全文获取类型
收费全文 | 641篇 |
免费 | 71篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 32篇 |
儿科学 | 10篇 |
妇产科学 | 7篇 |
基础医学 | 112篇 |
口腔科学 | 6篇 |
临床医学 | 118篇 |
内科学 | 107篇 |
皮肤病学 | 2篇 |
神经病学 | 58篇 |
特种医学 | 6篇 |
外科学 | 74篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
预防医学 | 67篇 |
眼科学 | 14篇 |
药学 | 14篇 |
肿瘤学 | 82篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 12篇 |
2018年 | 15篇 |
2017年 | 6篇 |
2016年 | 11篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 16篇 |
2013年 | 43篇 |
2012年 | 29篇 |
2011年 | 40篇 |
2010年 | 19篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 35篇 |
2007年 | 33篇 |
2006年 | 32篇 |
2005年 | 24篇 |
2004年 | 25篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 10篇 |
2001年 | 16篇 |
2000年 | 25篇 |
1999年 | 15篇 |
1998年 | 5篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 13篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 7篇 |
1985年 | 14篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 8篇 |
1979年 | 6篇 |
1978年 | 12篇 |
1977年 | 9篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1974年 | 7篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 7篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1967年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有715条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
PURPOSE: Men have a lower uptake of genetic services than women; however, the specific needs and preferences of men at risk of genetic conditions other than hereditary breast ovarian cancer are not known. We ascertain the information preferences of men with a family history of prostate cancer. METHODS: Unaffected men and their partners were administered a written questionnaire. RESULTS: Responses were received from 280 men (response rate: 59.2%) and 174 partners (response rate: 74%). Most men (59.6%) reported having insufficient information about their risk and wanted further information about personal risk (93.2%) and risk management (93.6%). Strikingly, 56.3% preferred to receive information related only to positive outcomes. Urologists were the preferred source of information, but there was considerable interest in a multidisciplinary service approach significantly associated with the number of affected relatives (odds ratio = 1.94, P < .002). Partners' level of concern was not associated with interest in multidisciplinary services, satisfaction with information, or support received. CONCLUSIONS: Delivering services to men at risk will require a multifaceted approach by primary care providers and specialists. Challenges include meeting men's expectations in the face of uncertain medical knowledge, engaging those at high risk in multidisciplinary services, and delivering tailored information to those at lower risk. 相似文献
2.
Gastric and duodenal mucosa in ''healthy'' individuals. An endoscopic and histopathological study of 50 volunteers.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The results of histological and immunohistochemical examination of gastric and duodenal biopsy specimens from 50 volunteers without a clinical history of gastrointestinal disease are reported. Multiple specimens of tissue from standard sites in the stomach and duodenum were carefully orientated, and serially sectioned for examination by light microscopy and for immunohistochemical characterisation of plasma cells within the lamina propria. The antrum and fundus were normal in 32 of the 50 subjects but the other 18 showed histopathological evidence of gastritis in either the antrum or fundus. The latter appeared to be age-related. There was considerable variation in the appearance of the surface epithelium of the duodenum within as well as among individual subjects. Superficial gastric metaplasia in one or more biopsy specimens from the duodenal bulb was found in 64% of individuals. Histopathological examination of the duodenum revealed signs of chronic inflammation in 12% of the subjects. In two individuals there was active inflammation but in only one of these was the diagnosis made on endoscopic appearances. Histological criteria important for the diagnosis of duodenitis are discussed. The number of plasma cells in different biopsy specimens from subjects not showing histological signs of inflammation was variable. The ratio IgA:IgG:IgM producing plasma cells was remarkably constant from subject to subject as well as from specimen to specimen. 相似文献
3.
Monitoring serum CEA in women with primary breast tumours positive for oestrogen receptor and with spread to lymph nodes.
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of clinical pathology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
J C van der Linden J P Baak T Postma J Lindeman C J Meyer 《Journal of clinical pathology》1985,38(11):1229-1234
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen concentrations (serum CEA) in 80 patients with primary breast cancer were measured preoperatively, one month after operation, and thereafter serially every third month. These data were related to histological and morphometric features of the primary breast carcinoma and the lymph node metastases and to clinical follow up data. Analysis of the serum CEA values showed significant correlations with size of tumour, the presence of lymph node metastases, oestrogen receptor, and occurrence of distant metastases. Furthermore, the results indicated that serial determination of serum CEA in the first two years after operation may be useful in monitoring for the occurrence of distant metastases in patients with metastatic spread to lymph nodes and with large (greater than or equal to 2 cm) primary breast tumours positive for oestrogen receptor. In agreement with other studies, however, it was found that the predictive value of serum CEA concentrations in general is weak and costs may prohibit the implementation of the routine assessment of CEA concentrations. 相似文献
4.
