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The original 1981 English isolate of avian paramyxovirus type 3 from turkeys was of higher pathogenicity to chickens than the prototype 1968 isolate turkey/Wisconsin. It was lethal to chicks aged one day when given by intravenous or intracerebral inoculation. The age susceptibility was increased to one week by use of an inbred strain or betamethasone. The virus was more pathogenic to its natural host as outbred turkeys aged one week died after intravenous inoculation of the virus and contact transmission resulted in stunting and seroconversion of 2-week-old birds. Monoclonal antibodies to both viral glycoproteins, but not to the two internal proteins, protected one-day-old turkeys from 1000 intravenous LD50 of virus when they were inoculated one day after virus. This was considered to be analogous to maternally derived immunity and emphasised the role of yolk sac antibody in the protection of young stock. 相似文献
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Li Ping Wong Haridah Alias Nasrin Aghamohammadi I-ching Sam Sazaly AbuBakar 《Journal of community health》2017,42(5):854-864
The aims of this study were to explore the differences in (1) the perception of severity towards ZIKV infection and dengue fever, and (2) mosquito control practices before and after the ZIKV outbreak were declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC). Data were collected between Feb to May 2016 using a computer-assisted telephone interviewing system. The median scale score for perceived severity of ZIKV was 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 1–5) versus 4 (IQR 3–5) for dengue (P?<?0.001). The scores for mosquito control practices before and after ZIKV was declared a PHEIC were similar, at 4 (IQR 3–5). Multivariate analysis revealed that participants with a higher score for perception of severity of ZIKV were more likely to report greater mosquito control practices after the declaration of the PHEIC (OR 1.822 [95% CI 1.107–2.998]). The emerging ZIKV pandemic requires concerted efforts to enhance mosquito control practices among the Malaysian public. Efforts to improve public mosquito control practices should focus on enhancing the perception of the severity of ZIKV. 相似文献
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Saed H Zyoud Dala N Daraghmeh Diana O Mezyed Razan L Khdeir Mayas N Sawafta Nora A Ayaseh Ghada H Tabeeb Waleed M Sweileh Rahmat Awang Samah W Al-Jabi 《Lancet》2018
Background
Haemodialysis is a life-saving but burdensome therapy for patients with end-stage renal disease, which can substantially impair health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the patterns of HRQOL and to identify the risk factors for reduced HRQOL in Palestinian patients receiving treatment by haemodialysis.Methods
This cross-sectional study was done between June 15, 2014, and Jan 15, 2015, using the EuroQOL-5 Dimensions instrument (EQ-5D-5L) for the assessment of HRQOL. We approached patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis at inpatient hospitals from ten different settings at a national level. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of An-Najah National University. Informed verbal consent was obtained from each participant before the start of the interview. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate which variables were significantly associated with reduced HRQOL.Findings
267 (96%) of 277 eligible patients consented to participate. 139 (52%) participants were men, and the mean age was 53·3 years (SD 16·2). 177 (66%) patients had been treated by haemodialysis for less than 4 years. The reported HRQOL, as measured by mean EQ-5D-5L index value, was 0·37 (SD 0·44). We found a moderate positive correlation between the EuroQol-visual analogue scales and the EQ-5D-5L index value (r=0·44; p<0·0001). The results of a multiple linear regression showed a significant association between HRQOL and age (p=0·0011), female sex (p=0·0167), education level (p=0·0057), number of chronic medications (p=0·0493), and number of comorbid diseases (p=0·0001).Interpretation
Our results provide insight into a number of associations between patient variables such as demographics, clinical factors, and their HRQOL. These findings should help raise health-care providers' awareness and improve the quality of life for patients receiving treatment by haemodialysis, especially those who have no formal education, are elderly, are female, are from refugee camps, or have multiple comorbid diseases or chronic medications.Funding
None. 相似文献8.
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