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Melissa J. Bloomer Mari Botti Fiona Runacres Peter Poon Jakqui Barnfield Alison M. Hutchinson 《Collegian (Royal College of Nursing, Australia)》2019,26(1):165-170
Aim
To explore the impact of cultural factors on the provision of end-of-life care in a geriatric inpatient rehabilitation setting.Background
Australia’s ageing population is now also one of the most culturally diverse. Individuals from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds may have specific care needs at the end of life according to various aspects of their culture.Design
A mixed method approach using a retrospective audit of existing hospital databases, deceased patients’ medical records, and in-depth interviews with clinicians.Findings
Patients’ and families’ cultural needs were not always recognised or facilitated in end-of-life care, resulting in missed opportunities to tailor care to the individual’s needs. Clinicians identified a lack of awareness of cultural factors, and how these may influence end-of-life care needs. Clinicians expressed a desire for education opportunities to improve their understanding of how to provide patient-specific, culturally sensitive end-of-life care.Conclusion
The findings highlight that dying in geriatric inpatient rehabilitation settings remains problematic, particularly when issues of cultural diversity further compound end-of-life care provision. There is a need for recognition and acceptance of the potential sensitivities associated with cultural diversity and how it may influence patients’ and families’ needs at the end of life. Health service organisations should prioritise and make explicit the importance of early referral and utilisation of existing support services such as professional interpreters, specialist palliative care and pastoral care personnel in the provision of end-of-life care. Furthermore, health service organisations should consider reviewing end-of-life care policy documents, guidelines and care pathways to ensure there is an emphasis on respecting and honouring cultural diversity at end of life. If use of a dying care pathway for all dying patients was promoted, or possibly mandated, these issues would likely be addressed. 相似文献4.
Melissa J. Bloomer Mari Botti Fiona Runacres Peter Poon Jakqui Barnfield Alison M. Hutchinson 《Collegian (Royal College of Nursing, Australia)》2019,26(1):22-27
Background
With an ageing population and chronic illness the leading cause of death, challenges exist in meeting the healthcare needs of older people. For older people, care may be provided in subacute care services where, although the focus is on rehabilitation and optimisation of functioning, many older people will die.Aim
To investigate end-of-life care provision for older people in subacute care.Methods
A retrospective clinical chart audit of all subacute inpatient deaths in one year.Results
54 inpatients died in subacute care and almost all had been transferred from an acute care setting. The mean age was 83 (SD = 9), patients had multiple diagnoses and were admitted for assessment or to establish a safe discharge destination. None were identified as ‘terminal’ on admission and none had an Advance Care Plan to guide care preferences. Prior to death, more than half (57.4%) received terminal care compliant with the Promoting Improved Care of the Dying (PICD) guideline. 53.7% were referred for specialist palliative care review, and despite a mean wait time of 0.6 days (SD = 0.8), 11.1% of patients died before specialist palliative care review. Documentation of communication with patients/family of the likelihood of death occurred in two key sequential time points; the first was information-related and the second decision-related. When these time points occurred impacted end-of-life care provision. Ambiguity in language used to communicate patient deterioration and dying with clinicians and family, impacted understanding and provision of end-of-life care.Conclusions
Education is needed to aid clinicians in subacute care to identify patient deterioration and dying and communicate the likelihood of death to the multidisciplinary team and with patients and families. Nursing and allied health clinicians are well placed to have greater involvement in communicating patient deterioration and likely death. 相似文献5.
