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排序方式: 共有361条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This was a retrospective observational study of 11 consecutive patients of major primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) who had the B-Lynch suture at the time of caesarean section, performed between 1 March 2001 and 31 March 2004 at a teaching hospital in Scotland. Case-note review was performed in 123 patients, who had major primary PPH to identify patients who had B-Lynch sutures at the time of caesarean section. The patient's age, parity, gestation of pregnancy at which the B-Lynch suture was performed, the indication for caesarean section and the cause of primary major PPH were recorded. The operative details, intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications and the need for subsequent hysterectomy were noted. The patients were followed-up with clinic visits at 6 weeks and any further hospital referral for late postoperative complications and whether subsequent successful pregnancy was achieved, were documented. The incidence of major PPH in our centre was 0.5% of the total deliveries, of which 11 cases had the B-Lynch suture applied at the time of caesarean section. The patients were aged between 25 and 38 years old (mean 31 years). Parity ranged from 0 to 1 and the gestational age at which the procedure was performed ranged from 34 to 41 weeks (mean 38 weeks). Ten operations (91%) were performed by senior registrars supervised by the consultant on call and one (9%) case was performed by a consultant on call. All cases had the B-Lynch sutures performed for major primary PPH caused by uterine atony at the time of caesarean section. The weight of the babies delivered ranged between 2,110 - 4,820 g (mean 3,500 g). The total blood loss at surgery ranged from 2,000 - 10,000 ml (mean 3,500 ml). Only three patients (28%) required hysterectomy. All the patients made a good postoperative recovery. The hospital stay ranged from 4 - 24 days (mean 8 days). The patient who remained in hospital for 24 days did so because her baby was admitted into the neonatal unit. All the patients were reviewed 6 weeks postnatally. There was no significant morbidity. A subsequent successful pregnancy has been achieved in one patient. 相似文献
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3.
R B Aird 《Brain & development》1988,10(2):73-76
Of over forty known epileptogenic mechanisms, some eight involve transient conditions, the regulation of which necessarily involves the understanding cooperation of the patient/parents. Tension states, alterations of the wake-sleep cycle, fatigue and sleep deprivation, CNS stimulation by sensory or drug means, and shifts of the water and acid-base balances constitute the bulk of such seizure-inducing factors. The relative lack of CNS homeostatic control, due to immature development of the blood-brain barrier and cerebral maturation, serve to exaggerate these problems in childhood. In a referred group of 150 refractory epileptic children, the seizure-inducing mechanisms were found to be important (50% reduction of seizure incidence) in 20% and to be of "crucial" importance (complete control) in an additional 14%. These results indicate the importance of such mechanisms in selected children with epilepsy, who were only marginally or inadequately controlled by drug therapy. Reviews of the literature have suggested that this more comprehensive approach to the therapeutic management of epilepsy has not been adequately exploited. 相似文献
4.
Effects of dexamethasone and transient malnutrition on rabbits infected with aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC1551 下载免费PDF全文
Kesavan AK Mendez SE Hatem CL Lopez-Molina J Aird K Pitt ML Dannenberg AM Manabe YC 《Infection and immunity》2005,73(10):7056-7060
Malnutrition is common in the developing world, where tuberculosis is often endemic. Rabbits infected with aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis that subsequently became inadvertently and transiently malnourished had compromised cell-mediated immunity comparable to that of the rabbits immunosuppressed with dexamethasone. They had significant leukopenia and reduced delayed-type hypersensitivity responses. Malnutrition dampened cell-mediated immunity and would interfere with diagnostic tests that rely on intact CD4 T-cell responses. 相似文献
5.
The autosomal, recessive obesity of ob/ob mice is associated with hypercorticosteronemia and amelioration of most symptoms of obesity following adrenalectomy. Increased adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion has been hypothesized on the basis of several reports of higher pituitary ACTH content in ob/ob mice compared to lean littermates. However, the only measurement of ACTH blood concentration found lower levels in ob/ob mice than in leans suggesting that hypercorticosteronemia might result solely from an enhanced adrenal response to ACTH and also suggesting that the ob/ob's elevated pituitary ACTH content might be due to decreased ACTH secretion rather than increased ACTH synthesis. In our study, basal serum ACTH levels were higher in ob/ob males and females compared to sex-matched lean littermates. Anterior pituitary ACTH synthesis was also elevated as indicated by increased content of ACTH and proopiomelanocortin mRNA in obese mice of both sexes; however hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor content was not different in lean and obese mice. Basal serum ACTH and corticosterone (CS) levels showed normal circadian rhythm in both phenotypes and sexes, but the circadian increase in CS level was much greater in obese mice than in leans despite equal serum ACTH increases in the two phenotypes. Ether stress at both peak and trough of the circadian rhythm also stimulated much larger serum CS increases in obese mice even though ACTH increases were again equal in the two phenotypes. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that ob/ob mice have increased synthesis and secretion of pituitary ACTH despite the presence of chronically elevated serum CS. This hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis appears to be most pronounced in ob/ob females since pituitary ACTH content was equal in obese males and females despite much higher circulating CS levels in the females. Furthermore, the results also indicate an enhanced response to ACTH by the adrenal cortex of the obese mouse. Thus, ob/ob mice exhibit abnormal hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis function with hyperactivity occurring at the level of pituitary ACTH synthesis/secretion as well as at the level of adrenocortical response to ACTH. 相似文献
6.
