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1.
Retinal amacrine cells are interneurons that make lateral and vertical connections in the inner plexiform layer of the retina. Amacrine cells do not possess a long axon, and this morphological feature is the origin of their naming. Their dendrites function as both presynaptic and postsynaptic sites. Half of all amacrine cells are GABAergic inhibitory neurons that mediate lateral inhibition, and their light-evoked response consists of graded voltage changes and regenerative action potentials. There is evidence that the amount of neurotransmitter release from presynaptic sites is increased by spike propagation into the dendrite. Thus understanding of how action potentials propagate in dendrites is important to elucidating the extent and strength of lateral inhibition. In the present study, we used the dual whole cell patch-clamp technique on the soma and the dendrite of cultured rat amacrine cells and directly demonstrated that the action potentials propagate into the dendrites. The action potential in the dendrite was TTX sensitive and was affected by the local membrane potential of the dendrite. Propagation of the action potential was suppressed by local application of GABA to the dendrite. Dual dendrite whole cell patch-clamp recordings showed that GABA suppresses the propagation of action potentials in one dendrite of an amacrine cell, while the action potentials propagate in the other dendrites. It is likely that the action potentials in the dendrites are susceptible to various external factors resulting in the nonuniform propagation of the action potential from the soma of an amacrine cell. 相似文献
2.
Klein RL Lin WL Dickson DW Lewis J Hutton M Duff K Meyer EM King MA 《The American journal of pathology》2004,164(1):347-353
Neurofibrillary pathology was produced in the brains of adult rats after localized gene transfer of human tau carrying the P301L mutation, which is associated with frontotemporal dementia with parkinsonism. Within 1 month of in situ transfection of the basal forebrain region of normal rats, tau-immunoreactive and argyrophilic neuronal lesions formed. The fibrillar lesions had features of neurofibrillary tangles and tau immunoreactivity at light and electron microscopic levels. In addition to neurofibrillary tangles, other tau pathology, including pretangles and neuropil threads, was abundant and widespread. Tau gene transfer to the hippocampal region of amyloid-depositing transgenic mice produced pretangles and threads, as well as intensely tau-immunoreactive neurites in amyloid plaques. The ability to produce neurofibrillary pathology in adult rodents makes this a useful method to study tau-related neurodegeneration. 相似文献
3.
Filamentous tau in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes of transgenic mice expressing the human tau isoform with the P301L mutation 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
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We recently reported a transgenic mouse line (JNPL3) that expresses mutant (P301L) tau and develops neurofibrillary tangles composed of filamentous tau aggregates. Here we show that these mice have abnormal tau filaments not only in neurons, but also in oligodendrocytes and astrocytes. Similar results were detected in another transgenic line (JNPL2+3+) that expresses the longest human tau isoform with the P301L mutation. The ultrastructure of the tau filaments and immunoreactivity with tau and ubiquitin antibodies were similar in glia and neurons. Given similarities of the lesions in the mice to human neuronal and glial inclusions, these transgenic mice appear to be a valuable model to study pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative tauopathies. 相似文献
4.
Bowers Jennifer M. Hamilton Jada G. Lobel Marci Kanetsky Peter A. Hay Jennifer L. 《The journal of primary prevention》2021,42(5):425-440
Journal of Prevention - Understanding the behaviors that lead to sunburn is an important objective toward developing intervention strategies to reduce risk for skin cancers. Our cross-sectional... 相似文献
5.
New amino group functionalized porous carbon for strong chelation ability towards toxic heavy metals
Zakaria Anfar Abdallah Amedlous Mohammed Majdoub Abdellah Ait El Fakir Mohamed Zbair Hassan Ait Ahsaine Amane Jada Noureddine El Alem 《RSC advances》2020,10(52):31087
Herein, ethylenediamine functionalized porous carbon (PC-ED/1.5) was synthesized, then characterized by various methods and finally used as a functional material for Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) ion removal from water. XPS revealed the presence of numerous functionalities within the surface of PC including –NH and C–N–C groups. Furthermore, SBET, RS, XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the changes implemented on the PC surface. Thereafter, a systematic study was implemented to analyze the interactions of the PC-ED/1.5 surface with Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) heavy metal ions. Hence, adsorption experiments showed that the PC-ED/1.5 exhibits maximum adsorption capacities of 123.45 mg g−1 and 140.84 mg g−1 for Cu(ii) and Pb(ii), respectively. Moreover, in situ electrostatic interactions occurring between the divalent cation and the PC-ED/1.5 functional groups was investigated. The mechanism involves chelation processes, electrostatic interactions and mechanical trapping of the metal ions in the adsorbent pores. Interestingly, a synergistic effect of the pores and surface active sites was observed. Finally, by using alginate bio-polymer we prepared membrane films of PC-ED/1.5 which showed long-term stability, regeneration capabilities and high mass recovery.Herein, ethylenediamine functionalized porous carbon (PC-ED/1.5) was synthesized, then characterized by various methods and finally used as a functional material for Cu(ii) and Pb(ii) ion removal from water. 相似文献
6.
