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Felicity Allen 《Australasian journal on ageing》1992,11(2):49-49
Book reviewed in this article: OLD AGE: A REGISTER OF SOCIAL RESEARCH 1985–1990. Ed by G. Crosby, Information Service, Centre for Policy on Ageing, UK, 1991. 相似文献
4.
Bob Mash Di Powell Felicity du Plessis Unita van Vuuren Margaret Michalowska Naomi Levitt 《Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde》2007,97(12):1284-1288
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In South Africa diabetes makes a significant contribution to the burden of disease. Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of adult blindness, and screening can reduce the incidence. This project aimed to implement and evaluate a new service for retinal screening that uses a non-mydriatic mobile fundal camera in primary care. This is the first time such a service has been evaluated in an African primary care context. METHODS: The service was implemented as an operational research study at three community health centres and data were collected to evaluate the operational issues, screening, reporting and referral of patients. RESULTS: Out of 400 patients screened 84% had a significantly reduced visual acuity, 63% had retinopathy (22% severe nonproliferative, 6% proliferative and 15% maculopathy), 2% of eyes could not be screened and 14% of patients required dilatation. Referral was necessary in 27% of cases for cataracts, in 7% for laser treatment and in 4% for other specialist services. Repeat photography was needed in 8% and urgent follow-up in 12%. A SWOT analysis of the pilot project was completed and recommendations were made on how to integrate it into the district health system. CONCLUSION: Screening with a fundal camera improved the quality of care for diabetic patients and is feasible in the South African public sector, primary care setting. A single technician should be able to photograph almost 10,000 patients a year. 相似文献
5.
Multiple genetic typing of Salmonella enterica serotype typhimurium isolates of different phage types (DT104, U302, DT204b,and DT49) from animals and humans in England,Wales, and Northern Ireland
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Liebana E Garcia-Migura L Clouting C Clifton-Hadley FA Lindsay E Threlfall EJ McDowell SW Davies RH 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2002,40(12):4450-4456
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a common cause of salmonellosis among humans and animals in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Phage types DT104 and U302 were the most prevalent types in both livestock and humans in 2001. In addition, Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT204b was responsible for a recent international outbreak involving England. A total of 119 isolates from humans (n = 28) and animals or their environment (n = 91), belonging to DT104 (n = 66), U302 (n = 33), DT204b (n = 12), and DT49 (n = 8), were fingerprinted by a combination of well-established genetic methods (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE], PstI/SphI [PS] ribotyping, and plasmid profiling). The different techniques identified different degrees of polymorphism (from greatest to least, plasmid profiling [40 types], PS ribotyping [34 types], and PFGE [23 types]). It seems clear that a prevalent genomic clone, as well as a variety of less frequent clones, is present for each of the phage types. In most cases, the prevalent clones appeared within isolates from several animal species and from several geographical locations. We did not find clear evidence of a higher degree of diversity for any of the animal species included, or of any link between isolates from particular animal species and humans. The data presented show the inaccuracy of drawing epidemiological conclusions based on a single fingerprinting method. Strains that share one of the markers do not necessarily belong to the same clone, and a multiple typing approach is required to enable enough discrimination to track strains for epidemiological investigations. 相似文献
6.
Vinod Dasa James R.B. Eastwood Michal Podgorski Heewon Park Christopher Blackstock Tetyana Antoshchenko Piotr Rogala Tadeusz Bieganski S. Michal Jazwinski Malwina Czarny‐Ratajczak 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2019,179(4):534-541
Mutations in the COMP, COL9A1, COL9A2, COL9A3, MATN3, and SLC26A2 genes cause approximately 70% of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) cases. The genetic changes involved in the etiology of the remaining cases are still unknown, suggesting that other genes contribute to MED development. Our goal was to identify a mutation causing an autosomal dominant form of MED in a large multigenerational family. Initially, we excluded all genes known to be associated with autosomal dominant MED by using microsatellite and SNP markers. Follow‐up with whole‐exome sequencing analysis revealed a mutation c.2032G>A (p.Gly678Arg) in the COL2A1 gene (NCBI Reference Sequence: NM_001844.4), which co‐segregated with the disease phenotype in this family, manifested by severe hip dysplasia and osteoarthritis. One of the affected family members had a double‐layered patella, which is frequently seen in patients with autosomal recessive MED caused by DTDST mutations and sporadically in the dominant form of MED caused by COL9A2 defect. 相似文献
7.
Kinetics of lymphocyte transformation in mice immunized with viable avirulent forms of Cryptococcus neoformans.
