全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2261篇 |
免费 | 162篇 |
国内免费 | 16篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 15篇 |
儿科学 | 38篇 |
妇产科学 | 19篇 |
基础医学 | 260篇 |
口腔科学 | 49篇 |
临床医学 | 195篇 |
内科学 | 560篇 |
皮肤病学 | 46篇 |
神经病学 | 296篇 |
特种医学 | 116篇 |
外科学 | 383篇 |
综合类 | 5篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 151篇 |
眼科学 | 20篇 |
药学 | 127篇 |
中国医学 | 8篇 |
肿瘤学 | 150篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 31篇 |
2022年 | 107篇 |
2021年 | 167篇 |
2020年 | 82篇 |
2019年 | 107篇 |
2018年 | 92篇 |
2017年 | 77篇 |
2016年 | 91篇 |
2015年 | 98篇 |
2014年 | 114篇 |
2013年 | 146篇 |
2012年 | 201篇 |
2011年 | 190篇 |
2010年 | 121篇 |
2009年 | 90篇 |
2008年 | 121篇 |
2007年 | 113篇 |
2006年 | 106篇 |
2005年 | 92篇 |
2004年 | 78篇 |
2003年 | 62篇 |
2002年 | 43篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1993年 | 5篇 |
1992年 | 6篇 |
1991年 | 5篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1989年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 1篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1967年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有2439条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Federico Giuseppe Usuelli Cristian Indino Camilla Maccario Luigi Manzi Federico Maria Liuni Ettore Vulcano 《Foot and Ankle Surgery》2019,25(1):19-23
Background
Total ankle replacement (TAR) represents an alternative to fusion for the treatment of end-stage ankle osteoarthritis. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively assess the frequency of infections between TARs with anterior and lateral transfibular approach at 12-months follow-up.Methods
81 TARs through an anterior approach and 69 TARs through a lateral approach were performed between May 2011 and July 2015. We compared surgical time and tourniquet time, as well as superficial and deep infections frequency during the first 12 postoperative months.Results
In the anterior approach group, there were 3 (3.7%) deep infections and 4 (4.9%) superficial wound infections. In the lateral approach group, there were 1 (1.4%) deep infection and 2 superficial wound infections (2.9%). There were not statistically significant differences between the groups. There was a significant difference between anterior approach (115 minutes) and lateral approach group (179 minutes) in terms of surgical time (P < 0.001).Conclusions
The frequency of superficial and deep periprosthetic infections during the first postoperative year was not significantly different in the lateral approach group compared to the anterior approach group, despite the significantly longer surgical time in the lateral transfibular approach group. 相似文献3.
Giorgio Gandaglia Guillaume Ploussard Massimo Valerio Agostino Mattei Cristian Fiori Nicola Fossati Armando Stabile Jean-Baptiste Beauval Bernard Malavaud Mathieu Roumiguié Daniele Robesti Paolo Dell’Oglio Marco Moschini Stefania Zamboni Arnas Rakauskas Francesco De Cobelli Francesco Porpiglia Francesco Montorsi Alberto Briganti 《European urology》2019,75(3):506-514
Background
Available models for predicting lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer (PCa) patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP) might not be applicable to men diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-targeted biopsies.Objective
To assess the accuracy of available tools to predict LNI and to develop a novel model for men diagnosed via MRI-targeted biopsies.Design, setting, and participants
A total of 497 patients diagnosed via MRI-targeted biopsies and treated with RP and extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) at five institutions were retrospectively identified.Outcome measurements and statistical analyses
Three available models predicting LNI were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analyses. A nomogram predicting LNI was developed and internally validated.Results and limitations
Overall, 62 patients (12.5%) had LNI. The median number of nodes removed was 15. The AUC for the Briganti 2012, Briganti 2017, and MSKCC nomograms was 82%, 82%, and 81%, respectively, and their calibration characteristics were suboptimal. A model including PSA, clinical stage and maximum diameter of the index lesion on multiparametric MRI (mpMRI), grade group on targeted biopsy, and the presence of clinically significant PCa on concomitant systematic biopsy had an AUC of 86% and represented the basis for a coefficient-based nomogram. This tool exhibited a higher AUC and higher net benefit compared to available models developed using standard biopsies. Using a cutoff of 7%, 244 ePLNDs (57%) would be spared and a lower number of LNIs would be missed compared to available nomograms (1.6% vs 4.6% vs 4.5% vs 4.2% for the new nomogram vs Briganti 2012 vs Briganti 2017 vs MSKCC).Conclusions
Available models predicting LNI are characterized by suboptimal accuracy and clinical net benefit for patients diagnosed via MRI-targeted biopsies. A novel nomogram including mpMRI and MRI-targeted biopsy data should be used to identify candidates for ePLND in this setting.Patient summary
We developed the first nomogram to predict lymph node invasion (LNI) in prostate cancer patients diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging-targeted biopsy undergoing radical prostatectomy. Adoption of this model to identify candidates for extended pelvic lymph node dissection could avoid up to 60% of these procedures at the cost of missing only 1.6% patients with LNI. 相似文献4.
