In vivo and ex vivo actions of a novel P. gingivalis inhibitor on multi‐species biofilm,inflammatory response,and periodontal bone loss

Chronic periodontitis is one of the most common infectious inflammatory diseases worldwide. Current therapeutic options for the disease are only partially and temporarily successful due to periodontal re‐emergence of pathogens such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, a keystone bacterium in the oral microbial communities, which elicits a dysbiosis between the microbiota and the host. Previously, we reported a peptide inhibitor of P. gingivalis (SAPP) that specifically targets P. gingivalis and reduces its virulence potential in vitro. Here, we show that SAPP can modulate the ability of P. gingivalis to suppress the host innate immune system. Using a cytokine array analysis, we found that the levels of several cytokines including IL‐6, IL‐8, and MCP‐1 in the culture media of human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were significantly diminished in the presence of P. gingivalis. Whereas the levels of these cytokines were restored, at least partially, in the culture media of HOKs by SAPP treatment. Furthermore, we also observed in an ex vivo assay that SAPP efficiently inhibited biofilm primed formation by mixed‐species oral bacteria, and significantly dampened the abnormally innate immune responses induced by these bacteria. We also demonstrated, using a mouse model, that SAPP could prevent alveolar bone loss induced by P. gingivalis. Our results suggest that SAPP specifically targets P. gingivalis and its associated bacterial communities and could be envisioned as an emerging therapy for periodontitis.     

Unusual Traumatic Midthoracic Spondyloptosis and Its Surgical Management: Case Report

Posttraumatic spondyloptosis develops as a result of complete subluxation of the vertebral bodies and causes complete transection of the spinal cord. Severe trauma-related spondyloptosis of the upper-mid thoracic region is a rare form of spinal trauma. Traumatic midthoracic spondyloptosis is quite rare, and radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. Surgical reconstruction and stabilization are required for early mobilization and rehabilitation of patients with this injury. Here, we report the clinical features, radiographic findings, and management of an unusual case of traumatic midthoracic spondyloptosis that showed complete spinal cord transection and was operated.     

Toll-like receptors regulate B cell cytokine production in patients with diabetes

Aims/hypothesis  

Understanding cellular and molecular events in diabetes mellitus will identify new approaches for therapy. Immune system cells are important modulators of chronic inflammation in diabetes mellitus, but the role of B cells is not adequately studied. The aim of this work was to define the function of B cells in diabetes mellitus patients through focus on B cell responses to pattern recognition receptors.     

Effects of hot air and freeze drying methods on antioxidant activity, colour and some nutritional characteristics of strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L) fruit

Antioxidant activity, colour and some nutritional properties of hot air and freeze-dried strawberry tree (Arbutus unedo L.) fruits were investigated. Additionally, the effects of two pre-treatments, namely ethyl oleate and water blanching, were compared in terms of drying characteristics. For determination of antioxidant activities in ethanol extracts, two different analytical methods were used: 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity and β-carotene bleaching activity. As a result, the ethyl oleate pre-treatment shortened the drying time by hot air method and gave a higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity (82.16?±?0.34%), total phenolic content (7.62?±?1.09?μg GAE/g extract), ascorbic acid content (236.93?±?20.14?mg/100?g), besides hydromethylfurfural was not observed. Freeze-dried fruits exhibited higher ascorbic acid content (368.63?±?17.16?mg/100?g) than those fresh fruits (231.33?±?19.51?mg/100?g) and nearly 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl activity (93.52?±?0.41 %) to fresh fruits (94.03?±?1.18%). Colour characteristics, sugar content and mineral contents of fruits were significantly affected by pre-treatments and drying methods (p?相似文献   

Enhanced superoxide release and elevated protein kinase C activity in neutrophils from diabetic patients: association with periodontitis

Inflammation and oxidative stress are important factors in the pathogenesis of diabetes and contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that is characterized by increased oxidative stress, and the risk for periodontitis is increased significantly in diabetic subjects. In this study, we examined the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase complex and protein kinase C (PKC) activity in neutrophils. Fifty diabetic patients were grouped according to glycemic control and the severity of periodontitis. Neutrophils from diabetic patients with moderate [amount of glycated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) between 7.0% and 8.0%] or poor (HbA(1c) >8.0%) glycemic control released significantly more O(2)(-) than neutrophils from diabetic patients with good glycemic control (HbA(1c) <7.0%) and neutrophils from nondiabetic, healthy individuals upon stimulation with 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. Depending on glycemic status, neutrophils from these patients also exhibited increased activity of the soluble- and membrane-bound forms of PKC, elevated amounts of diglyceride, and enhanced phosphorylation of p47-phox during cell stimulation. In addition, we report a significant correlation between glycemic control (HbA(1c) levels) and the severity of periodontitis in diabetic patients, suggesting that enhanced oxidative stress and increased inflammation exacerbate both diseases. Thus, hyperglycemia can lead to a novel form of neutrophil priming, where elevated PKC activity results in increased phosphorylation of p47-phox and O(2)(-) release.