Biomechanical behavior of brain injury caused by sticks using finite element model and Hybrid-III testing

Objective: To study the biomechanical mechanism of head injuries beaten with sticks, which is common in the battery or assaultive cases. Methods: In this study, the Hybrid-III anthropomorphic test device and finite element model (FEM) of the total human model for safety (THUMS) head were used to determine the biomechanical response of head while being beaten with different sticks. Total eight Hybrid-III tests and four finite element simulations were conducted. The contact force, resultant acceleration of head center of gravity, intracranial pressure and von Mises stress were calculated to determine the different biomechanical behavior of head with beaten by different sticks. Results: In Hybrid-III tests, the stick in each group demonstrated the similar kinematic behavior under the same loading condition. The peak values of the resultant acceleration for thick iron stick group, thin iron stick group, thick wooden stick group and thin wooden stick group were 203.4 g, 221.1 g, 170.5 g and 122.2 g respectively. In finite element simulations, positive intracranial pressure was initially observed in the frontal comparing with negative intracranial pressure in the contra-coup site. Subsequently the intracranial pressure in the coup site was decreasing toward negative value while the contra-coup intracranial pressure increasing toward positive values. Conclusions: The results illustrated that the stiffer and larger the stick was, the higher the von Mises stress, contact force and intracranial pressure were. We believed that the results in the Hybrid-III tests and THUMS head simulations for brain injury beaten with sticks could be reliable and useful for better understanding the injury mechanism.     

胃食管反流病与功能磁共振技术

随着对胃食管反流病研究的深入,大脑和食管感觉及胃排空的相互作用越来越受到重视,功能磁共振成像技术,有助于进一步了解胃食管反流病的发病机制。     

山药粗多糖的提取工艺

对鲜山药中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,研究了料液比、提取温度、时间和乙醇体积分数对粗多糖得率的影响,极差分析及方差分析结果表明提取温度和料液比是影响山药粗多糖提取的主要因素,较优的工艺为料液比1 g：9 mL,温度50 ℃,时间2.5 h,乙醇体积分数75%,在此工艺条件下,鲜山药粗多糖得率为0.2449%（以鲜山药质量计）.     

谷氨酰胺在危重病患者中的应用

目的探讨危重病患者中早期经静脉应用谷氨酰胺（glutamine，Gl）的临床价值。方法42例患者随机分成两组（对照组和Gln组），Gln组进行Gln治疗（100mL／d，共7d）。治疗前后检测患者体质量、白蛋白、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、握力的变化和肠功能不全的发生率。结果体质量两组治疗前后比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。白蛋白、握力和GSH Gl治疗后非常显著高于治疗前（P〈0．01）；白蛋白对照组治疗后较治疗前显著增高（P〈0．05），但握力和GSH治疗前后均无显著变化（P〉0.05）；肠功能不全的发生率Gln组为4．8％，显著低于对照组（28．6％，P〈0．05）。结论在危重病患者疾病早期通过静脉途径外源性地补充Gln，有效改善了患者的营养状况；使患者血浆中的GSH水平增高，加强了机体的抗氧化能力；减少了患者肠功能不全的发生率。     

Pick’s disease with Pick bodies combined with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes: A clinical,neuroradiologic and pathological study of an autopsied case

We report clinical, neuroradiologic features, and neuropathologic findings of a 76‐year‐old man with coexistent Pick’s disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. The patient presented with loss of recent memory, abnormal behavior and change in personality at the age of 60. The symptoms were progressive. Three years later, repetitive or compulsive behavior became prominent. About 9 years after onset, he had difficulty moving and became bed‐ridden because of a fracture of his left leg. His condition gradually deteriorated and he developed mutism and became vegetative. The patient died from pneumonia 16 years after the onset of symptoms. Serial MRI scans showed progressive cortex atrophy, especially in the bilateral frontal and temporal lobes. Macroscopic inspection showed severe atrophy of the whole brain, including cerebrum, brainstem and cerebellum. Microscopic observations showed extensive superficial spongiosis and severe neuronal loss with gliosis in the second and third cortical layers in the frontal, temporal and parietal cortex. There were Pick cells and argyrophilic Pick bodies, which were tau‐ and ubiquitin‐positive in neurons of layers II–III of the above‐mentioned cortex. Numerous argyrophilic Pick bodies were observed in the hippocampus, especially in the dentate fascia. In addition, moderate to severe loss of neurons was found with gliosis and a lot of Gallyas/tau‐positive globus neurofibrillary tangles in the caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus, substantia nigra, locus coeruleus and dentate nucleus. Numerous thorned‐astrocytes and coiled bodies but no‐tuft shaped astrocytes were noted in the basal ganglion, brainstem and cerebellar white matter. In conclusion, these histopathological features were compatible with classical Pick’s disease and coexistence with progressive supranuclear palsy without tuft‐shaped astrocytes.     

