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排序方式: 共有97条查询结果,搜索用时 11 毫秒
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PENTTI SIPPONEN MATTI KEKKI MAX SIURALA 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》1991,6(3):244-251
Chronic gastritis is a common disease which forms an important background to the pathogenesis of several gastric diseases. In most instances, gastritis seems to be a bacterial (microbial) disease. It begins as long-lasting, chronic inflammatory reaction directed against Helicobacter pylori (HP), or occasionally against other spiral bacteria, which colonize in the space between the surface epithelium and the mucous layer. Gastritis may, irrespectively of the HP-related or HP-independent origin, progress to an atrophy (chronic gastritis with atrophy) in the underlying mucosa. Prevalence of gastritis increases with increase in age, but great variations exist in the age-specific prevalence and in mean age of onset of the gastritis in different populations. A high rate and an early onset of the HP-related gastritis associates with low socio-economic status. Chronic gastritis, and the gastritis with atrophy in particular, may interfere with the function of the affected gastric mucosa, and may subsequently increase or decrease the risk of some gastric diseases, such as cancer and peptic ulcer. Both antral and corpus gastritis with coexistent severe atrophic changes have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. In addition, gastritis seems to also play an important role in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer. Virtually all patients with DU and GU have coexisting and preceding gastritis. The cumulative risk of ulcer has been estimated to be high in subjects with gastritis, but, in contrast, to be low in subjects who have normal gastric mucosa. 相似文献
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WAJID HUSSAIN M.B.Ch.B. PRAVINA M. PATEL
B.Sc. RASHEDA A. CHOWDHURY
M.Sc. CANDIDO CABO Ph.D. EDWARD J. CIACCIO Ph.D. MAX J. LAB
M.D. Ph.D. HEATHER S. DUFFY Ph.D. ANDREW L. WIT Ph.D. NICHOLAS S. PETERS M.D. FHRS 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》2010,21(11):1276-1283
Effect of Stretch on Conduction and Cx43 . Introduction: In disease states such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and hypertrophy, changes in the expression and location of Connexin43 (Cx43) occur (Cx43 remodeling), and may predispose to arrhythmias. Stretch may be an important stimulus to Cx43 remodeling; however, it has only been investigated in neonatal cell cultures, which have different physiological properties than adult myocytes. We hypothesized that localized stretch in vivo causes Cx43 remodeling, with associated changes in conduction, mediated by the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Methods and Results: In an open‐chest canine model, a device was used to stretch part of the right ventricle (RV) by 22% for 6 hours. Activation mapping using a 312‐electrode array was performed before and after stretch. Regional stretch did not change longitudinal conduction velocity (post‐stretch vs baseline: 51.5 ± 5.2 vs 55.3 ± 8.1 cm/s, P = 0.24, n = 11), but significantly reduced transverse conduction velocity (28.7 ± 2.5 vs 35.4 ± 5.4 cm/s, P < 0.01). It also reduced total Cx43 expression, by Western blotting, compared with nonstretched RV of the same animal (86.1 ± 32.2 vs 100 ± 19.4%, P < 0.02, n = 11). Cx43 labeling redistributed to the lateral cell borders. Stretch caused a small but significant increase in the proportion of the dephosphorylated form of Cx43 (stretch 9.95 ± 1.4% vs control 8.74 ± 1.2%, P < 0.05). Olmesartan, an angiotensin II blocker, prevented the stretch‐induced changes in Cx43 levels, localization, and conduction. Conclusion: Myocardial stretch in vivo has opposite effects to that in neonatal myocytes in vitro. Stretch in vivo causes conduction changes associated with Cx43 remodeling that are likely caused by local stretch‐induced activation of the RAS. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 21, pp. 1276‐1283, November 2010) 相似文献
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S. R. KILLICK Tutor Honorary Kegistrur in Obstetrics Gynaecology C. A. VAUGHAN WILLIAMS Lecturer Honorary Senior Lecturer in Obstetrics Gynaecology MAX ELSTEIN Professor of Obstetrics Gynaecology 《BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology》1985,92(5):518-521
Summary. Forty primigravid womcn aged 15–45 years were randomly allocated to receive either an intravaginal pessary of 3 mg prostaglandin E, (PGE2 ) or an intracervical 5-mm laminaria tent (LT) 12–16 h before termination of pregnancy at 6–14 weeks gestation. The degree of dilatation of the cervix a t operation and its resistance t o further dilatation during the procedure were assessed by a 'blind' operator. Laminaria tents were more effective in achieving dilatation and softening of the cervix than were PGE2 pessaries and in 40% of women no further dilatation was necessary. There were no associated side-effects or complications. A cervical tear occurred in two of 20 patients treated with PGE2 pessaries and all 20 required further dilatation of the cervix. Laminaria tents provide a simple. safe, acceptable and effective means of 'ripening' the cervix prior to termination of early pregnancy. 相似文献
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MICHAEL J. CEVETTE PhD BECKY PUETZ MS MITCHELL S. MARION MD MAX L. WERTZ MD MANFRED D. MUENTER MD 《Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery》1995,112(6)
The remarkable ability of the body to maintain balance is the result of central nervous system integration of sophisticated inputs from the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems. Strategies by patients with balance dysfunction are aphysiologic when their performance is relatively better on more difficult conditions of sensory conflict than on easier ones. Twenty-two aphysiologic patterns on computerized dynamic posturography were compared with age-matched normal and vestibular patterns. The aphysiologic group performed significantly better than the patients in the vestibular dysfunction group on the most difficult subtests of computerized dynamic posturography, conditions 5 and 6, yet significantly poorer on the easier subtests, conditions 1 through 4. In addition, patients in the aphysiologic group tended to show greater intertrial variability compared with patients in both normal and vestibular system dysfunction groups. A stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used to determine a set of conditions that had significant value in discriminating between the three patient groups. Case studies are presented to further illustrate the clinical usefulness of computerized dynamic posturography testing in the evaluation of patients suspected of having a functional component to their on-feet balance problems. (OTOLARYNGOL HEAD NECK SURG 1995;112:676-88.) 相似文献
