降钙素基因相关肽在预处理心肌保护中机制的研究进展

近年来发现一种新的神经肽即降钙素基因相关肽(calcitonin gene related peptide,CGRP)具有强心、舒张血管的作用,是目前研究的热点.CGRP能防止心肌缺血/再灌注损伤,在预处理即时和延时心肌保护中的研究很多,但是其具体的机制仍不清楚,仍需要进一步的研究.现主要对CGRP在预处理心肌保护中的作用作一综述.     

腹腔镜与开腹全子宫加双侧输卵管切除术的疗效和对患者术后性生活质量影响的比较

目的 探讨腹腔镜与开腹全子宫加双侧输卵管切除术对子宫疾患患者的疗效和术后性生活质量的影响。方法 选择2018年1月至2019年9月在铜陵市人民医院接受全子宫加双侧输卵管切除手术治疗的115例子宫疾患患者,根据手术方式不同将患者分为腹腔镜组（n=43）和开腹组（n=72）,腹腔镜组采用腹腔镜下全子宫加双侧输卵管切除术治疗,开腹组采用传统的经腹式全子宫加双侧输卵管切除术治疗。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、术后通气时间、住院总费用以及阴道残端并发症与术后性生活质量等情况。结果 腹腔镜组患者术后通气时间及术后住院时间短于开腹组,术中出血量明显少于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;腹腔镜组患者手术时间长于开腹组,住院总费用高于开腹组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;腹腔镜组术后阴道残端肉芽增生发生率为7.9%,低于开腹组的29.7%,且术后性交痛和性交不适较开腹组也明显减少,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 腹腔镜全子宫加双侧输卵管切除术较传统开腹全子宫加双侧输卵管切除临床效果更好,患者术后性生活质量更满意,值得临床推广。     

不同麻醉药物诱导用于小儿气管镜检异物取出术的比较

目的比较七氟醚、丙泊酚和氯胺酮麻醉诱导用于小儿支气管镜检异物取出术的效果。方法急诊支气管镜检异物取出术患儿30例,年龄9~58个月,采用随机数字表法将患儿分为三组:七氟醚组(S组),丙泊酚组(P组)和氯胺酮组(K组),每组10例。S组采用8%七氟醚吸入诱导;P组采用丙泊酚2.5mg/kg缓慢静脉注射诱导;K组采用氯胺酮5mg/kg肌肉注射诱导;三组诱导至意识消失后均以保留自主呼吸为准则,喉镜开口实施利多卡因咽喉部表面麻醉;术中采用靶控输注丙泊酚和瑞芬太尼维持麻醉,面罩吸氧后置入气管镜。记录一次置入气管镜成功率,置入气管镜前后即刻HR和SpO2,置入气管镜时间、气管镜检时间和术后苏醒时间,置入气管镜和术中不良反应发生情况。结果 S组和P组成功置入气管镜的时间、术后苏醒时间明显短于K组(P0.05);S组一次置管成功率明显高于K组(P0.05)。三组患儿不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义。结论与丙泊酚静脉注射和氯胺酮肌肉注射麻醉诱导比较,七氟醚诱导麻醉在婴幼儿气管镜检异物取出术中具有诱导快、苏醒快等优点。     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

右美托咪啶对老年骨科手术患者全麻恢复期质量的影响

目的 评价右美托咪啶对老年骨科手术患者全麻恢复期质量的影响.方法 择期行骨科手术患者60例,ASA分级Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,年龄≥65岁,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为3组(n=20):对照组(C组)、右美托咪啶0.25 μg/kg组(D1组)和右美托咪啶0.50 μg/kg组(D2组).C组、D1组和D2组分别于麻醉诱导前15 min静脉输注生理盐水、右美托咪啶0.25 μg/kg和0.50μg/kg( 15 ml),输注时间15 min.3组均采用全身麻醉,于切皮前即刻静脉注射氟比洛芬酯1 mg/kg.记录自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔除气管导管时间及全麻恢复期不良反应的发生情况,采用词语等级量表评分法(VRS)评估苏醒5min时疼痛程度.结果 与C组比较,D1组和D2组躁动、呛咳、心血管事件发生率和VRS评分降低,镇痛有效率升高,D2组苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间延长(P＜0.05);与D1组比较,D2组苏醒时间和拔除气管导管时间延长(p＜0.05),VRS评分、镇痛有效率及不良反应发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 全麻诱导前静脉输注右美托咪啶0.25μg/kg可改善老年骨科手术患者全麻恢复期的质量.     

