全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3755篇 |
免费 | 250篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 45篇 |
儿科学 | 125篇 |
妇产科学 | 77篇 |
基础医学 | 526篇 |
口腔科学 | 76篇 |
临床医学 | 359篇 |
内科学 | 778篇 |
皮肤病学 | 60篇 |
神经病学 | 265篇 |
特种医学 | 466篇 |
外国民族医学 | 2篇 |
外科学 | 376篇 |
综合类 | 53篇 |
预防医学 | 354篇 |
眼科学 | 28篇 |
药学 | 242篇 |
1篇 | |
肿瘤学 | 180篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 21篇 |
2021年 | 47篇 |
2020年 | 16篇 |
2019年 | 52篇 |
2018年 | 66篇 |
2017年 | 47篇 |
2016年 | 36篇 |
2015年 | 46篇 |
2014年 | 78篇 |
2013年 | 103篇 |
2012年 | 135篇 |
2011年 | 161篇 |
2010年 | 124篇 |
2009年 | 123篇 |
2008年 | 118篇 |
2007年 | 141篇 |
2006年 | 144篇 |
2005年 | 130篇 |
2004年 | 136篇 |
2003年 | 106篇 |
2002年 | 105篇 |
2001年 | 109篇 |
2000年 | 99篇 |
1999年 | 101篇 |
1998年 | 107篇 |
1997年 | 104篇 |
1996年 | 103篇 |
1995年 | 90篇 |
1994年 | 55篇 |
1993年 | 75篇 |
1992年 | 84篇 |
1991年 | 77篇 |
1990年 | 78篇 |
1989年 | 109篇 |
1988年 | 85篇 |
1987年 | 94篇 |
1986年 | 94篇 |
1985年 | 107篇 |
1984年 | 62篇 |
1983年 | 62篇 |
1982年 | 39篇 |
1981年 | 39篇 |
1980年 | 49篇 |
1979年 | 24篇 |
1978年 | 30篇 |
1977年 | 36篇 |
1976年 | 28篇 |
1975年 | 29篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有4013条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Isolated patellofemoral arthritis is an increasingly recognized entity, and is usually associated with previous patellofemoral dysplasia or instability. Patellofemoral arthroplasty (PFA) has evolved significantly in recent years, both in terms of implant design and importantly in the understanding of appropriate patient selection. This review outlines the indications and investigations for PFA, provides a brief history of the development of contemporary implants, and presents the clinical outcomes for the prostheses most commonly used in the UK. In addition, it provides a detailed surgical technique for implantation of an onlay implant, with tips on how to optimize patellofemoral biomechanics and thus achieve a consistently good outcome. 相似文献
2.
Platelet antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
C. Kaplan P. Champeix D. Blanchard J. Y. Muller J. P. Cartron 《British journal of haematology》1987,67(1):89-93
In systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the precise cause of the thrombocytopenia is unknown. Since platelet associated IgG is increased in many patients, it has been suggested that the destruction of platelets might be dependent on specific antibodies. In nine patients with SLE, platelet associated immunoglobulins were found together with free serum antibody which bound to platelets from all normal subjects. Using an immunoblotting technique with membrane proteins from normal platelets incubated with patient sera, target antigens were localized on a band of mol wt 108,000 in two cases (B. and N.) and on a band of mol wt 66,000 in a third (M.). When the same technique was applied to autologous platelets of patient N., autoantibody binding to the protein of mol wt 108,000 was demonstrated. The antigenic determinants were not removed from the platelets by enzyme treatment or by disulphide bond reduction, and were localized in the cytoplasmic fraction of the platelets. 相似文献
3.
D. Caroline Blanchard Jon K. Shepherd Antonio De Padua Carobrez Robert J. Blanchard 《Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews》1991,15(4):461-468
Female rats consistently show a pattern of differences in defensive behaviors compared to males which parallel the effects of exposure to a nonpainful threat stimulus (cat or cat odor) in the same tests and measures. These indications of greater defensiveness for females are particularly common in situations involving potential, as opposed to actual and present, threat, a factor which probably also reflects ceiling or floor effects in situations involving very intense defensiveness. In addition, pharmacological studies indicate sex differences in the effects of selective serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists and antagonists on defensive responding. These findings indicate that sex effects must be considered in studies of the pharmacological control of defensive behaviors, and suggest that responsivity to sex effects may be an additional criterion for the suitability of animal models of anxiety. 相似文献
4.
5.
RA O. Hempel 《Notfall & Rettungsmedizin》2007,10(5):367-371
Legal uncertainties for emergency vehicle drivers can be avoided when fundamental rules are established. In particular, differentiation of special rights and rights of way is essential. Inherent in both is the urgency necessary to save human lives. The right of way signaled by flashing blue lights and siren does not however justify traffic violations but signifies rather a request to other traffic participants. In contrast, special rights require no announcement and constitute a justifiable reason for traffic violations. Even so they do not allow that other traffic participants be endangered or harmed. Adherence to these basic principles can prevent legal misinterpretations as well as rigid adoption of inflexible standards of behavior. 相似文献
6.