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Introduction and Aims . Previous attitudinal research has found that the way survey questions are asked can influence respondents’ answers regarding their support for sensitive issues. This study aimed to explore whether findings regarding community support for harm reduction services could be manipulated through priming of language and information contained within survey items. Design and Method. A convenience sample of 260 university students from Sydney Australia were surveyed during late 2008 about their attitudes towards harm reduction services. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: one received a questionnaire that provided factual information about harm reduction services (Survey 1), while a second group received a questionnaire that contained no information about harm reduction services and framed heroin use as problematic (Survey 2). Results. Participants who completed Survey 1 expressed significantly higher levels of support for harm reduction services overall than participants who completed Survey 2 (t(249) = ?5.8, P < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that overall support for harm reduction services was associated with the survey version that participants received and participants’ political affiliations. These two factors accounted for 17.5% of the variance in the data. Discussion and Conclusions. Research findings regarding community support for harm reduction services are influenced by questionnaire design. This has implications for the development and expansion of harm reduction services and policy.[Hopwood M, Brener L, Frankland A, Treloar C. Assessing community support for harm reduction services: Comparing two measures. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010] 相似文献
8.
GISSLER MIKA; GERAEDTS MAX; HEMMINKI ELINA; BUEKENS PIERRE 《European journal of public health》1998,8(3):227-231
The amount of prenatal care and the relationship between insufficientprenatal care, mothers' characteristics and infant outcome werestudied in Finland and in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Themain sources of data were the Finnish Medical Birth Register(N=193,659) and the Perinatal Survey of Baden-Württemberg(N=307,152) in 19911993. Insufficient prenatal care wasdefined as no visits, 1 or 2 visits or late attendance. Mostof the women - also those in the risk groups for low use ofcare (foreigners, young mothers, grand multiparas, single mothersand women with a poor social status) - were using prenatal careextensively. The proportion of women having insufficient carewas 3.4% in Finland and 8.1% in Baden-Württemberg, mostof them being late attenders. Among women with insufficientcare, 39% in Finland and 55% in Baden-Württemberg werefrom the risk groups identified. Foreign nationals contributed10% of the women with insufficient care in Finland and 44% inBaden-Württemberg. The group of women with insufficientprenatal care was heterogeneous and it could not be definedby using traditional risk factors only. Infants of mothers withfew prenatal visits had poorer outcomes, but the attributableproportion of insufficient prenatal care to infant outcome wassmall. 相似文献
9.
MICHAEL LAWLESS FRACO WILLIAM PORTER FRACO RICHARD POUNTNEY FRACO MAX SIMPSON FRACO 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》1986,14(1):55-57
Three cases of ocular trauma caused by surfboards are reported. The severe nature of the injuries is discussed and the prevalence of this type of injury is reviewed. 相似文献
10.
JOANNE BRYANT LIBBY TOPP MAX HOPWOOD JENNY IVERSEN CARLA TRELOAR LISA MAHER 《Drug and alcohol review》2010,29(4):364-370
Introduction and Aims. The comprehensive needle and syringe distribution system in New South Wales is partly based on the premise that different points of access to injecting equipment may attract different groups of injecting drug users. This paper examines patterns of equipment acquisition and risk for blood‐borne virus transmission among injecting drug users who use pharmacies and needle and syringe programs (NSP) in south‐east Sydney. Design and Methods. Clients obtaining injecting equipment from four NSP (n = 147) and eight pharmacies (n = 227) in 2006 voluntarily completed a self‐administered questionnaire. Respondents were grouped into three categories based on their needle and syringe acquisition patterns: exclusive use of NSP, exclusive use of pharmacies and use of both. Results. Although it was common for respondents to report using both pharmacies and NSP to obtain needles and syringes (57%), a proportion reported exclusive use of pharmacies (17%) and NSP (14%). Exclusive pharmacy users were more likely to have never received treatment for their drug use and the least likely to have had a recent test for hepatitis C. Compared with respondents who exclusively used NSP, respondents who exclusively used pharmacies were more likely to report receptive sharing of injecting equipment (adjusted odds ratio 5.9, 95% confidence interval 2.02–17.14), as were respondents who reported using both sources (adjusted odds ratio 5.8, 95% confidence interval 2.35–14.40). Discussion and Conclusions. The high prevalence of receptive equipment sharing among pharmacy clients indicates a need to improve access to needles and syringes and ancillary equipment, possibly by including ancillary equipment at no cost in existing pre‐packaged pharmacy products.[Bryant J, Topp L, Hopwood M, Iversen J, Treloar C, Maher L. Is point of access to needles and syringes related to needle sharing? Comparing data collected from pharmacies and needle and syringe programs in south‐east Sydney. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010] 相似文献