右美托咪啶对腹腔镜胆囊切除术全麻效果的影响

目的 探讨预先注射小剂量右美托咪啶( dexmedetomidine,Dex)对腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)患者全麻效果的影响.方法 择期行LC患者50例,ASA Ⅰ ～Ⅱ级,年龄21岁～57岁,体重42.5 kg～80 kg,按随机数字表法分为生理盐水组(C组)和...     

脊髓腺苷受体介导侧脑室吗啡预处理对大鼠缺血后心肌的保护作用

目的探讨脊髓腺苷受体在侧脑室吗啡预处理对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用中的介导作用以及与心肌缺血/再灌注损伤所引起的炎症反应的关系。方法健康♂SD大鼠54只,随机分为假手术组(Sham组)、对照组(CON组)、吗啡预处理组(MPC)、腺苷体阻断剂茶碱(theophylline,THE)+吗啡预处理组(MPC+THE组)、另设茶碱自身对照组,除茶碱自身对照组(6只)外,其他每组12只。每组观察指标包括:平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR),计算平均动脉压和心率乘积(RPP);心肌缺血危险区(AAR)、梗死区(IS)的体积,心肌梗死面积以IS/AAR表示;免疫组化测定心肌组织细胞间黏附分子(ICAM-1)的表达水平。结果与CON组相比,MPC组的IS和IS/AAR均明显下降(P<0.01),MPC+THE组分别明显低于CON组(P<0.01),高于MPC组(P<0.01),THE自身对照组与CON组相比差异无显著性(P>0.05);CON组心肌中的ICAM-1的表达水平明显高于Sham组(P<0.01),MPC组心肌组织中的ICAM-1的表达水平明显低于CON组(P<0.01),而MPC+THE组心肌组织中的ICAM-1的表达水平高于MPC组(P<0.01),低于CON组(P<0.01)。结论侧脑室吗啡预处理可以上调大鼠脊髓腺苷受体的激动水平,后者通过抑制心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的炎症反应,部分介导了侧脑室吗啡预处理对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用。     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.     

脑阿片受体在侧脑室注射吗啡预处理减轻大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤中的作用

Objective To investigate the role of cerebral opioid receptors in the protective effects of intracerebro-ventricular (ICV) morphine preconditioning (MPC) against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Methods Male SD rats weighing 320-370 g were used in this study. A needle was inserted through a surgically created hole into the cerebro-ventricle using a stereotactic instrument and fixed. Sixty male SD rats in which ICV needle was successfully placed without complication were randomly divided into 10 groups of 6 animals each. In group I sham operation was performed (S). In group]] myocardial I/R was produced (I/R) . In group Ⅲ (ischemic preconditioning), the animals were subjected to 3 episodes of 5 min myocardial ischemia at 5 min intervals before ischemia (IPC) . In group IV morphine was given ICV in 3 repeated doses of 1 μg/kg at 5 min intervals before ischemia (MPC). Three types of opioid receptor antagonists -nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI) (κ receptor antagonist), D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2(CTOP) (μ receptor antagonist) and naltrindole (NTD) (S receptor antagonist) 15 nmol were given ICV in group V . VI and VIⅡI respectively at 10 min before MPC. In group VIII,IX and X , nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD 15 nmol were given ICV respectively at 40 min before ischemia. Myocardial I/R was produced by occlusion of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min reperfusion. At the end of 120 min, femoral venous blood samples were taken for determination of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) concentration. The animals were then killed and hearts removed for measurement of area at risk (AAR) and infarct area (IA) . IA/AAR ratio was calculated. Results The size of IA was smaller and IA/AAR ratio lower and significantly less LDH and CK and more CGRP were released in group IPC and MPC ( group Ⅲ and IV) than in group I/R (group II ) . The protective effects of MPC were abolished by pretreatment with nor-BNI, CTOP and NTD. Conclusion Cerebral μ, k and δ opioid receptors are involved in the protective effects of ICV morphine preconditioning against myocardial I/R injury through CGRP released from peptidergic nerve fibers of heart.