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The failure to identify biomarkers of clinical significance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis generated a great deal of skepticism in regard to the usefulness of autoantibody-based methods. SEREX was a major advancement in immunoscreening that resulted in the identification of a large group of autoantigens recognized by cancer sera. However, few SEREX-defined autoantigens have proven to have definitive diagnostic value in clinical practice. Often, the identified antigens are patient-specific rather than tumor-specific and many tumor-associated antigens are rare in expression libraries made from non-autologous cells. Since autoantibodies are part of the normal immune response, it can be difficult to single out tumor-associated antibodies from the scores of irrelevant patient-specific responses. In our view, any practical approach for identifying cancer-related autoantigens must include an integral strategy for demonstrating tumor relevance early in the screening process. Care must also be taken not to exclude potentially important autoantibodies by pre-screening manipulations to patient sera. We have introduced substantial modifications in SEREX, designed to minimize confounding effects of unrelated autoantibodies and to eliminate steps that preclude the identification of cancer-related autoantigens commonly recognized by cancer sera. In addition, we incorporate methodology to identify candidate antigens that have potential diagnostic or prognostic value prior to their molecular cloning and characterization. 相似文献
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Vikram Sharma Kevin Chen Shehab A.R. Alansari Beni Verma Edward G. Soltesz Douglas R. Johnston Michael Zhen-Yu Tong Eric E. Roselli Per Wierup Gösta B. Pettersson A. Marc Gillinov Stephen G. Ellis Conrad Simpfendorfer Eugene H. Blackstone Samir Kapadia Lars G. Svensson Faisal G. Bakaeen 《The Annals of thoracic surgery》2021,111(5):1494-1501
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Background
The potential for ondansetron to cause QT prolongation and fatal dysrhythmia is well-reported, including a 2011 FDA report on the topic. Few clinical trials evaluating this phenomenon in the ED setting exist, and only one is pediatric.Objective
We have sought to determine the effect of a standardized dose of intravenous ondansetron on the QTc duration of children under 14 years of age treated for gastroenteritis-associated vomiting in a pediatric ED. This study is modeled closely after an FDA “thorough QT study”.Methods
EGCs were obtained before and 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after a 0.15 mg/kg IV dose of ondansetron given for gastroenteritis-associated vomiting. QT intervals were measured manually with digital calipers, and the QTc interval calculated both by Bazett's (QTcB) and Fridericia's (QTcF) correction. A paired t-test comparing QTc was conducted, and frequency of categorical outcomes of prolongation > 30 msec, > 60 msec, and absolute prolongation > 450 msec, > 480 msec, and > 500 msec were evaluated.Results
In a 4-month period, 134 patients were included in the study, 46% were male. The average QTc prior to ondansetron administration was: QTcB 415 msec (95% CI 343–565) and QTcF 373 (95% CI 304–499). The mean difference in QTc after ondansetron was 0.4 msec for QTcB (95% CI ? 35–45 msec) and 0.1 msec for QTcF (95% CI ? 40–18 msec).Conclusion
In these children, 0.15 mg/kg of intravenous ondansetron did not cause prolongation of QTcB or QTcF measured 15 min after administration, nor at later times. 相似文献5.