Cats A Schenk BE Bloemena E Roosedaal R Lindeman J Biemond I Klinkenberg-Knol EC Meuwissen SG Kuipers EJ 《Human pathology》2000,31(6):684-690
Parietal cell protrusion (PCP), swelling and bulging of parietal cells, has been observed in the oxyntic mucosa of patients receiving omeprazole. The frequency of this event and the underlying mechanisms remain to be clarified. As such, it is unknown whether there is a relation with either serum gastrin or Helicobacter pylori infection, and whether PCP predisposes to the development of fundic gland cysts (FGC). We therefore investigated the development of PCP and FGC in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) patients treated with omeprazole and correlated findings to duration of therapy, gastrin, and H pylori infection. In a randomized, double-blinded study, GERD patients were evaluated by endoscopy with biopsy sampling for histology and culture at baseline, and after 3 and 12 months' therapy with omeprazole 40 mg daily. H pylori-positive patients were randomized to additional eradication therapy or placebo antibiotics at baseline. All histological slides were scored blinded for time and outcome of culture for the presence of PCP and FGC. Fasting serum samples from all visits were used for gastrin measurements. The prevalence of PCP increased during omeprazole therapy from 18% at baseline to 79% and 86% at 3 and 12 months (P < .001, baseline v both 3 and 12 months). The prevalence of FGC increased from 8% to 17% and 35% (P < .05, baseline v 12 months). The prevalence of PCP and FGC did not differ among the H pylori-positive and H pylori-negative patients at baseline (PCP 16% v 20% and FGC 7% v 8%, respectively). Whereas H pylori eradication did not significantly affect development of PCP (P = .7), FGC developed significantly more often in the H pylori-eradicated patients when compared with persistent H pylori-positive patients (P < .05). PCP development was related to serum gastrin rise during therapy. In conclusion, PCP occurs in most patients within the first months of omeprazole treatment and is related to increased gastrin levels. FGC develops more gradually and is enhanced by H pylori eradication. 相似文献
5.
H. Pavenstädt V. Lindeman S. Lindeman K. Kunzelmann M. Späth R. Greger 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1991,419(1):69-75
Vascular smooth muscle cells of rabbit aorta were enzymatically dispersed, kept in primary culture, and studied between days 1 and 7 in a bath rinsed with Ringer-like solution at 37°C. The electrical membrane potential difference (PD) was measured with microelectrodes. The mean value of PD was –50±0.4 mV (n=53). Cromakalim (BRL 34915), 1 mol/l and 10 mol/l, hyperpolarized the membrane potential by 9±1 mV (n=11) and 15±1 mV (n=53) respectively. Glibenclamide (10 mol/l) abolished the hyperpolarizing effect of cromakalim (n=6). Simultaneous addition of cromakalim and glibenclamide (both 10 mol/l, n=11) and glibenclamide itself (10 mol/l, n=7) had no effect on PD. In patch-clamp experiments in outside-out-oriented Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels, cromakalim increased the open probability (P
o) only slightly and only with a cytosolic Ca2+ activity of 1 mol/l. In all other series cromakalim had no effect on the P
o of these channels. Forskolin (10 mol/l) hyperpolarized PD by 6±1 mV (n=13). The nucleotides UTP, ATP and ITP (10 mol/l) depolarized PD by 12±1 mV (n=7), 8±1 mV (n=65) and 5±1 mV (n=6) respectively. GTP, [,-methylene]ATP and adenosine had no significant effect. Mn2+ (1 mmol/l, n=18), Ni2+ (1 mmol/l, n=13), Co2+ (1 mmol/l, n=11), Zn2+ (1 mmol/l, n=6) and the Ca2+-channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine (both 0.1 mmol/l, n=6) did not attenuate the depolarization induced by 10 mol/l ATP. Fetal calf serum (100 ml/l, n=7) depolarized PD by 11±2 mV. This effect was not abolished by nifedipine or by replacing NaCl by choline chloride. The data indicate that PD of vascular smooth muscle cells is depolarized by P2 agonists and hyperpolarized by the K+-channel opener cromakalim. The effect of cromakalim is antagonized by glibenclamide. The effect of cromakalim is probably not mediated by the K+ channel identified in excised patches.Supported by DFG Gr 480/10 相似文献
6.