皮瓣展平法在耳廓再造时扩张皮瓣感染中的应用

目的探索耳廓再造时扩张皮瓣感染的处理方法。方法分析中国协和医科大学整形外科医院外耳冉造中心2003年1月～2005年12月耳廓再造时耳后扩张皮瓣发生感染，经皮瓣展平法处理，感染控制后进行耳再造的12例（12耳）患者的治疗情况。结果12例（12耳）患者手术顺利，术后恢复好，再造耳效果与无感染者无明显差异。结论皮瓣展平法是耳廓再造时扩张皮瓣感染较理想的处理方法。     

降钙素防治骨质疏松模型兔的人工假体无菌性松动的实验研究

[目的]探讨降钙素对已行人工假体植入骨质疏松模型免的假体无菌性松动防治作用的实验研究。[方法]将30只假体植入模型的骨质疏松症兔随机分成实验组和对照组，各15只。实验组给予鲑鱼降钙素治疗（6U／kg，肌注，隔日1次），而对照组给予等量的生理盐水肌注，持续治疗半年。两组均分别于术前、术后4、8、12和24周检测假体周围感应区（ROI）骨密度（BMD）；于术前及术后4、12、24周行血清骨代谢指标检测：骨特异性碱性磷酸酶（BALP）、骨钙素（BGP）、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶-5b（TRAP-5b）；所有动物于术后24周处死，分别行假体拔出实验与扭转实验测定和假体周围骨组织形态计量学分析。[结果]术后24周，实验组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD增加近5％，而对照组假体周围局部感兴趣区BMD下降了6％，两组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；骨代谢指标中，术后24周实验组的BALP、BGP稍有下降，但组内无显著性差异（P〉0．05），而TRAP-5b有明显下降（P〈0．05），这些指标与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；生物力学检测显示，实验组的假体拔出实验较对照组提高了约50％，扭转实验提高近1倍，且两组比较差异显著（P〈0．01）；骨组织形态计量学显示，实验组中反映骨吸收的Oc．No／Tb．Pm、ES／BS明显减少；反映骨量和微结构的％Tb．Ar、Tb．N明显增多，而Tb．Sp明显变窄：反映骨形成与骨矿化的OS／BS、MAR、BFR／TV及％L．Pm也均明显增多；这些指标与对照组比较差异显著（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。[结论]鲑鱼降钙素能明显减少人工假体周围骨量的丢失和抑制骨溶解；并加快假体周围的骨形成，提高骨密度，促进生理性骨矿化；还能改善骨质量，促进骨微结构改变，提高骨的生物力学特性并增加假体四周的支撑力。其对骨质疏松症兔的假体松动有明显的预防和治疗作用。这对临床预防和治疗人工关节的无菌性松动有很好的指导意义。     

游离腓骨皮瓣移植Ⅰ期修复胫骨创伤性骨髓炎骨皮缺损

[目的]探讨游离腓骨皮瓣移植Ⅰ期修复胫骨创伤性骨髓炎合并骨皮缺损的方法和疗效。[方法]对156例胫骨创伤性慢性骨髓炎合并骨皮缺损患者，在行病灶清除的基础上行游离腓骨皮瓣移植，Ⅰ期修复骨皮缺损。[结果]经术后6—60个月的随访，皮瓣全部成活，发生静脉危象6例，再次吻合成功；伤口Ⅰ期愈合140例，Ⅱ期愈合13例，遗留窦道3例；骨髓炎复发2例。移植腓骨全部愈合，愈合时间2—6个月，平均3．2个月。[结论]慢性骨髓炎合并骨皮缺损可应用显微外科技术Ⅰ期修复。但是在感染的基础上进行手术，有一定的风险，严格掌握适应证。