光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

Objective To compare the characterization of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) and stable angina pectoris (SAP) by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT was performed in 47 patients (23 UAP and 24 SAP) undergoing coronary angiography. Lipid-rich plaque (defined by ≥ 2 quandrants of the cross-section area), thin cap fibroatheroma (TCFA), thickness of fibrous cap, plaque rupture, calcification and thrombus visualized by OCT were compared between UAP and SAP patients. Results OCT imaging was successfully in 44 out of 47 patients (22 UAP, 22 SAP). Proportion of lipid-rich plaques was similar between UAP and SAP groups [91% (20/22) vs, 73% (16/22),P =0. 741]. The minimum thickness of fibrous cap in the UAP group was significantly thinner than that in SAP group [(69.5±34.7) μm vs. (141.1±68.5) μm, P = 0.000] and the rate of fibrous cap erosion in the UAP group was significantly higher than that in the SAP group [59% (13/22) vs. 9% (2/22), P=0.000]. Percents of TCFA [73% (16/22) vs. 14% (3/22) ,P = 0.000] and plaque rupture [50% (11/22) vs.9% (2/22) , P = 0.003] were significantly higher in UAP group compared those in SAP group. Incidence of thrombus and calcification were similar between two groups. Conclusions OCT imaging can clearly define plaque characterization of coronary atherosclerosis. UAP patients have thinner fibrous cap, higher incidences of fibrous cap erosion, plaque rupture and TCFA compared patients with SAP.     

光学相干断层成像评价冠状动脉内支架术后即刻支架周围组织结构改变

目的:应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)评价冠状动脉内支架术后即刻支架周围组织结构改变。方法:对21例临床诊断冠心病准备介入治疗患者,在冠状动脉内置入支架后即刻进行OCT成像检查。21例患者中共有22支冠状动脉置入25个支架,其中前降支11支13个支架,回旋支8支9个支架,右冠状动脉3支3个支架。OCT评价支架贴壁不良、血管夹层及撕裂、组织脱垂等。支架贴壁不良定义为支架支撑杆与血管壁距离大于0.20mm,组织脱垂定义为血管壁组织通过支架网眼突入管腔。结果:21例患者均成功进行OCT检查,22支靶血管25个支架均成功获得清晰OCT图像。通过OCT发现置入的25个支架中有12个支架可以看到部分支架支撑杆未能完全封闭血管壁上的夹层及撕裂;所置入的支架中有50个支架支撑杆贴壁不良,平均支架支撑杆与血管壁的距离为0.39±0.20(0.20~1.16)mm。通过OCT检出置入的25个支架中有20个支架可见到不同程度组织脱垂,共检出85个组织脱垂,平均最大组织脱垂面积为0.55±0.64(0.04~2.81)mm2。结论:OCT成像技术可清晰显示冠心病冠状动脉支架后血管夹层、撕裂组织脱垂及支架贴壁情况,其临床意义有待于进一步研究。     

光学相干断层扫描比较不稳定性和稳定性心绞痛患者粥样硬化斑块特征

目的 应用光学相干断层成像(OCT)技术比较不稳定性心绞痛(UAP)和稳定性心绞痛(SAP)患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征.方法 对临床诊断的23例UAP和24例SAP患者,在完成冠状动脉造影并确诊冠心病后进行OCT检查.根据OCT结果 回顾性比较分析UAP和SAP患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块特征,包括富含脂质斑块(≥2个象限的脂质斑块)、斑块纤维帽厚度、薄纤维帽粥样斑块(TCFA)、斑块破裂、钙化和血栓等.结果 47例患者中有44例成功进行OCT检查,包括22例UAP和22例SAP患者.UAP患者冠状动脉富含脂质斑块为91%(20/22),多于SAP患者的73%(16/22),但差异无统计学意义(P=0.741).UAP患者冠状动脉脂质斑块表面纤维帽厚度明显小于SAP患者[(69.5±34.7)μm比(141.1±68.5)μm,P=0.000],纤维帽侵蚀比例为59%(13/22),明显多于SAP患者的9%(2/22,P=0.000);TCFA[73%(16/22)比14%(3/22),P=0.000]和斑块破裂[50%(11/22)比9%(2/22),P=0.003]多于SAP患者.UAP患者冠状动脉斑块表而可见血栓形成多于SAP患者,但差异无统计学意义[27%(6/22)比9%(2/22),P=0.761].在斑块钙化方面,UAP与SAP患者之间差异无统计学意义.结论 OCT技术可清晰显示冠状动脉粥样斑块特征.与SAP患者比较,UAP患者冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块表现为纤维帽更薄、更多的纤维帽侵蚀、更多的破裂斑块和TCFA.     