Clinical outcomes of a novel therapeutic vaccine with Tax peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells for adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma in a pilot study
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Youko Suehiro Atsuhiko Hasegawa Tadafumi Iino Amane Sasada Nobukazu Watanabe Masao Matsuoka Ayako Takamori Ryuji Tanosaki Atae Utsunomiya Ilseung Choi Tetsuya Fukuda Osamu Miura Shigeo Takaishi Takanori Teshima Koichi Akashi Mari Kannagi Naokuni Uike Jun Okamura 《British journal of haematology》2015,169(3):356-367
Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a human T cell leukaemia virus type‐I (HTLV‐I)‐infected T cell malignancy with poor prognosis. We herein developed a novel therapeutic vaccine designed to augment an HTLV‐I Tax‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response that has been implicated in anti‐ATL effects, and conducted a pilot study to investigate its safety and efficacy. Three previously treated ATL patients, classified as intermediate‐ to high‐risk, were subcutaneously administered with the vaccine, consisting of autologous dendritic cells (DCs) pulsed with Tax peptides corresponding to the CTL epitopes. In all patients, the performance status improved after vaccination without severe adverse events, and Tax‐specific CTL responses were observed with peaks at 16–20 weeks. Two patients achieved partial remission in the first 8 weeks, one of whom later achieved complete remission, maintaining their remission status without any additional chemotherapy 24 and 19 months after vaccination, respectively. The third patient, whose tumour cells lacked the ability to express Tax at biopsy, obtained stable disease in the first 8 weeks and later developed slowly progressive disease although additional therapy was not required for 14 months. The clinical outcomes of this pilot study indicate that the Tax peptide‐pulsed DC vaccine is a safe and promising immunotherapy for ATL. 相似文献
7.
Xingjia Wu BS Stephanie Alberico BS Edward Saidu BS Sazzadur Rahman Khan PhD Shijun Zheng PhD Rebecca Romero BS Hyun Sik Chae PhD Sheng Li PhD Amane Mochizuki PhD Juanita Anders PhD 《Wound repair and regeneration》2015,23(1):104-114
A major complication for diabetic patients is chronic wounds due to impaired wound healing. It is well documented that visible red wavelengths can accelerate wound healing in diabetic animal models and patients. In vitro and in vivo diabetic models were used to investigate the effects of organic light emitting diode (OLED) irradiation on cellular function and cutaneous wound healing. Human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in hyperglycemic medium (glucose concentration 180 mM) and irradiated with an OLED (623 nm wavelength peak, range from 560 to 770 nm, power density 7 or 10 mW/cm2 at 0.2, 1, or 5 J/cm2). The OLED significantly increased total adenosine triphosphate concentration, metabolic activity, and cell proliferation compared with untreated controls in most parameters tested. For the in vivo experiment, OLED and laser (635 ± 5 nm wavelength) treatments (10 mW/cm2, 5 J/cm2 daily for a total of seven consecutive days) for cutaneous wound healing were compared using a genetic, diabetic rat model. Both treatments had significantly higher percentage of wound closure on day 6 postinjury and higher total histological scores on day 13 postinjury compared with control. No statistical difference was found between the two treatments. OLED irradiation significantly increased fibroblast growth factor‐2 expression at 36‐hour postinjury and enhanced macrophage activation during initial stages of wound healing. In conclusion, the OLED and laser had comparative effects on enhancing diabetic wound healing. 相似文献
8.
9.
Fujii W Kohno M Ishino H Nakabayashi A Fujioka K Kida T Nagahara H Murakami K Nakamura K Seno T Yamamoto A Kawahito Y 《Modern rheumatology / the Japan Rheumatism Association》2012,22(4):630-634
We report a case of rheumatoid vasculitis (RV) that responded well to abatacept, a cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA4)-immunoglobulin fusion protein. A 38-year-old woman developed RV despite treatment with methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. The effects of steroid therapy, immunoabsorption plasmapheresis, and interleukin-6 inhibitor were insufficient, however, administration of abatacept rapidly improved her clinical symptoms with almost normalization of the immunological findings. This is the first published case report of the successful treatment of RV with abatacept. 相似文献
10.
Zakaria Anfar Mohamed Zbair Hassan Ait Ahsaine Amane Jada Noureddine El Alem 《RSC advances》2020,10(23):13430
Correction for ‘Microwave assisted green synthesis of Fe2O3/biochar for ultrasonic removal of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals’ by Zakaria Anfar et al., RSC Adv., 2020, 10, 11371–11380.In the published article there was an error in the corresponding author’s surname. The corrected version is shown here.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers. 相似文献