Basma Al-Sudani Abby H. Ragazzon-Smith Athar Aziz Rania Alansari Natalie Ferry Marija Krstic-Demonacos Patricia A. Ragazzon 《RSC advances》2020,10(73):45008
It is a challenge to select the right target to treat conditions without affecting non-diseased cells. Cancer belongs to the top 10 causes of death in the world and it remains difficult to treat. Amongst cancer emerging targets, silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) – a histone deacetylase – has shown many roles in cancer, ageing and metabolism. Here we report novel SIRT1 ligands that bind and modulate the activity of SIRT1 within cells and enhance its enzymatic activity. We developed a modified aptamer capable of binding to and forming a complex with SIRT1. Our ligands are aptamers, they can be made of DNA or RNA oligonucleotides, their binding domain can recognise a target with very high affinity and specificity. We used the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique to develop circular and linear aptamers selectively binding to SIRT1. Cellular consequences of the interaction were monitored by fluorescence microscopy, cell viability assay, stability and enzymatic assays. Our results indicate that from our pool of aptamers, circular AC3 penetrates cancerous cells and is recruited to modulate the SIRT1 activity. This modulation of SIRT1 resulted in anticancer activity on different cancer cell lines. Furthermore, this modified aptamer showed no toxicity on one non-cancerous cell line and was stable in human plasma. We have demonstrated that aptamers are efficient tools for localisation of internal cell targets, and in this particular case, anticancer activity through modulation of SIRT1.We report novel SIRT1 ligands that bind and modulate the activity of SIRT1 within cells and enhance its enzymatic activity. From a pool of aptamers we identify circular AC3 as having anticancer activity. 相似文献
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Hayat Alameen Ali Osama Muthaffar Nahla AlKarim Husam Kayyali Ahmed Elmardenly Abdullah Tamim Hala Alansari 《The Journal of international medical research》2022,50(3)
ObjectiveTo review the characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients on a ketogenic diet (KD), an established treatment option for individuals with intractable epilepsy, in a tertiary epilepsy center.MethodsThis retrospective study included pediatric patients diagnosed with intractable epilepsy who had experienced no benefits from at least two appropriately chosen antiseizure medications. All patients were hospitalized, started a KD without fasting, and were observed for complications and tolerance. The etiology of epilepsy, side effects, and KD efficacy on seizure outcomes were also examined.ResultsOf 16 children included in the study, nine (56%) experienced significant seizure improvement, with three becoming seizure-free during the KD. Ten patients were fed orally, and six were fed through gastrostomy feeding tubes. Most were on a 3:1 ratio, and nine reached ketosis within the first three days of KD initiation. Initial recurrent hypoglycemia was documented in four patients, and four experienced vomiting and acidosis. Most families complied with the diet, and all of the children gained weight during the study period.ConclusionKetogenic diets are an established and effective treatment for childhood epilepsy, with reversible mild adverse effects. A non-fasting KD protocol is a safe and effective option for children with intractable epilepsy. 相似文献
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Autoantibodies to Annexin XI-A and Other Autoantigens in the Diagnosis of Breast Cancer 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Fernández-Madrid F Tang N Alansari H Granda JL Tait L Amirikia KC Moroianu M Wang X Karvonen RL 《Cancer research》2004,64(15):5089-5096
We report on the identification of autoantigens commonly recognized by sera from patients with breast cancer. We selected ten sera from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast with high titer IgG autoantibodies for biopanning of a T7 phage breast cancer cDNA display library. A high throughput method involved the assembly of 938 T7 phages encoding potential breast cancer autoantigens. Microarrays of positive phages were probed with sera from 90 patients with breast cancer [15 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 75 patients with IDC of the breast], with 51 non-cancer control sera and with sera from 21 patients with systemic autoimmune diseases. A 12-phage breast cancer predictor group was constructed with phage inserts recognized by sera from patients with breast cancer and not by non-cancer or autoimmune control sera (P < 0.0001). Several autoantigens including annexin XI-A, the p80 subunit of the Ku antigen, ribosomal protein S6, and other unknown autoantigens could significantly discriminate between breast cancer and non-cancer control sera. Biopanning with three different sera led to the cloning of partial cDNA sequences identical to annexin XI-A. IgG autoantibodies reacting with the amino acid 41-74 sequence of annexin XI-A were found in 19% of all women with breast cancer but in 60% of sera from women with DCIS of the breast. In addition, partial sequences identical to annexin XI-A, nucleolar protein interacting with the forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of pKi-67, the KIAA1671 gene product, ribosomal protein S6, cyclin K, elongation factor-2, Grb2-associated protein 2, and other unknown proteins could distinguish DCIS from IDC of the breast and appear to be potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of breast cancer. 相似文献
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Mariam Alansari Hadil Alotair Zohair Al Aseri Mohammed A Elhoseny 《Critical care (London, England)》2015,19(1)
Patients in ICUs frequently require tracheostomy for long-term ventilator support, and the percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) method is preferred over surgical tracheostomy. The use of ultrasound (US) imaging to guide ICU procedures and interventions has recently emerged as a simple and noninvasive tool. The current evidence regarding the applications of US in PDT is encouraging; however, the exact role of US-guided dilatational tracheostomy (US-PDT) remains poorly defined. In this review, we describe the best available evidence concerning the safety and efficacy of US-PDT and briefly delineate the general principles of US image generation for the airway and of US-PDT procedures. 相似文献
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