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1.
Diane C. Mitchell Author Vitae Frank R. LawrenceAuthor Vitae Terryl J. HartmanAuthor Vitae Julianne M. CurranAuthor Vitae 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2009,109(5):909-913
The US Department of Agriculture's MyPyramid guidelines introduced a near doubling of the dietary recommendations for vegetables. These recommendations target specific subgroups of vegetables, including dry beans and peas. Dry beans and peas provide an array of nutrients and phytochemicals that have been shown to have beneficial health effects, yet consumption levels in the United States are quite low. Few studies have examined the influence of legume consumption on nutrient intakes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess nutrient and food group intakes of dry bean and pea consumers compared to nonconsumers. Dietary intake data from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for adults aged ≥19 years was used. Results show that on any given day only 7.9% of adults are consuming dry beans and peas; Mexican Americans or other Hispanics are more likely to be consumers than nonconsumers. Consuming approximately ½ c dry beans or peas resulted in higher intakes of fiber, protein, folate, zinc, iron, and magnesium with lower intakes of saturated fat and total fat. These data support the specific recommendation for dry beans and peas as part of the overall vegetable recommendation. Increased consumption of dry beans and peas—economical and nutrient-rich foods—could improve the diet quality of Americans. 相似文献
2.
Robert H. EckelAuthor Vitae Penny Kris-EthertonAuthor Vitae Alice H. LichtensteinAuthor Vitae Judith Wylie-RosettAuthor Vitae Allison Groom Author Vitae Kimberly F. StitzelAuthor Vitae Shirley Yin-PiazzaAuthor Vitae 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2009,109(2):288-296
In recent years, epidemiologic and clinical studies, public and regulatory policy activity, and media coverage have focused on issues related to trans fats. To help increase awareness and understanding of trans fats and other fats, the American Heart Association (AHA) launched the “Face the Fats” national consumer education campaign in April 2007. The AHA commissioned a quantitative tracking survey between 2006 and 2007 to measure changes in consumer awareness, knowledge, and behaviors related fats and oils and their perceived impact on heart disease. The survey was conducted by Cogent Research. Data were collected during March 2006 and May 2007. At both time points, the survey included a representative sample of the American population age 18 to 65 years (n=1,000). The sampling plan for the survey was designed based on the 2000 and 2003 US Census. The margin of error was ±3.10 percentage points. Awareness of trans fats increased during the 1-year study period. In 2007, 92% of respondents were aware of trans fats, an increase from 84% in 2006 (P<0.05). The 2007 level was similar to the awareness of saturated fats (93%). Perceptions that certain fats and oils heighten the risk of heart disease increased for trans fats (73% in 2007 vs 63% in 2006; P<0.05), saturated fats (77% in 2007 vs 73% in 2006; P<0.05), and partially hydrogenated oils (56% in 2007 vs 49% in 2006; P<0.05). Knowledge about food sources of different fats remained low. On an unaided basis, 21% could name three food sources of trans fats in 2007, up from 17% in 2006 (P<0.05). Knowledge of food sources of saturated fat remained unchanged at 30% in 2007. Significantly more respondents in 2007 reported behavioral changes related to trans fat information, such as buying food products because they show “zero trans fat” on labels or packages (37% in 2007 vs. 32% in 2006; P<0.05). Between 2006 and 2007, consumer awareness about trans fats increased and attained awareness levels similar to saturated fats. The increased awareness is associated with improved self-reported behaviors in grocery shopping. Nonetheless, overall knowledge, especially regarding food sources of saturated and trans fats, remains relatively low, underscoring the need for heightened consumer education activities. The positive change in consumer awareness about trans fats is likely attributable to the wide range of messages available to them, including the AHA “Face the Fats” national consumer education campaign. 相似文献
3.