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![点击此处可从《Infection and immunity》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
A murine model was developed to study the cell-mediated immune response of mice immunized with one of two live, avirulent forms of Cryptococcus neoformans: a nonencapsulated mutant and a thinly encapsulated pseudohyphal variant. A lymphocyte transformation assay was used to evaluate the cellular response of control and sensitized spleen cells after in vitro incubation with three merthiolate-killed whole-cell antigens of C. neoformans. An antigen-to-spleen cell ratio of 10:1 and 5 days of incubation of antigen-spleen cell mixtures were established as optimal conditions for maximum lymphocyte transformation. Maximum responses occurred from 2 to 3 weeks after the last of eight weekly intraperitoneal inoculations of C. neoformans. This assay provided an accurate, reproducible method of studying cell-mediated immunity to C. neoformans, and applications to the study of cryptococcal pathogenesis are proposed. 相似文献
8.
Sarah A. Collier Li Deng Elizabeth A. Adam Katharine M. Benedict Elizabeth M. Beshearse Anna J. Blackstock Beau B. Bruce Gordana Derado Chris Edens Kathleen E. Fullerton Julia W. Gargano Aimee L. Geissler Aron J. Hall Arie H. Havelaar Vincent R. Hill Robert M. Hoekstra Sujan C. Reddy Elaine Scallan Erin K. Stokes Jonathan S. Yoder Michael J. Beach 《Emerging infectious diseases》2021,27(1):140
Provision of safe drinking water in the United States is a great public health achievement. However, new waterborne disease challenges have emerged (e.g., aging infrastructure, chlorine-tolerant and biofilm-related pathogens, increased recreational water use). Comprehensive estimates of the health burden for all water exposure routes (ingestion, contact, inhalation) and sources (drinking, recreational, environmental) are needed. We estimated total illnesses, emergency department (ED) visits, hospitalizations, deaths, and direct healthcare costs for 17 waterborne infectious diseases. About 7.15 million waterborne illnesses occur annually (95% credible interval [CrI] 3.88 million–12.0 million), results in 601,000 ED visits (95% CrI 364,000–866,000), 118,000 hospitalizations (95% CrI 86,800–150,000), and 6,630 deaths (95% CrI 4,520–8,870) and incurring US $3.33 billion (95% CrI 1.37 billion–8.77 billion) in direct healthcare costs. Otitis externa and norovirus infection were the most common illnesses. Most hospitalizations and deaths were caused by biofilm-associated pathogens (nontuberculous mycobacteria, Pseudomonas, Legionella), costing US $2.39 billion annually. 相似文献
9.
Eleanor J. Reimer Carolyne J. Montgomery Joan C. Bevan Pamela M. Merrick Derek Blackstock Vladan Popovic 《Journal canadien d'anesthésie》1993,40(10):927-933
Propofol anaesthesia may reduce postoperative emesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of emesis after propofol anaesthesia with and without nitrous oxide, compared with thiopentone and halothane anaesthesia, in hospital and up to 24 hr postoperatively, in outpatient paediatric patients after strabismus surgery. Seventy-five ASA class I or II, unpremedicated patients, aged 2–12 yr were randomly assigned to one of three groups: Thiopentone, 6.0 mg · kg? 1 iv induction followed by halothane and N2O/O2 for maintenance (T/H); propofol for induction, followed by propofol and oxygen for maintenance (P/O2); and propofol for iv induction, followed by propofol infusion and N2O/O2 for maintenance (P/N2O). All received vecuronium, controlled ventilation, and acetaminophen pr. Morphine was given as needed for postoperative analgesia. There were no differences in age, weight, number of eye muscles operated upon, duration of anaesthesia or surgery. The P/N2O group (255 ± 80 μg· kg? 1· min? 1) received less propofol than the P/O2 group (344 ± 60 μg · kg? 1· min? 1) (P ≤ 0.0001) and had shorter extubation (P < 0.001) and recovery (P < 0.01) times. Emesis in the hospital, in both the P/N2O (4.0%) and P/O2 group (4.0%) was less than in the T/H group (32%) (P < 0.01). Antiemetics were required in four patients in the T/H group (16.0%). Overall emesis after surgery was not different among the groups: T/H (48%), P/O2 (28%) and P/N2O (42%). The use of propofol anaesthesia with and without N2O decreased only early emesis. This supports the concept of a short-acting, specific antiemetic effect of propofol. 相似文献
10.
Campbell DS Flynn HG Blackstock DT Linke C Carstensen EL 《The Journal of lithotripsy & stone disease》1991,3(2):147-156
Electric sparks are used as the sources for both intra- and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters. Upon ignition, a pressure pulse, headed by a shock, is generated that propagates as a spherically diverging wave. Simultaneously, a bubble is created that, in the case of the Wolf Model 2137.50 Electrohydraulic Lithotripter, expands to a radius of approximately 5 mm and collapses spontaneously after approximately 1 msec. Upon rebound, the bubble generates a second pressure pulse that is almost equal in amplitude and acoustic energy to the first shock wave. Measured pressures are almost entirely positive and decrease in amplitude with the reciprocal of the distance from the source. For the Wolf lithotripter at its maximum output setting, the pressure amplitude at a distance of 3 cm from the spark is typically 3 MPa. 相似文献