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Flecainide 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
RODNEY H. FALK M.D. RICHARD I. FOGEL M.D. 《Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology》1994,5(11):964-981
Flecainide. Flecainide is a Class IC antiarrhythmic agent whose primary electrophysiologic effect is a slowing of conduction in a wide range of cardiac tissues. It is well absorbed and effective in suppressing isolated premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) or nonsustained ventricular arrhythmia but has only a modest efficacy when electrophysiologic testing is used as an endpoint. Us adverse effect on mortality in the CAST trial suggested a propensity to proarrhythmia-a phenomenon to which the Class IC agents appear particularly prone. Despite the applicability of the CAST study only to patients with a prior myocardial infarction, there has been a shift away from flecainide in ventricular arrhythmia, but the low noncardiac side effect profile of the agent allows for its continued use in a wide variety of supraventricular arrhythmias. ( J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 5, pp. 964–981. November 1994 ) 相似文献
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OP?SanjayEmail author P?Prashanth DI?Tauro 《Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2003,19(3):141-144
Background Post thoractomy pain is a major source of concern in the postoperative period. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the
effectiveness of intraoperative temporary intercostal nerve blockade versus thoracic epidural analgesia for control of post
thoracotomy pain.
Methods 40 patients undergoing elective pulmonary resection through a postero lateral thoractomy were randomly allocated to receive
epidural analgesia using 0.25% bupivicaine (Group A, n=20) or temporary intercostal nerve blockade using 0.25% bupivicaine
(Group B, n=20). Adequacy of analgesia was assessed over a period of 24 hours using a visual analogue score and an observer
verbal ranking scale.
Results Pain scores were similar in both the groups for the first 4 hours after surgery. Thereafter, the pain scores were significantly
higher (p<0.05) in Group B as compared to Group A for the remainder of the observation period. There was significantly higher
(p<0.01) usage, of nonsteroidal analgesic consumption in Group B. No neurological complications were encountered, in both
the study groups.
Conclusion We conclude that in the early postoperative period there is no significant difference in pain relief in both the techniques
but there after, epidural analgesia significantly reduces post thoracotomy pain. 相似文献
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OP?SanjayEmail author VR?Kadam J?Menezes P?Prashanth DI?Tauro 《Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery》2003,19(2):113-118
Background: Optimum pain relief following thoracotomy is essential for patient comfort and to reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary
complications.
Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 patients scheduled for pulmonary resection. The patients were randomly divided
into three groups. Group 1 received 0.125% bupivicaine with fentanyl 10μg.ml−1, Group 2 received 0.25% bupivicaine with fentanyl 10μg.ml−1 and Group 3 received only fentanyl 10μg.ml−1 in a calculated dose as a continuous thoracic epidural infusion. Adequacy of anglesia was assessed at rest and during movement
over 24 hours. Analgesic efficacy was assessed using a visual analogue score and an observer verbal ranking scale.
Results: Pain scores were significantly higher in Group 3 during the assessment period. (p<0.01) as compared to the other groups.
The use of intraoperative vasopressors was significantly higher (p<0.05) in Group 2 as compared to the other groups. No neurological
complications were encountered in any of the study groups.
Conclusion: We conclude that in the early postoperative period, the use of 0.125% bupivicaine improves fentanyl epidural analgesia in
patients undergoing lung resection. 相似文献
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Haplotype relative risks: an easy reliable way to construct a proper control sample for risk calculations 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
An alternative to Woolf's (1955) relative risk (RR) statistic is proposed for use in calculating the risk of disease in the presence of particular antigens or phenotypes. This alternative uses, as the control sample, the parental antigens or haplotypes not present in the affected child. The formulation of a haplotype relative risk (HRR) thus eliminates the problems of sampling from the same homogeneous population to form both the disease sample and an appropriate control.
We show that, in families selected through a single affected individual, where transmission of the four parental haplotypes can be followed unambiguously, the mathematical expectation of the HRR is identical to that of the RR. Since the sample formed from the 'non-affected' parental haplotypes is clearly from the same population as the disease sample, the HRR thus provides a reliable alternative to the RR. A further advantage obtains when family data are being collected as part of a study since the control sample is then automatically contained in the family material.
Data from studies of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are used to obtain an estimate of the risk to those with HLA antigens or phenotypes associated with IDDM using the HRR statistic. A comparison of the HRR's and RR's for these data is also presented. 相似文献
We show that, in families selected through a single affected individual, where transmission of the four parental haplotypes can be followed unambiguously, the mathematical expectation of the HRR is identical to that of the RR. Since the sample formed from the 'non-affected' parental haplotypes is clearly from the same population as the disease sample, the HRR thus provides a reliable alternative to the RR. A further advantage obtains when family data are being collected as part of a study since the control sample is then automatically contained in the family material.
Data from studies of patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) are used to obtain an estimate of the risk to those with HLA antigens or phenotypes associated with IDDM using the HRR statistic. A comparison of the HRR's and RR's for these data is also presented. 相似文献