Stefan Wirth Ekkehard Euler Ulrich Linsenmaier Sandro-Michael Heining Dorothea Kotsianos Klaus-Jürgen Pfeifer Wolf Mutschler Maximilian Reiser 《Computer aided surgery》2004,9(1-2):27-38
OBJECTIVE: To analyse the image quality and diagnostic effectiveness of a new C-arm-based 3D imaging method (C-arm-CT) for intraoperative evaluation of screw osteosyntheses adjacent to a peripheral joint. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Insertion of screws into four cadaveric specimens simulated the surgical treatment of talus neck fractures. Ten orthopedic surgeons and 10 radiologists evaluated X-ray, C-arm fluoroscopy, C-arm-CT and CT images. RESULTS: The best image quality was obtained with X-rays (p < 0.001), followed by C-arm fluoroscopy (2D) and CT, with the C-arm-CT (3D) being rated lowest (p < 0.001). The most correct diagnoses were obtained with CT and C-arm-CT (with no statistical difference between them), while C-arm-fluoroscopy was inferior (p < 0.001) and X-rays were the worst (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Even if the image quality of C-arm-CT is definitely inferior to that of CT, screw misplacements can be reliably detected using C-arm-CT. As compared to the current standard procedures (intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative radiography), C-arm-CT performed better. C-arm-CT is ideally suited to the intraoperative diagnosis of high-contrast inquiries like bone fragments and OS material, especially at the extremities. Coupling of the new 3D imaging to existing navigation systems is possible. C-arm-CT will support the further development and implementation of open and minimally invasive surgical procedures. 相似文献
4.
Barbara Bruemmer Author Vitae Jeffrey HarrisAuthor Vitae Phil GleasonAuthor Vitae Carol J. BousheyAuthor Vitae Patricia M. SheeanAuthor Vitae Sujata ArcherAuthor Vitae Linda Van HornAuthor Vitae 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2009,109(10):1728-1737
The use of epidemiologic research designs and analytical methods is common in dietetics research. Food and nutrition professionals who seek to perform evidence-based practice or participate in research design, analysis, and communication need skills in the essentials of epidemiology. This is one of a series of monographs on research methodology that addresses these needs and supports the goals of the Board of Editors of the Journal of the American Dietetic Association to further enhance competency and skills. This monograph focuses on statistical approaches for univariate analyses used with the primary observational study designs associated with epidemiology. Tables illustrating the presentation and interpretation of these results are included. 相似文献
5.
Barbara A. Laraia Author Vitae Judith B. BorjaAuthor Vitae Margaret E. BentleyAuthor Vitae 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2009,109(6):1042-1047
African Americans experience household food insecurity, ie, the limited availability of nutritionally adequate and safe food, or ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable ways, at three times the rate of non-Hispanic whites. Thirty percent of all African-American children live in food-insecure households. The purpose of this study was to identify characteristics associated with household food insecurity among a high-risk postpartum population. Two-hundred six low-income, African-American mother−infant dyads were recruited through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children clinics. The six-item US Department of Agriculture food security scale was used to classify households as food secure, marginally food secure, or food insecure. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate the association between selected maternal/household characteristics and household food-security status. Fifty-three percent of households were food secure, 34% were marginally food secure, and 13% were food insecure. Maternal education less than college (relative risk ratio [RRR]=0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22 to 0.98) was inversely associated with marginal food security. Depressive symptoms (RRR=1.09; 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.16) and having the baby's father in the household (RRR=3.46; 95% CI: 1.22 to 9.82) were associated with household food insecurity, while having a grandmother in the household (RRR=0.15; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.80) was inversely associated with experiencing household food insecurity. Findings from this study suggest that young, low-income, African-American families with only one child are particularly susceptible to experiencing household food insecurity. Intergenerational support and transfer of knowledge can be a key protective attribute among low-income African-American households. 相似文献
6.
Henri A. H. Winters Dorothea K. G. van Loenen 《European journal of plastic surgery》2007,29(5):205-208
Nowadays the vascularized free fibula flap and the free iliac crest flap are the methods most frequently used to reconstruct
the mandible. This is also the case in our clinic. A retrospective nonrandomized study was performed to compare both flaps.
The vascularized fibula free flap and the iliac crest free flap were compared in terms of logistics, flap failure, revisionary
surgery, donor site morbidity, and recipient site morbidity. No significant differences in flap failure and revision surgery
were found between the fibula group and the iliac crest group. Recipient site and donor site complications (major and minor)
were significantly less in the fibula group compared to the iliac crest group. In mandibular reconstruction, the free vascularized
fibula flap appears to be superior to the free vascularized iliac crest flap in terms of both recipient site and donor site
morbidity. 相似文献
7.