Attitudes of midwives and maternal child health nurses towards suicide: A cross‐sectional study 下载免费PDF全文
Rosalind Lau Kay McCauley Jakqui Barnfield Cheryle Moss Wendy Cross 《International journal of mental health nursing》2015,24(6):561-568
Perinatal women are at risk of depression and/or suicidality. Suicide is the highest cause of indirect maternal deaths in the perinatal period. Midwives and maternal child health nurses (MCHN), as key clinicians, need to be able to detect these mental health issues. Little is known about these clinicians' attitudes to suicide. In this paper, we report on the results of a cross‐sectional study of midwives' and MCHN attitudes to suicide. A convenience sample of midwives (n = 95) and MCHN (n = 86) from south–eastern Victoria, Australia, was recruited into the study. Participants completed the Attitudes to Suicide Prevention Scale. The results showed that MCHN have more positive attitudes towards suicide prevention than midwives, and younger participants have more positive attitudes to suicide prevention compared to older participants. Midwives and MCHN could benefit from continuing professional education to build their knowledge and skills in assessing suicide risk for childbearing women and their families, increasing positive attitudes, improving detection, and mental health referrals. 相似文献
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Fifty subjects with a history of traumatic brain injury TBI and or substance use, completed neuro psychological measures of short and long term verbal and visual memory, information processing, motor speed and co ordination, executive functioning, and malingering. All subjects performed below norms on tests of verbal memory and verbal abstract thinking, but overall no differences were found due to either severity of TBI or level of substance use. Maori subjects obtained the lowest scores on tests of verbal ability, but also reported higher rates of TBI and substance use, which is presumed to account for this result. In conclusion, prison populations seem to have disproportionately high rates of TBI, recurrent TBI, and substance use, compared to the general population. Further, there are a group of individuals who have experienced both TBI and substance abuse, with associated impairments in verbal memory and learning, abstract thinking, and who report problems with general memory and socialization. These difficulties may affect functioning both in prison and following release. 相似文献
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Relation between viral fitness and immune escape within the hepatitis C virus protease 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Söderholm J Ahlén G Kaul A Frelin L Alheim M Barnfield C Liljeström P Weiland O Milich DR Bartenschlager R Sällberg M 《Gut》2006,55(2):266-274
BACKGROUND: The hepatitis C virus (HCV) mutates within human leucocyte antigen (HLA) class I restricted immunodominant epitopes of the non-structural (NS) 3/4A protease to escape cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) recognition and promote viral persistence. However, variability is not unlimited, and sometimes almost absent, and factors that restrict viral variability have not been defined experimentally. AIMS: We wished to explore whether the variability of the immunodominant CTL epitope at residues 1073-1081 of the NS3 protease was limited by viral fitness. PATIENTS: Venous blood was obtained from six patients (four HLA-A2+) with chronic HCV infection and from one HLA-A2+ patient with acute HCV infection. METHODS: NS3/4A genes were amplified from serum, cloned in a eukaryotic expression plasmid, sequenced, and expressed. CTL recognition of naturally occurring and artificially introduced escape mutations in HLA-A2-restricted NS3 epitopes were determined using CTLs from human blood and genetically immunised HLA-A2-transgenic mice. HCV replicons were used to test the effect of escape mutations on HCV protease activity and RNA replication. RESULTS: Sequence analysis of NS3/4A confirmed low genetic variability. The major viral species had functional proteases with 1073-1081 epitopes that were generally recognised by cross reactive human and murine HLA-A2 restricted CTLs. Introduction of mutations at five positions of the 1073-1081 epitope prevented CTL recognition but three of these reduced protease activity and RNA replication. CONCLUSIONS: Viral fitness can indeed limit the variability of HCV within immunological epitopes. This helps to explain why certain immunological escape variants never appear as a major viral species in infected humans. 相似文献
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Tania Telford David F. Keane Ashley E. Garner Michael L. Waller Andrew F. Scarsbrook Mark C. Barnfield 《Scandinavian journal of clinical and laboratory investigation》2019,79(1-2):86-90
Guidelines state that patients undergoing isotope glomerular filtration rate (GFR) tests should maintain adequate hydration, but pragmatically these tests can coincide with procedures requiring the patient not to eat or drink (‘nil-by-mouth’) for up to 12?hours beforehand. This study investigated the impact of a 12-hour nil-by-mouth regime on GFR measurement. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited from our institution. Exclusion criteria included diabetes mellitus, being under 18?years of age and pregnancy. Isotope GFR measurements were carried out on these volunteers twice. One of the tests adhered strictly to the British Nuclear Medicine Society (BNMS) guidelines for GFR measurement and the other test was carried out after the volunteers had refrained from eating or drinking anything for 12?hours. The order of these tests was randomly assigned. The results show that after a nil-by-mouth regime, participants’ average absolute GFR fell from 108?ml/min to 97?ml/min (p?<?.01), while normalised GFR fell from 97?ml/min/1.73 m2 to 88?ml/min/1.73m2 (p?<?.01). Serum creatinine rose from 68?mmol/L to 73?mmol/L (p?<?.05). There were no changes in blood pressure, serum hydration markers or bio-impedance measured fluid status. Urine analysis showed statistically significant increases in urea, creatinine and osmolality levels after the nil-by-mouth regime. The results highlight the importance of following current guidelines recommending fluid intake during the procedure. Practitioners should consider what other outpatient appointments are being scheduled concurrently with a GFR test. 相似文献
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Joanna F Crofts Teclar Mukuli Bobb T Murove Solwayo Ngwenya Sma Mhlanga Meluleki Dube Elton Sengurayi Cathy Winter Sharon Jordan Sonia Barnfield Heather Wilcox Abi Merriel Sabelo Ndlovu Zedekiah Sibanda Sikangezile Moyo Wedu Ndebele Tim J Draycott Thabani Sibanda 《Bulletin of the World Health Organization》2015,93(5):347-351
ProblemIn Zimbabwe, many health facilities are not able to manage serious obstetric complications. Staff most commonly identified inadequate training as the greatest barrier to preventing avoidable maternal deaths.ApproachWe established an onsite obstetric emergencies training programme for maternity staff in the Mpilo Central Hospital. We trained 12 local staff to become trainers and provided them with the equipment and resources needed for the course. The trainers held one-day courses for 299 staff at the hospital.