RA Mag. Dr. C. Gepart 《Notfall & Rettungsmedizin》2007,10(4):289-292
Austria’s new Living Wills Act (Patientenverfügungsgesetz, or PatVG) that came into effect on 1st of June 2006, is the first law in Austria to regulate the controversial issue of living wills. The PatVG provides for a right to refuse future medical treatment by making an advance directive in the form of a living will that is either binding or “to be taken into consideration”. However, the establishment of a binding living will is governed by strict criteria as regards form and content, and both a medical doctor and a legal expert must be involved. Compliance with a living will is not allowed where there is a legal obligation to give medical treatment. There is also a legal obligation to give medical treatment in emergency situations where the time involved in looking for a living will could seriously endanger the health or the life of a patient. 相似文献
7.
Céline Chipoy Martine Berreur Séverine Couillaud Gilbert Pradal Fran?ois Vallette Caroline Colombeix Fran?oise Rédini Dominique Heymann Frédéric Blanchard 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2004,19(11):1850-1861
The effects of OSM on proliferation and differentiation of osteosarcoma and nontransformed osteoblasts were analyzed. OSM downregulates osteoblast markers but induces the glial fibrillary acidic protein by the combined activation of PKCdelta and STAT3, offering new lines of therapeutic investigations. INTRODUCTION: Oncostatin M (OSM) is a multifunctional cytokine of the interleukin-6 family implicated in embryonic development, differentiation, inflammation, and regeneration of various tissues, mainly the liver, bone, and the central nervous and hematopoietic systems. One particularity of OSM relies on its growth inhibitory and pro-differentiating effects on a variety of tumor cell lines such as melanoma, providing arguments for a therapeutic application of OSM. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of OSM on osteosarcoma cell lines proliferation and differentiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proliferation was analyzed by 3H thymidine incorporation. Differentiation was analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry for various markers. Alizarin red S staining was used to evaluate bone nodule formation. Morphological changes were studied by confocal and electron microscopy. Western blotting, kinases inhibitors, and dominant negative STAT3 were used to identified the signaling pathways implicated. RESULTS: OSM inhibits the growth of rat osteosarcoma cell lines as well as normal osteoblasts, in correlation with induction of the cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor p21WAF1. However, OSM reduces osteoblast markers such as alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein, leading to strong inhibition of mineralized nodule formation. This inhibitory effect is restricted to mature osteoblasts and differentiated osteosarcoma because OSM effectively stimulates osteoblast markers and bone nodule formation in early, but not late, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) cultures. In osteosarcoma cells or BMSC, OSM induces expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as well as morphological and ultrastructural changes, for example, elongated shape and bundles of microfilaments in cell processes. Rottlerin (PKCdelta inhibitor), and to a lesser degree UO126 (MEK/ERK inhibitor), prevents the loss of osteoblastic markers by OSM, whereas dominant negative STAT3 prevents GFAP induction. CONCLUSIONS: These results highlight the particular gene expression profile of OSM-treated osteosarcoma cells and BMSCs, suggesting either a osteocytic or a glial-like phenotype. Together with the implication of PKCdelta, ERK1/2, and STAT3, these results offer new lines of investigations for neural cell transplantation and osteosarcoma therapy. 相似文献
8.
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
9.
Both cyproterone acetate (CPA) and the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone
agonist (GnRHa) have been shown to be effective for the treatment of
hirsutism. We wished to compare the effectiveness of CPA in two standard
doses with GnRHa and add-back therapy and to compare the length of
remission after these treatments. A total of 60 hirsute hyperandrogenic
women was assigned to the following treatment groups: CPA 2 mg with 35
microg of ethinylestradiol for 21 days each month (Diane group), CPA 50 mg,
days 5-15, and ethinylestradiol 50 microg, days 5-25, each month (CPA
group) or Decapeptyl 3.75 mg i.m. every 28 days with the addition of
conjugated oestrogen 0.625 mg, days 1-21, and medroxyprogesterone acetate
10 mg, days 12-21 (GnRHa group). Hirsutism was graded by the
Ferriman-Gallwey-Lorenzo (FGL) index and anagen hair shaft diameters and
serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone were assessed before and
every 3 months during and after treatment. All women were treated for 1
year with 1 year follow-up. At baseline hirsutism and endocrine patterns
were similar in all groups. After one year of treatment, hirsutism
decreased in all groups but the changes were greater (P <0.05) in the
CPA and GnRHa groups than in the Diane group. Serum LH and testosterone
were lowest in the GnRHa group. After withdrawal, hirsutism increased
rapidly in the Diane and CPA groups and after 6 months, FGL scores and hair
shaft diameters were similar to pretreatment values. In the GnRHa group,
hirsutism increased more gradually and after 1 year of withdrawal, FGL
scores and hair diameters were significantly (P <0.05) less than
pretreatment values. Serum LH and testosterone increased rapidly in all
three groups reaching pretreatment values by 6 months. These data suggest
equal efficacy of the GnRHa and the high dose CPA regimen for the treatment
of hirsutism in hyperandrogenic women. GnRHa with add-back treatment
appears to result in a longer remission of hirsutism in comparison with
CPA.
相似文献
10.