Purpose The main objective of this study was to understand, describe and map the experiences, challenges and needs of individuals with lifelong disabilities, who have been exposed to chronic politically violent events (terror, war or continuous missile attacks) in Israel. Method The study was conducted within the qualitative-constructivist paradigm. Three focus groups consisting of 18 individuals with lifelong disabilities were conducted; each focus group included a specific disability type (physical, visual and hearing impairment). Results The participants reported encountering environmental barriers, such as inaccessibly of the physical environment and information as well as dependency on others. These barriers limited the participants' functioning during emergency period and thus increased their level of distress. The participants also emphasized their physical, social and psychological needs. Conclusions The needs of individuals with disabilities in emergency situations can be met if they have a safe place to stay in, are with someone else, and plan every daily action in advance. It is also imperative to provide accessible services and information. Furthermore, it is recommended to develop training sessions for individuals with disabilities and for service providers regarding how to locate, communicate with and assist individuals with disabilities during security threat situations.
Implications for Rehabilitation
Successful coping of individuals with lifelong disabilities with chronic politically violent events depends on personal and organizational accommodations.
Besides an accessible physical environment, the information provided should be available and accessible through mass media and assistive technologies.
A comprehensive emergency service for various disabilities is needed.
Service providers should be trained on how to locate, communicate with, and assist individuals with disabilities during security threat situations.
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction - The relatively little research on disclosure of mental illness has mainly presented the perspective of the individual who copes with a mental... 相似文献
Women with disabilities may face social negative attitudes with regard to their being mothers. In addition, attitudes toward different disabilities form a hierarchy, with more positive attitudes being displayed toward persons with physical disabilities than toward persons with psychiatric disabilities.
Objective
Current observational study examined whether the relationship between a woman's type of disability (psychiatric vs. physical) and the social attitude towards her would be moderated by her being presented as a mother.
Method
University students (N?=?100) filled out the Multidimensional Attitudes Scale Toward Persons With Disabilities and the Social Distance Scale, after reading one of six randomly assigned fictitious vignettes. The vignettes consisted of a woman with a physical disability/a woman with a psychiatric disability/a woman without a disability, who either was or was not a mother.
Results
Type of disability was found to have a main effect in some attitude domains, suggesting that attitudes toward women with physical disabilities were better than attitudes towards women with psychiatric disabilities. An interaction between type of disability and motherhood was found for the interpersonal distress subscale of the attitudes scale. It was found that when women had physical disabilities, there was no change in attitude towards them regardless of whether they were presented as mothers or not; However, when the target woman had a psychiatric disability, and she was presented as a mother, negative attitudes were generated towards her.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates the existence of a hierarchy of stigmatization and the effect of being a mother on stigmatization. 相似文献
The presence of implanted biomaterials increases host susceptibility to infections. Once established, biomaterial-mediated infections are resistant to treatment and persist until the device is removed. The objective of this work was to study the prevention of bacterial-biofilm formation on polymeric implant (polyurethane) by controlled release of incorporated antibacterial agents (parabens). By embedding parabens in PU by the solvent-cast method, matrices with amorphous dispersions (or solid solutions) were obtained. Release rate modulation was achieved by using different MW parabens and by a rate-limiting membrane. Preliminary in vitro antibacterial studies of both methyl and propyl paraben matrices exhibited significant inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation. Propyl paraben matrices (15 and 20% w/w drug load) decreased the number of colony-forming units on PU surface to 2 x 10(4)/mL, in comparison to 6 x 10(5) on control polymers. This significant reduction was obtained without any effect on the number of viable bacteria in the suspension culture. This type of delivery system provides regional prophylactic activity by creating a high local concentration of antibacterial agent. 相似文献
Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that older people who seek medical help for subjective memory complaints (SMC) may be at risk for depression, poor quality of life (QoL), and functional limitations. This study aims to: (1) further investigate bio-psycho-social characteristics, participation in personally meaningful activities and QoL of help-seekers; and (2) examine the relationship of these characteristics to QoL, and explore the unique contribution of participation to QoL.
Methods: Cognitive, meta-cognitive, emotional, social, participation, and QoL measures were used to compare 51 help-seekers referred from geriatric clinics to 40 age-matched controls who did not seek help for memory problems.
Results: Help-seekers exhibited lower participation and QoL, had lower mean cognitive scores, reported more memory mistakes and negative memory-beliefs, more depression, worse self-efficacy, and less positive social interaction than non-help-seekers. Quality of life in help-seekers was significantly correlated with most variables. Participation contributed to the explained variance of QoL in help-seekers, beyond that accounted for by cognition and emotional status.
Discussion: Help-seekers with SMC exhibited a complex health condition that includes not only SMC, but also objective memory impairment, depression, functional restrictions, negative memory beliefs, low perception of memory abilities, reduced self-efficacy and insufficient social interactions, all associated with lower QoL. This multi-faceted condition should be considered in the treatment of help-seekers.
Implications for Rehabilitation
Older people who seek help for subjective memory complaints may be facing a larger problem involving bio-psycho-social factors, affecting participation in meaningful activities and quality of life.
Quality of life may be improved via treatment of depression, functional restrictions, memory beliefs, self-efficacy, and positive social interactions.
Participation in meaningful activities is an especially important target for improving health and quality of life in this population.
Interventions for older adults seeking help for subjective memory complaints will benefit from adopting a bio-psycho-social rehabilitation perspective.