The antero-posterior diameter of the lumbar dural sac does not predict sensory levels of spinal anesthesia for Cesarean delivery 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cristian Arzola Mrinalini Balki Jose C. A. Carvalho 《Journal canadien d'anesthésie》2007,54(8):620-625
PURPOSE: The lumbosacral cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume, as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, is a major determinant of the intrathecal spread of local anesthetics. Ultrasound imaging of the lumbar spine allows measurement of dural sac dimensions, which we hypothesize can be used to estimate CSF volume. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the dural sac antero-posterior diameter correlates with sensory levels of spinal anesthesia during elective Cesarean delivery (CD). METHODS: After Research Ethics Board approval and informed consent, a prospective observational study enrolled 41 patients scheduled for elective CD under spinal anesthesia. With ultrasound imaging (transverse approach, 2-5 MHz curved array probe), we measured the antero-posterior diameter of the lumbar dural sac (dural sac diameter, DSD). Spinal anesthesia was administered with 0.75% hyperbaric bupivacaine 1.6 mL, fentanyl 10 microg and morphine 100 microg, with the patient in the sitting position. Sensory block levels were assessed with ice and pinprick every five minutes until peak sensory levels (PSL) were attained. Spearman's rank correlation was used to correlate DSD with PSL and time to attain PSL. RESULTS: There were no significant correlations between DSD and PSL assessed with ice (P = 0.474) or pinprick (P = 0.583). Similarly, there was no significant correlation between DSD and time to reach PSL, and between DSD and patient demographics. CONCLUSION: The lumbar DSD, as determined by ultrasound, is not a predictor of spinal anesthesia spread. Further research is necessary to understand if ultrasound findings can be used to predict intrathecal spread of local anesthetics. 相似文献
5.
Axonal neuropathy in a patient with monoclonal IgM kappa reactive with Schmidt-Lantermann incisures 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Angelo Quattrini Raffaello Nemni Raffaella Fazio Sandro Iannaccone Isabella Lorenzetti Franco Grassi Nicola Canal 《Journal of neuroimmunology》1991,33(1):73-79
We report a patient with a progressive, predominantly sensory neuropathy and a IgM kappa M-protein that binds to Schmidt-Lantermann incisures. A sural nerve biopsy showed primary axonal damage and IgM deposits at Schmidt-Lantermann incisures were seen by direct immunoperoxidase. Serum from the patient injected into rat sciatic nerve reacts with the incisures as with those in the patient's nerve. The IgM kappa M-protein reacts with chondroitin sulfate C and binds to a broad nerve protein band with a mobility of between 170 and 118 kDa. Peripheral neuropathy may be related to the M-protein, which had immunocytochemical reactivity not previously described for patients with polyneuropathy and IgM monoclonal gammopathy. 相似文献
6.
7.
8.
