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1.
EBV and KSHV are both gamma-herpesviruses which express multiple viral microRNAs. Various methods have been used to investigate the functions of these microRNAs, largely through identification of microRNA target genes. Surprisingly, these related viruses do not share significant sequence homology in their microRNAs. A number of reports have described functions of EBV and KSHV microRNA targets, however only three experimentally validated target genes have been shown to be targeted by microRNAs from both viruses. More sensitive methods to identify microRNA targets have predicted approximately 60% of host targets could be shared by EBV and KSHV microRNAs, but by targeting different sequences in the host targets. In this review, we explore the similarities of microRNA functions and targets of these related viruses. 相似文献
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Dhivya Bhoopathy Bhaskaran Ravi Latha T. S. Uma C. Sreekumar V. Leela 《Acta parasitologica / Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology, Warszawa, Poland》2014,59(1):153-157
Control of brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus was attempted by utilizing sustained release preparations of synthetic analogues of assembly pheromones. The assembly pheromone, in defined ratio, was encapsulated using poly-?-caprolactone by water-in-oil-in-water double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. In the in vitro bioassay, percent mortality with test microspheres was 95.6, 64 and 44 among the unfed larvae, unfed nymph and unfed adults respectively, 24 hours post-exposure. Field trials were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of microspheres in luring and killing environmental stages of R. sanguineus in dog houses/kennels. Engorged and unfed stages in the environment were found adhered and dead on the specially designed lure. 相似文献
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Arokiasamy Justin-Thenmozhi Mathiyazahan Dhivya Bharathi Ramaraj Kiruthika Thamilarasan Manivasagam Anupom Borah Musthafa Mohamed Essa 《Neurotoxicity research》2018,34(3):463-476
Hesperidin, a flavanoglycone abundantly present in citrus fruits, is reported to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Previous reports from our laboratory indicated the neuroprotective effect of hesperidin against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced memory loss, acetylcholine esterase hyperactivity, oxidative stress, and enhanced expression of amyloid β protein biosynthesis-related markers. However, their role on AlCl3-induced inflammation, caspase activation, Tau pathology, altered Akt/GSK 3β signaling pathway, and Aβ clearance marker has not yet been fully elucidated. Intraperitonial injection of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days significantly elevated the expressions of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE), cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK 5), and phosphoTau (pTau); inflammatory markers such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), NF-kB, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); and apoptotic markers including cytosolic cytochrome c (cyto c), caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and lowered expressions of mitochondrial cyto c, phospho-Akt (pAkt) and phospho-glycogen synthase kinase-3β (pGSK-3β) in the hippocampus and cortex. Co-administration of hesperidin to AlCl3 rats for 60 days significantly ameliorated the aluminum-induced pathological changes. The behavioral studies also supported the above findings. Our results imply that treatment with hesperidin might be a potent option for treating the symptoms of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by targeting its most prominent hallmarks. 相似文献
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Pollutants including insecticides have been recently reported to be a risk factor involved in various diseases. Permethrin,
a member of the family of synthetic pyrethroids, is widely used as insecticide in agriculture and other domestic applications.
To investigate possible cardiotoxicity, we had examined different concentrations of permethrin on the freshly isolated rat
heart cells using the alkaline comet assay. A significant difference in % tail DNA between all concentrations of permethrin
(5, 10, 20 μM) and vehicle (control) without enzymes and with Fpg-treated cells were measured. The results indicated that
permethrin induced oxidative damage to purine bases in the heart cells. Pyrimidines oxidation was evaluated using Endonuclease
III (Endo III), but the results did not reveal any significant changes. After permethrin exposure, cells were studied to evaluate
their DNA repair capacity. A complete DNA repair at 10 and 20 μM was measured after 30 and 60 min of repair intervals. Significant
change in plasma membrane fluidity at different depths of bilayer was measured following permethrin treatment. Membrane fluidity
in the hydrophilic–hydrophobic region was reduced, while the hydrophobic inner resulted more fluid following permethrin treatment
of heart cells. This work points to standardize conditions applicable to ex vivo cells following in vivo treatment in order
to study the cardiotoxicity of insecticide. 相似文献
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Shanmugarajan Krishnan Emese Szabo Isabel Burghardt Karl Frei Ghazaleh Tabatabai Michael Weller 《Oncotarget》2015,6(26):22480-22495
Glioblastoma are among the most angiogenic tumors. The molecular mechanisms that control blood vessel formation by endothelial cells (EC) in glioblastoma remain incompletely understood. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a key regulatory cytokine that has proinvasive and stemness-maintaining autocrine properties in glioblastoma and confers immunosuppression to the tumor microenvironment. Here we characterize potential pro- and anti-angiogenic activities of TGF-β in the context of glioblastoma in vitro, using human brain-derived microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) and glioblastoma-derived endothelial cells (GMEC) as model systems. We find that TGF-β induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and placental growth factor (PlGF) mRNA expression and protein release in a TGF-β receptor (TβR) II / activin-like kinase (ALK)-5-dependent manner under normoxia and hypoxia, defining potential indirect proangiogenic activity of TGF-β in glioblastoma. In parallel, exogenous TGF-β has also inhibitory effects on EC properties and induces endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in hCMEC and GMEC. Accordingly, direct inhibition of endogenous TGF-β/ALK-5 signalling increases EC properties such as tube formation, von-Willebrand factor (vWF) and claudin (CLDN) 5 expression. Yet, the supernatant of TGF-β-stimulated hCMEC and GMEC strongly promotes EC-related gene expression and tube formation in a cediranib-sensitive manner. These observations shed light on the complex pro- and anti-angiogenic pathways involving the cross-talk between TGF-β and VEGF/PLGF signalling in glioblastoma which may involve parallel stimulation of angiogenesis and EndMT in distinct target cell populations. 相似文献
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