白蛋白微球作为肝靶向给药载体的研究

用均匀设计方法和计算机技术筛选了乳化化学交联法制备白蛋白微球的六个因素,十二个水平。优化出最佳制备工艺,制备了平均粒径0.41～0.47μm的白蛋白微球。将此工艺制备的¹²⁵I-白蛋白微球做动物体内研究,结果表明微球iv后主要浓集在肝脏,可达注入总剂量的68%,此微球在靶组织肝脏的变化规律可用二室模型契合。     

Ten principles for geriatric health promotion

The concept of health promotion for elderly people holds promisefor countries faced with limited resources and the unprecedentedgrowth of their elderly populations. This article draws on thework of David Werner and on research in health education, communitydevelopment, health promotion and gerontological health to discussten principles underlying the concept of geriatric health promotion.By stressing empowerment, the strengths and not merely the needsof aged people, community participation and the role of publicpolicy, geriatric health promotion is seen as embracing theWorld Health Organization approach to health promotion as abroad, enabling process. Similarly, in its attention to functionalhealth status, the needs of informal caregivers and the socialas well as the health needs of elderly people, it complementsand draws upon recent trends in the fields of geriatrics andgerontological health. The need for further development of the conceptual base of geriatrichealth promotion is stressed, as is the importance of surveyingexisting efforts in this area. Finally, the article underscoresthe need for developing a theoretical basis for action thatwould take account of the diversity of settings and conditionsin which the model might be applied.     

HIV risk of transmission behaviour amongst HIV-infected prisoners and its correlates

Thirty-eight from a total of 42 known HIV-positive prisoners in the Irish prison system voluntarily cooperated in a survey of psychological attitudes, knowledge of risk behaviour, intentions with respect to future risk behaviour, and actual past risk behaviour Of this group, 65% reported that they had put others at risk of HIV, since they became aware of their own HIV + status. Only 16% stated that they would definitely not share their drug-taking equipment in the future and 32% that they would always use a condom in sexual intercourse. In general, psychological and biographical variables were not strongly related to whether or not the respondents had put others at risk of HIV. Nor were there any significant differences in knowledge of at risk behaviour between those who had and those who had not put others at risk. However, there was some evidence for considerable independence between risk-taking behaviour in the sexual and in the drug-taking domains, in that risk-taking in one area was not highly predictive of risk-taking in the other.     

Interferon Alfa-2b or Not 2b? Significant Differences Exist in the Decision-Making Process between Melanoma Patients Who Accept or Decline High-Dose Adjuvant Interferon Alfa-2b Treatment

BACKGROUND: Patients with thick (Breslow>4 mm) primary melanoma and/or regional nodal metastasis have a high risk of tumor recurrence. High-dose adjuvant interferon (IFN) alfa-2b offers/=50% risk of recurrence/disease-related mortality and offered IFN. Telephone surveys delineated reasons behind patients' decisions to accept IFN. RESULTS: Acceptors, 60 of 135 (45%), decided to take IFN alfa-2b whereas 75 of 135 (55%) declined. Being female (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.17-5.03; p=.017) and positive SLN status (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.01-4.97; p=.048) were strongly associated with patients who chose IFN. Acceptors of IFN were younger, more influenced by physicians, and less affected by depression and side effect profile (p<.05 for all). Decliners were more concerned by strained relationships with family and social life (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS: Gender and positive SLN were predictive of high-risk melanoma patients' acceptance of IFN treatment. Physician insight into melanoma patients' therapeutic decision-making process can guide patients through this difficult disease.     

The cold pressor test: Vascular and myocardial response patterns and their stability

The purposes of the present study were to compare the cardiovascular response patterns evoked by three versions of the cold pressor test (either forehead stimulation or hand or foot immersion) and to determine the reproducibility of the responses over a 2-week interval. Blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, and systolic time intervals were obtained during rest and during the cold pressor test in 42 young men. Across conditions, the pressor response was supported by peripheral resistance increases with concomitant stroke volume decreases. Although the response panerns were generally similar across sites, exceptions were apparent for heart rate. Forehead stimulation was characterized by no significant change in heart rate, whereas limb (hand or foot) immersion was associated with significant heart rate acceleration. The responses elicited by the three cold pressor test conditions were reliable and showed little evidence of attenuation over the test-retest interval.     

Further study on the vascular basis for the reimplantation of the hand amputated through the palm

Summary Based on the anatomic data obtained from earlier studies on the vascular anatomy of the hand, the vascular architecture in the palm of the hand was studied on 60 sides of unembalmed adult upper extremities. Each palm was divided into 64 squares by 8 sagittal and 8 transverse sections. The vascular architecture in these squares and the arterial relations between them were observed and measured by angiography, operative microscopic dissection and computerised three-dimensional reconstruction. According to the pattern of the blood-vessels, the amputated palms can be classified into 4 types. The anatomic basis for the vascular anastomosis in each type is defined. There are three key-areas for the blood-supply of the palm and their significance is discussed. Apart from the 4 types of transversely amputated palms, the repair programe of the blood-vessles in 4 types of common obliquely amputated palms are also discussed.

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Etude complémentaire de l'anatomie vasculaire de la main pour la réimplantation des amputations transpalmaires

Résumé Sur la base de données anatomiques obtenues lors de précédents travaux sur l'anatomie vasculaire de la main, l'architecture vasculaire palmaire a été étudiée sur 60 extrémités supérieures de cadavres d'adultes, non embaumés. Chaque paume a été divisée en 64 carrés par 8 sections sagittales et 8 sections transversales. L'architecture vasculaire à l'intérieur des carrés et les relations artérielles entre eux ont été étudiées et mesurées par angiographie, dissection au microscope opérateur et reconstruction computérisée en 3D. Les paumes amputées ont été regroupées en 4 types d'après la distribution des vaisseaux sanguins. Les données anatomiques concernant les anastomoses vasculaires sont précisées. Il existe trois zones clés pour l'irrigation de la paume. Leur importance quant à l'irrigation de la main est exposée. Outre la division des paumes amputées transversalement en 4 types, le programme de réparation de vaisseaux dans les 4 types d'amputations obliques communes de la paume et aussi discuté.

     

Aetiology of Acute Pharyngitis and Clinical Response to Empirical Therapy with Erythromycin Versus Amoxicillin

Guthrie R M, Ruoff G E, Rofman BA, Ginsberg D, Karp R R, BrownS M and Schulz GA. Aetiology of acute pharyngitis and clinicalresponse to empirical therapy with erythromycin versus amoxicillin.Family Practice 1988; 5: 29–35. One hundred and eighty-nine adults with acute pharyngitis hadculture and serological evaluation for groupA beta haemolyticstreptococci (GABHS), Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and Branhamellacatarrhalis. Sixteen patients had evidence for infection withGABHS, none for M. pneumoniae, and one for B. catarrhalis. Forthose with GABHS, there was no significant difference betweenempirical treatment by erythromycin or amoxicillin. For thosewithout GABHS, empirical treatment with erythromycin appearedto result in a statistically significant reduction in coughand a noticeable but less than significant reduction of othersymptoms when compared to empirical treatment with amoxicillin.The new formula tion of erythromycin utilized in this study(PCE) may be associated with a reduction in gastrointestinalintolerance from that reported with other erythromycin products.