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1.
Objective
The aim of this paper is to study the opportunity costs (OC) that are involved in being a caregiver and to compare them with the direct costs assumed by the State and the families. We evaluate direct cost (those that imply a payment-out-of-pocket) and indirect cost (those that imply a dedication in time). We hypothesized that costs increase with the severity of the dementia, with the educational level and active occupational situation of caregiver. They are greater if the caregiver is male, but if the patient and caregiver cohabit they are reduced.Method
778 surveys were analyzed. Data was collected using a questionnaire specifically designed for the purpose, with the collaboration of Alzheimer's Diseases Associations in Andalusia (Spain). For the indirect cost, we used the reveal preferences method. For the comparison between groups an ANOVA and a MANOVA was done.Results
The hypotheses were confirmed. The OC exponentially increases with severity. More than 55% of costs are assumed by families. Occupied people have higher educational level and incomes and contract more external support. Costs are significantly higher for male caregivers. Cohabiting reduces all kinds of costs.Conclusions
The relationship between educational level and employment situation lead to think that if these variables are greater more people will seek professional support. Cultural reasons still maintain women as main caregivers for all educational levels. The existence of these informal caregivers as the main care providers is a saving for the State, and a brake for the development of professional supply. 相似文献2.
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Adrenal disorders in pregnancy. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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D G Omdal D E Baird B S Burton W W Goodhue Jr E M Giddens 《AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology》1997,18(5):977
We describe a myelolipoma of the thoracic spine in a patient with gradual and progressive myelopathy. MR imaging showed this predominately fatty lesion to be extradural in location. 相似文献
10.
J. T. Lindsay Wilson 《Brain injury : [BI]》1990,4(4):349-363
Studies relating neuropsychology and structural neuroimaging after closed head injury are reviewed. Particular attention is given to the question of the relative contribution of focal and diffuse damage to neuropsychological impairment. The evidence currently available emphasizes the importance of diffuse damage in closed head injury. Diffuse damage is not equally distributed in the brain, and the review suggests three axes that are relevant for neuropsychological function: (1) damage may be unilateral or bilateral, (2) damage is characteristically greater in anterior regions than posterior regions, and (3) damage shows a centripetal gradient. A large gap remains between the emergent generalizations concerning head injury and reliable neuropsychological interpretation of scans from individual patients. 相似文献