对比每天1次与每天3次妥布霉素治疗肺囊性纤维化(TOPIC研究):一项随机对照研究

背景:妥布霉素(3次/d)静脉注射广泛应用于慢性绿脓假单胞菌感染的肺囊性纤维化患者。本研究采用了随机双盲对照试验以评估妥布霉素1次/d与3次/d疗法应用于这些患者的安全性和有效性。方法:英国21个肺囊性纤维化诊疗中心的244例患者被随机分为妥布霉素1次/d治疗组及3次/d治疗组(均联合应用头孢他定),进行为期14d的治疗。用法为将妥布霉素加入0.9%的盐水中30m in内静脉滴注。主要结果为14d疗程结束后第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)变化,用依据年龄、性别、身高的正常预测值的百分比表示。同时也测定了用基线值百分比表示的FEV1变化。次要结果还包…     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CLINICAL USE OF ANTIBIOTIC AND PRODUCTION OF ESBLS

Extended -spectrum β -lactamases(ESBLs)aremainlyproducedbymembersofthefamilyEnter obacteriaceaewhichcanhydrolyzeβ -lactamantibi oticsincludingthethird - generationcephalosporinandaztreonam ,theESBLs- producingbacillishowedmedian -highresistancetoceftazidimeandaztreonamparticularly[1] .NowadaystheprevalenceofESBLs -producingstrainshavebeenreportedinmanyareasaroundtheworld[2 ] .ButthereisfewinformationabouttherelationshipbetweentheuseofantibioticandtheproductionofESBLs .Weperformedastud…     

An Analysis of Chromosome on Sterility Caused by Azoospermia or Oligospermia

ＡｎＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆＣｈｒｏｍｏｓｏｍｅｏｎＳｔｅｒｉｌｉｔｙＣａｕｓｅｄｂｙＡｚｏｏｓｐｅｒｍｉａｏｒＯｌｉｇｏｓｐｅｒｍｉａ￥ＷｕＭｅｉｈｅｎｇ；ＴａｎｇＷｉｎｇｎｕｏ．（ＡＣＴＡＡＣＡＤＥＭＩＡＥＭＥＤＩＣＩＮＡＥＮＡＮＪＩＮＧ，１９９５（...     

降压治疗应符合“时间治疗学”规律

目前,我国有高血压病患者约1.3亿人,而且每年以350万人的速度增长,科学规范化降压治疗可防止50%～80%的心脑血管疾病发生,因此,合理的降压治疗十分重要。1.血压的生物学变化规律研究表明,人体的血压具有明显的生物学变化规律。首先,表现在季节变化上,一般来说多数高血压病患者在夏季由于天热,外周血管扩张,血压较其它季节偏低,对降压药物的反应较好。到了冬季,由于天冷,外周血管收缩,血压偏高,对降压药物的需求量比夏季偏大,往往需联合多种降压药物才能使血压达标。其次,主要表现在血压具有典型时间生物学规律,即遵循典型的“醒-睡周期”而…     

经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术中冠状动脉内支架的应用

经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术中冠状动脉内支架的应用北京友谊医院心内科（１０００５０）那开宪新加坡中央医院心脏科陈朝兴北京急救中心余平目前经皮冠状动脉内血管成形术（ＰＴＣＡ）已成为治疗冠心病的主要方法之一，但由于其急性并发症如冠状动脉内膜剥离、夹层形成、急...     

Poststroke DNA immunization against neurite growth inhibitors is beneficial to the recovery from local cerebral ischemia in rats

BACKGROUND： Inhibitory signals, i.e. neurite growth inhibitors （NGIs）, presenting on central nervous system （CNS） myelin have been shown to play a crucial role in inhibiting lesioned axonal sprouting and leading to less functional recovery. Vaccines targeting NGIs may provide multifactorial protection against brain insults by overcoming the inhibitory effects of these NGIs and boosting the body＇s immune repair mechanisms. OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the effect of poststroke DNA immunization against NGIs on the rehabilitation for sensorimotor function of rat models of local cerebral ischemia. DESIGN： Completely randomized grouping design, and controlled experiment. SETTING： Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore. MATERIALS： Sixty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats ranging in age from 45 to 120 days and in weight from 180 to 250 grams were provided by Animal Center of Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, National University of Singapore. pcDNA3.1（＋）-neurite growth inhibitors （pcDNA-NGIs） a gift was provided by Dr. Xiao from Department of Clinical Research, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore. METHODS： The experiment was carried out at Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore from August 2003 to April 2005. （1）The involved rats were randomized into 3 groups： pcDNA-NGIs group （group A）, pcDNA3.1 （＋） group （group B） and model group （group C）, with 20 rats in each group. Left focal cerebral ischemia （FCI） was permanently induced through middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） with the assistance of an operating microscope. Successful MCAO was determined by a 20% decrease to baseline in the ipsilateral cerebral blood flow. 100 μg of pcDNA-NGIs eluted in phosphate-buffered saline （PBS） was intramuscularly injected into the tibial muscle once a week after MCAO for 6 weeks in group A. As control, pcDNA3.1 （＋） was also administrated in the same way in group B and nothing was administrated in group C. （2） The modified neurological severity score （mNSS）, a composite of motor, sensory, reflex and balance tests, was used to test the sensorimotor deficit. The mNSS was graded on a scale of 0 - 18, i.e. normal score was 0, maximal deficit score was 18, and 1 point was warded for the inability to perform the tasks or the lack of a tested reflex. （3） The newly generated axons of corticorubral projection were traced by stereotaxic guided injection of 100 g/L biotinylated dextran amine. Rats were sacrificed two weeks after tracing, and cryostat coronal sections of midbrains （30μm） were reacted to BDA according to the manufacturer＇s instruction by the free-floating method. Images were captured on a DM RXA2 LEICA Microscope with a Spot Digital Camera system （Germany）, and the numbers of labeled axons on the denervated side in four standard coronal sections including the red nucleus were manually quantified. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） The number of newly generated axons of corticorubral projection. （2）The improvement in sensorimotor deficit. RESULTS： All the involved 60 rats entered the stage of final analysis. （1） The number of newly generated axons of corticorubral projection of rats： Only ipsilateral axons of CRP were noted with little evidence of fibers crossing to the contralateral red nucleus in rats of groups B and C. More BDA-positive fibers crossing the midline and terminating in the contralateral red nucleus in appropriate target areas mirroring the non-differentiated red nucleus were found in rats of group A. Quantitative analysis showed that BDA-labeled axons in the denervated side of rats in group A were more than those in group B （P 〈 0.05）. （2） Improvement in sensorimotor deficit of rats： At 2 weeks after immunization, significant improvement in sensorimotor deficit was found in rats of group A. There were significant differences of improvement in sensorimotor deficit of rats between group A and group B or group C at 12 and 14 weeks after immunization （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： （1） Poststroke DNA immunization against NGIs leads to increased sensorimotor recovery following FCI and compensatory newly growth of axons from corticorubral projection.     

洋地黄在充血性心力衰竭治疗中的地位

洋地黄应用于临床已200余年了,但至今仍是治疗充血性心力衰竭的主要药物.近些年来有关洋地黄对充血性心力衰竭预后的大系列循证医学临床研究结果表明,应重新评估洋地黄在充血性心力衰竭治疗中的地位.