Sergey V. Lindeman Igor I. Ponomaryov Nikolai I. Raevsky Yurii T. Struchkov Alexandr L. Rusanov 《Macromolecular chemistry and physics.》1994,195(2):555-570
The X-ray structural investigation of the naphthoylenebis-(benzimidazole) ( 1 ) cis- and trans-isomers as models for the cis and trans elementary units of the corresponding poly(naphthoylene-benzimidazoles) (PNBI) was carried out. The correctness of the previous identification of the isomers was confirmed, and exact geometrical parameters of the PNBI elementary units (required, in particular, for the calculation of the Kuhn segment of PNBI) were determined. Quantum-chemical semi-empirical calculations of the ground and excited electronic states of the isomers were carried out. Both experimental and theoretical data confirm a larger stability of the planar π-conjugated structure of the trans-isomer in comparison with the cis-isomer in the ground as well as in the excited electronic state. Crystals of the cis- and trans-isomers obtained from trifluoroacetic acid solutions are the solvates of bis(trifluoroacetates) of diprotonated 1 with an extremely high content of the solvating trifluoroacetic acid. This peculiarity is favourable for modelling the main characteristics of the interaction between PNBI and protonic polar solvent molecules, viz. preferred types of H-bonding and a possibility of interaction of the electronic lone pairs of the solvent molecules with the π-electronic systems of the elementary units of PNBI by charge transfer complexes. 相似文献
7.
BackgroundCurrent practice patterns for adrenalectomy among endocrine surgeons is a limited area of study. Here we survey relatively junior endocrine surgeons regarding educational experiences in adrenalectomy and correlate these with current practice.MethodsAn electronic survey was sent to recent AAES-accredited fellowships graduates (2014–2019), querying adrenalectomy volume and approaches during fellowship and current practice patterns.ResultsMost graduates (63.2%) performed >20 adrenalectomies in fellowship. Exposure was greatest to open (94.1%) and laparoscopic transabdominal (92.6%) adrenalectomy, followed by retroperitoneoscopic (86.7%). The majority (73.5%) of respondents stated their current practice patterns are the same as their exposure during training. Preoperative diagnosis, side of lesion, and patient comorbidities were all ranked as significant predictors affecting choice of approach (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe large majority of AAES fellowship graduates receive high-volume adrenalectomy experience in several approaches. The technique to which a trainee was exposed to most frequently was the greatest predictor for preferential approach in current practice. 相似文献
8.
Malcolm P. Cutchin MA James C. Norton PhD Mae Marie Quan MSEd David Bolt MA Sarah Hughes BSN Barry Lindeman MBA 《The Journal of rural health》1994,10(4):273-278
An important aspect of primary care physician availability is the retention of physicians once they have located. While retention has been under-researched compared to recruitment, it is especially important in rural areas where physician shortages already exist. This study reports the results of a retention survey completed by 132 primary care physicians in rural eastern Kentucky. The survey sets up an objective, hypothetical retention scenario and asks physicians to respond to structured questions and to an open-ended question about factors not appearing in the survey. In response to the structured portion of the survey, physicians indicate that relief coverage is the most important factor in rural physician retention. A content analysis of 75 open-ended responses reveals that besides the other factors in the survey, "sociocultural integration" is the pre-eminent retention issue for rural practitioners. This article concludes that the role of the local rural community may be more important in retention than in recruitment. Finally, it is suggested that additional in-depth qualitative research be conducted within the local contexts to enhance the understanding of rural physician retention processes. 相似文献
9.
Frequency of the ATM IVS10-6T→G variant in Australian multiple-case breast cancer families
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Breast cancer research : BCR》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
10.
Phase I study of gefitinib plus celecoxib in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lori J Wirth Robert I Haddad Neal I Lindeman Xiaojun Zhao Jeffrey C Lee Victoria A Joshi Charles M Norris Marshall R Posner 《Journal of clinical oncology》2005,23(28):6976-6981
PURPOSE: Effective and tolerable palliative treatments are needed for patients with incurable squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Single-agent targeted therapies have limited activity in this setting. The feasibility of adding celecoxib to gefitinib for the treatment of incurable SCCHN is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with unresectable recurrent locoregional and/or distant metastatic SCCHN with progressive disease after at least one prior chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy regimen were enrolled onto this single-institution phase I study. Three dose levels were explored: (1) celecoxib 200 mg twice daily plus gefitinib 250 mg daily; (2) celecoxib 400 mg twice daily plus gefitinib 250 mg daily; and (3) celecoxib 400 mg twice daily plus gefitinib 500 mg daily. RESULTS: No dose-limiting toxicities were encountered at any dose level. The most common toxicities were acneiform rash, diarrhea, hand reaction, dyspepsia, and anemia. Four of 18 patients assessable for response (22%; 95% CI, 2% to 42%) achieved a confirmed partial response. CONCLUSION: The combination of gefitinib 500 mg daily plus celecoxib 400 mg twice daily is well-tolerated. The encouraging responses seen in this early study suggest further evaluation of epidermal growth factor receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in SCCHN is warranted. 相似文献