Fraser Aird Ildiko Halasz Eva Redei 《Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research》1997,21(9):1560-1566
This study was designed to determine whether the previously described sexually dimorphic changes in rat hypothalamic corticotrop-in-releasing factor (CRF) and anterior pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression in response to fetal alcohol exposure (FAE) are present prepubertally and whether they are altered by maternal adrenalectomy. Hypothalamic CRF and anterior pituitary POMC mRNA levels were determined in male and female offspring of adrenalectomized (ADX) and sham-adrenalectomized (Sham) dams exposed to alcohol (FAE) or a pair-fed (PF) control diet during the last 2 weeks of gestation. CRF and POMC mRNA levels were measured by Northern blotting at 1, 7, 14, and 21 days of age. In offspring of control PF dams, CRF mRNA levels increased faster in females, increasing by day 7, followed by a decrease at days 14 and 21, whereas in males there was a gradual increase from days 1 to 21. FAE altered the ontogenic profile of CRF mRNA in female offspring by delaying and exaggerating the rise of CRF expression to day 14, but produced no effect in males. Maternal adrenalectomy, combined with FAE, resulted in an early rise of CRF mRNA on day 14 in male offspring. In females, the combined ADX/FAE treatment resulted in significantly increased CRF mRNA levels, compared with those of ADX/PF offspring, on days 7 and 14. By day 21, these differences in CRF mRNA levels between the ADX/FAE and ADX/PF offspring had disappeared. POMC mRNA levels generally increased by day 7, followed by a dramatic decrease by day 14 and another increase by day 21. FAE male offspring showed decreased levels of POMC mRNA, whereas females were not affected. Maternal adrenalectomy reversed this inhibition in male offspring, resulting in POMC mRNA levels similar to those measured in male offspring of PF control animals. In contrast, POMC mRNA levels of female offspring of ADX dams decreased in response to FAE. These data suggest that the previously observed switch from suppressed to enhanced POMC expression in FAE males is the result of developmental events beyond weaning. Because this sexually dimorphic regulation of CRF and POMC expression by prenatal alcohol exposure and maternal adrenalectomy occurs before the presence of adult levels of sex steroids, this suggests an organizational effect on the developing hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. 相似文献
7.
Long-term cryopreservation of human stem cells. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Successful engraftment of autologous bone marrow depends on preserving the viability of stem cells during cryopreservation. While several techniques for effective bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell collection and processing have been reported, little is known about the effect of the duration of cryopreservation on stem cell viability in humans. We reviewed, retrospectively, the engraftment data of 33 patients with leukemia treated at Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston and the European Bone Marrow Transplant Group from 1981-1989 who received stem cells cryopreserved for greater than or equal to 2 years. Data on cryopreservation methods are available in 18 of 33 patients. In all cases, stem cells were frozen in liquid nitrogen with a programmed freezer and stored at or below -140 degrees C. The median duration of cryopreservation was 2.8 years (range 2-11 years). Thirty of 32 (94%) evaluable patients achieved granulocyte counts greater than 500 x 10(6)/l (median 23 days; range 10-119 days); 26 of 32 (74%) evaluable patients achieved platelets greater than 50 x 10(9)/l (median 30 days; range 19-128 days) while 22/32 (69%) patients achieved platelets greater than 100 x 10(9)/l (median 45 days; range 20-328 days). This report demonstrates that human stem cells cryopreserved for up to 11 years are capable of engrafting. Stem cells may be stored for prolonged periods and used for transplantation in patients harvested prior to pelvic irradiation or alkylating agent therapy. 相似文献
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9.
Marilyn S. Townsend Mical K. Shilts Dennis M. Styne Christiana Drake Louise Lanoue Lenna Ontai 《Journal of nutrition education and behavior》2018,50(7):705-717
Objective
Demonstrate validity and reliability for an obesity risk assessment tool for young children targeting families' modifiable home environments.Design
Longitudinal design with data collected over 100 weeks.Setting
Head Start and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.Participants
Parent–child pairs (n?=?133) provided food behavior assessments; 3 child-modified, 24-hour dietary recalls; 3?≥?36-hour activity logs; and measured heights and weights.Main Outcome Measure
Five measures of validity and 5 of reliability.Results
Validity was excellent for the assessment tool, named Healthy Kids, demonstrating an inverse relationship with child body mass index percentile-for-age (P?=?.02). Scales were significantly related to hypothesized variables (P?≤?.05): fruit or vegetable cup equivalents; folate; vitamins A, C, and D; β-carotene; calcium; fiber; sugar; screen, sleep, and physical activity minutes; and parent behaviors. Measures of reliability were acceptable.Conclusions and Implications
Overall, children with higher Healthy Kids scores had a more healthful profile as well as lower body mass index percentiles-for-age 1.5 years later. Healthy Kids has potential for use by nutrition professionals as a screening tool to identify young children most at risk for excess weight gain, as an evaluation to assess intervention impact, and as a counseling tool to tailor intervention efforts. Future research should include validation in other settings and with other populations. 相似文献10.