Beatriz Lara Cristian de la Roza Sara Vil�� Rafael Vidal Marc Miravitlles 《INT J CHRONIC OBSTR》2007,2(3):393-398
The Spanish registry of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency was founded in 1993 and became a member of the International Registry (AIR) in 1999. We describe the updating process following its incorporation into AIR and compare the data collected in the first period (1993–1999) and the second period (1999–2005), during which time patients were included exclusively by internet.The registry included 301 patients during period 1, 69% males and 46% had a history of smoking. Their mean age was 46 years (SD = 13) and 284 (94%) had the ZZ phenotype, 49% received augmentation therapy. During period 2, 161 new cases were included, 63% of whom were males with a mean age of 44 years (SD = 16). A total of 126 (78%) had the ZZ phenotype. Only 12% received augmentation therapy. A total of 462 different patients were included in both periods. Significant differences were observed in the number of cases with the SZ phenotype and the severity of FEV1 impairment between the two periods.Implementation of an internet-based collection of data did not result in a lower rate of reporting to the registry. However, data from a significant number of patient included in period 1 could not be actualized in the new data base. 相似文献
9.
Cristian Sevcencu 《Neuromodulation》2007,10(2):100-112
Studies performed to date have shown that electrical stimulation of the stomach and intestines can create or modulate motility functions in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, electrical stimulation of GI organs may become a valuable alternative to medication and surgical approaches in the treatment of GI motor dysfunctions. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects induced by electrical stimulation of the gut wall are not totally understood, and such knowledge is important for further development of stimulation methods and devices. Presently, it is known that electrical stimulation of GI organs triggers complex reactions comprising excitatory and inhibitory responses of the excitable components performing or controlling motility in the GI tract. I present here a review of what is known of the mechanisms of GI organ stimulation. 相似文献
10.
Genotypes and haplotypes in the IL-1 gene cluster: analysis of two genetically and diagnostically distinct groups of Alzheimer patients 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Seripa D Matera MG Dal Forno G Gravina C Masullo C Daniele A Binetti G Bonvicini C Squitti R Palermo MT Davis DG Antuono P Wekstein DR Dobrina A Gennarelli M Fazio VM 《Neurobiology of aging》2005,26(4):455-464
Increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene cluster, and in particular with the IL-1alpha-889 T/T genotype. However, this association is still unclear, and needs further investigation. In order to clarify the role of these polymorphisms in the complex pathogenesis of AD we examined genotype and haplotype frequencies of the two C-to-T SNPs at position -889 and -551 in the IL-1alpha and IL-1beta genes, respectively, and of the 86 bp VNTR intron-2 polymorphisms in the IL-1Ra gene. The analysis was performed in two genetically and diagnostically distinct groups of sporadic AD from Italy and the USA. In the Italian group a significant association between the IL-1alpha-889 T/T genotype and AD (OR=3.022, 95% CI: 1.001-9.119) was found, whereas no difference was found in the group from the USA. Results were also compared with previously published studies that analyzed the same IL-1 polymorphisms in AD. In both groups, the analysis of the estimated haplotypes shows that AD patients and controls who carry the IL-1beta-511 C allele, were also more frequently carriers of the IL-1Ra 1 allele (haplotypes -C-1). The total frequency of the two -C-1 haplotypes (C-C-1 plus T-C-1) was about one half of the total frequency of the eight estimated haplotypes. This was confirmed by significant linkage disequilibrium between these two loci in both the Italian and USA groups. In the Italian group a weak association of the T-C-2 haplotype with the disease (OR=1.648, 95% CI: 1.519-1.788) was also found, whereas in the USA group no difference was found. Although ours and other published data on different samples of Caucasian and non-Caucasian AD show a great heterogeneity in the frequencies of the IL-1alpha-889, the IL-1beta-511 and the IL-1Ra VNTR gene polymorphisms, we confirm the role of the IL-1alpha-889 T/T genotype as a risk factor for sporadic AD, and show the presence of an allelic association between IL-1beta C and IL-1Ra 1 alleles in both the Italian and the USA groups, confirmed by the presence of significant levels of linkage disequilibrium between these two loci. 相似文献