effects are due, at least in part, to diminished fetal steroidogenesis. 相似文献
7.
Neil Osheroff Anita H. Corbett Sarah H. Elsea Majken Westergaard 《Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology》1994,34(Z1):S19-S25
Topoisomerase II is the primary cellular target for a variety of antineoplastic drugs that are active against human cancers. These drugs exert their cytotoxic effects by stabilizing covalent topoisomerase II-cleaved DNA complexes that are fleeting intermediates in the catalytic cycle of the enzyme. Despite this common feature of drug action, a number of mechanistic differences between drug classes have been described. These mechanistic differences (including effects on DNA cleavage/religation, DNA strand passage, and adenosine triphosphate hydrolysis) were used as the basis for a series of competition experiments to determine whether different compounds share a common site of action on topoisomerase II or interact at distinct sites. Results of the present study strongly suggest that at least four structurally disparate antineoplastic drugs, etoposide, amsacrine, genistein, and the quinolone CP-115,953, share an overlapping interaction domain on the enzyme.Paper presented at the Topoisomerase Inhibitors Conference, University of Maryland Cancer Center, 27–30 October 1993, Monterey, California, USA. Supported in part by Bristol Myers Oncology Division 相似文献
8.
Johansen D Andersen PK Jensen MK Schnohr P Grønbaek M;Copenhagen City Heart Study 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》2003,27(8):1305-1309
BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the blood can be used as a marker of recent alcohol intake. However, before using HDL-C as a predictor of alcoholism, the relation between alcohol intake and HDL-C in the entire range of consumption must be explored. Most studies model the relation between alcohol intake and HDL-C linearly, although a threshold effect is expected. The objective of this study was to evaluate the shape of the relation between intake of alcohol and HDL-C and to determine whether there are differential effects of beer, wine, and spirits on HDL-C and whether they remain after adjusting for total alcohol. METHOD: The relation between alcohol intake and HDL-C was investigated by means of generalized additive models using data from the Copenhagen City Heart Study. RESULTS: A nonlinear effect of alcohol improved the model fit significantly, and the nonlinearity of alcohol was highly significant in both men and women. The relation was concave: HDL-C was stable in men and women who drank more than approximately 35 and 20 drinks per week, respectively. We found a significant nonlinear term of wine on HDL-C in men after adjustment for total alcohol intake. CONCLUSIONS: There was a concave relation between alcohol intake and HDL-C, indicating a threshold effect of alcohol on HDL-C. The association between wine and HDL-C in men after adjusting for total alcohol intake may be due to residual lifestyle confounding. 相似文献
9.
Nina Roswall Zorana Jovanovic Andersen My von Euler-Chelpin Ilse Vejborg Elsebeth Lynge Steen Solvang Jensen Ole Raaschou-Nielsen Anne Tjønneland Mette Sørensen 《Cancer causes & control : CCC》2018,29(4-5):399-404
Objectives
Traffic is the most important source of community noise, and it has been proposed to be associated with a range of disease outcomes, including breast cancer. As mammographic breast density (MD) is one of the strongest risk factors for developing breast cancer, the present study investigated whether there is an association between residential exposure to traffic noise and MD in a Danish cohort.Methods
We included women with reproductive and lifestyle information available from the Diet, Cancer, and Health cohort, who also participated in the Copenhagen Mammography Screening Programme (n?=?5,260). Present and historical addresses from 1987 to 2011 were found in national registries, and traffic noise was modeled 5 years before mammogram. Analyses between residential traffic noise and MD were performed using logistic regression.Results
We found no association between residential road and railway noise exposure 5 years before mammogram, and having a mixed/dense versus a fatty mammogram, and no interaction with menopausal status, BMI, HRT use, and railway noise exposure, for analyses on road traffic noise.Conclusion
The present study does not suggest an association between residential traffic noise exposure and subsequent MD in a cohort of middle-aged Danish women.10.
Ferrari P Jenab M Norat T Moskal A Slimani N Olsen A Tjønneland A Overvad K Jensen MK Boutron-Ruault MC Clavel-Chapelon F Morois S Rohrmann S Linseisen J Boeing H Bergmann M Kontopoulou D Trichopoulou A Kassapa C Masala G Krogh V Vineis P Panico S Tumino R van Gils CH Peeters P Bueno-de-Mesquita HB Ocké MC Skeie G Lund E Agudo A Ardanaz E López DC Sanchez MJ Quirós JR Amiano P Berglund G Manjer J Palmqvist R Van Guelpen B Allen N Key T Bingham S Mazuir M Boffetta P Kaaks R Riboli E 《International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer》2007,121(9):2065-2072
Alcohol consumption may be associated with risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the epidemiological evidence for an association with specific anatomical subsites, types of alcoholic beverages and current vs. lifetime alcohol intake is inconsistent. Within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC), 478,732 study subjects free of cancer at enrolment between 1992 and 2000 were followed up for an average of 6.2 years, during which 1,833 CRC cases were observed. Detailed information on consumption of alcoholic beverages at baseline (all cases) and during lifetime (1,447 CRC cases, 69% of the cohort) was collected from questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the alcohol-CRC association. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, lifetime alcohol intake was significantly positively associated to CRC risk (hazard ratio, HR=1.08, 95%CI=1.04-1.12 for 15 g/day increase), with higher cancer risks observed in the rectum (HR=1.12, 95%CI=1.06-1.18) than distal colon (HR=1.08, 95%CI=1.01-1.16), and proximal colon (HR=1.02, 95%CI=0.92-1.12). Similar results were observed for baseline alcohol intake. When assessed by alcoholic beverages at baseline, the CRC risk for beer (HR=1.38, 95%CI=1.08-1.77 for 20-39.9 vs. 0.1-2.9 g/day) was higher than wine (HR=1.21, 95%CI=1.02-1.44), although the two risk estimates were not significantly different from each other. Higher HRs for baseline alcohol were observed for low levels of folate intake (1.13, 95%CI=1.06-1.20 for 15 g/day increase) compared to high folate intake (1.03, 95%CI=0.98-1.09). In this large European cohort, both lifetime and baseline alcohol consumption increase colon and rectum cancer risk, with more apparent risk increases for alcohol intakes greater than 30 g/day. 相似文献