Rolf W. Hartmann Martin Frotscher Dorothea Ledergerber Gerald A. Wchter Gertrud L. Grün Tom F. Sergejew 《Archiv der Pharmazie》1996,329(5):251-261
In search of potential drugs for the treatment of estrogen- and androgen-dependent cancer as well as the prophylaxis of metastases, tetralones, tetralins, and dihydronaphthalenes bearing a OCH3 substituent at the benzene nucleus and an imidazol-4-yl, imidazol-1-yl, or 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl substituent in 2-position were synthesized with and without C1-spacer between the rings (compounds 2 – 26 ). The compounds were tested in vitro for inhibition of the three target enzymes P450 arom (human placental microsomes), P450 17 (rat testicular microsomes), and P450 TxA2 (citrated human whole blood). To examine selectivity, some compounds were further tested in vitro for inhibition of P450 18 (bovine adrenal mitochondria), P450 see (bovine adrenal mitochondria) and corticoid formation (aldosterone, corticosterone; ACTH stimulated rat adrenal tissue). In vivo, selected compounds were examined in Sprague Dawley rats regarding P450 TxA2 inhibition, reduction of plasma testosterone concentration, antiuterotrophic activity (inhibition of the uterotrophic activity of androstenedione), reduction of plasma estradiol concentration (pregnant mares' serum gonadotropin-primed rats), and mammary tumor inhibiting activity (dimethylbenzanthracene-induced tumor; pre- and postmenopausal model). In the series of imidazol-4-yl compounds, which represent a novelty in the field of azole inhibitors of steroidogenic P450 enzymes, strong inhibitors of P450 arom and/or P450 17 were found: 7-OCH3-2-(imidazol-4-ylmethylene)-1-tetralone ( 4 ) and 7-OCH3-2-(imidazol-4-ylmethyl)-tetralin ( 12 ) are among the most potent inhibitors of P450 arom in vitro known so far. Compound 4 is a selective inhibitor, whereas 12 shows in addition strong inhibition of P450 17. In contrast to 12 , the 6-OCH3 derivative (compound 11 ) is a selective inhibitor of P450 17, being 50 times more potent than ketoconazole. Some imidazol-1-yl compounds show a marked inhibition of P450 TxA2: 2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1-tetralone ( 13 ) is a selective inhibitor of P450 TxA2, whereas 7-OCH3-2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-tetralin ( 17 ) as well as 2-(imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-tetralin ( 16 ) and 7-OCH3-2-imidazol-1-yl-3,4-dihydronaphthalene ( 25 ) additionally show strong inhibition of P450 arom and P450 17. Regarding the other steroidogenic P450 enzymes as well as corticosterone formation, the compounds show only little inhibitory activity. Aldosterone formation, however, is inhibited at low concentrations. Nevertheless, 4 and 12 are more selective, i.e. inhibit aldosterone synthesis less than the well known inhibitor of P450 arom fadrozole. The compounds show activity in the aforementioned in vivo tests. 相似文献
8.
9.
Synovial sarcoma of the hand—A literature study 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
U. Y. Dreyfuss R. S. Boome Dorothea H. Kranold 《The Journal of hand surgery, European volume》1986,11(3):471-474
Ninety cases of synovial sarcoma of the hand, including eight case reports have been described during the last fifty years, (1934-1984). 8.5% of all synovial sarcomata involve the hand, and affect predominantly individuals under the age of thirty. The five-year survival of these cases was 18% and the ten-year survival 9%. 相似文献
10.
Erika W. Wamsteker Author Vitae Rinie GeenenAuthor Vitae Pierre M.J. ZelissenAuthor Vitae Eric F. van FurthAuthor Vitae Jolein IestraAuthor Vitae 《Journal of the American Dietetic Association》2009,109(11):1903-1908
Unrealistic weight-loss goals may impede the success of weight-loss attempts. The aim of this study was to examine the frequency of unrealistic goals and their association with other patient characteristics at the start of a weight-loss program. For patients with a body mass index (calculated as kg/m2) of 30 to 35, 35 to 40, or 40 to 50, medically advised weight-loss goals were set at 10%, 15%, and 20% of current weight, respectively. Personal weight-loss goals exceeding the medically advised goal by >50% were considered unrealistic. Obesity-related beliefs were measured by the “Obesity Cognition Questionnaire” and the eating-behavior self-efficacy scale of the “Obesity Psychosocial State Questionnaire.” From September 2003 until March 2006, 90 patients were enrolled in the study, 26 men and 64 women, with a mean age of 43 years (range=18 to 68 years) and body mass indexes ranging from 30 to 50. Unrealistic goals were observed in 49% of the patients and were more frequent in younger patients (P=0.03), in patients attributing their obesity to physical causes (r=0.35, P=0.001), and in patients not attributing their obesity to behavioral causes (r=−0.28, P=0.008). This study confirms that discrepancies in weight-loss goals between obese patients and professionals occur frequently. Because unrealistic goals can hamper long-term outcomes of weight-loss programs, better outcomes could possibly be achieved by addressing unrealistic weight-loss goals before treatment. 相似文献