经皮冠状动脉介入术前阿托伐他汀强化治疗对预后的影响

目的评价经皮冠状动脉介入术前患者行阿托伐他汀强化治疗对预后的影响。方法60例入选患者术前被随机分为两组,强化治疗组29例患者,术前12小时内服用阿托伐他汀80mg;对照组31例患者,术前12小时内服用阿托伐他汀20mg,所有患者术后均以阿托伐他汀每日20mg,每日1次长期维持。观察两组患者术前及术后24小时的肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白I、C反应蛋白等指标的变化,比较两组在出院3个月时主要不良心血管事件发生率。结果强化治疗组主要不良心血管事件发生率为3．4％,对照组为22．6％（P〈0．05）;与对照组相比,强化治疗组患者术后肌酸激酶同工酶、肌钙蛋白I升高幅度显著减低（P〈0．05）;C反应蛋白升高的幅度低于对照组,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论PCI术前使用80mg阿托伐他汀同常规使用20mg的剂量相比,强化治疗的患者在短期预后方面获益大。     

老年人小脑出血临床分析

目的 探讨老年人小脑出血的临床特点,以便更好地指导临床治疗。方法 将老年小脑出血患者70例与非老年患者35例进行对照研究,比较其临床特点、出血部位和发病原因、治疗及预后。结果 老年组以眩晕、呕吐起病多见,分别有60例和67例,非老年组以头痛、呕吐起病多见,分别有30例和35例。老年组中有50例患者发病时血压明显升高,分别有40、57、58及53例伴有明显的水电解质紊乱、肾功能异常、心电图异常及肺部感染。结论 老年人小脑出血临床表现不典型,高血压、脑动脉硬化是重要原因,脑疝致中枢性呼吸衰竭及多器官功能衰竭是主要死亡原因。     

低血钾周期性麻痹的诊疗体会

<正> 临床资料一、一般情况:26例均为我科住院病人。其中男24例,女2例。年龄18～40岁。其中18～20岁3例,20～30岁15例,30～35岁7例,40岁1例,青壮年男性多发。其中,首次发作者20例,反复发作史者6例。     

组织多普勒成像技术评价冠心病心肌梗死后左室整体功能

 目的 应用超声心动图对冠心病心肌梗死患者进行检测,寻找与左室功能相关性良好的指标以利于临床评估.方法 对经临床及冠状动脉造影确诊的心肌梗死(1～6个月)患者68例行多普勒超声心动图检查.根据其二尖瓣口血流频谱形态将患者分为3组:左室松弛性减低组、假性正常化组、限制性充盈组;又根据心脏射血分数(ejection fraction,EF)值将患者分为两组:EF≥50％,EF＜ 50％,将各多普勒超声心动图参数在各组对比分析.结果 随着心脏舒张功能障碍的进展,运用组织多普勒技术(TDI)测得的二尖瓣环舒张早期峰值速度(Ea)及其与舒张晚期峰值速度(Aa)的比值Ea/Aa降低(P＜0.01),其差别尤其表现在对照组与左室松弛性减低组及其与假性正常化组之间(P＜0.01).在正常对照组、冠心病心肌梗死EF正常组及冠心病心肌梗死EF减低组TDI测得的二尖瓣环收缩期峰值速度Sa、Ea及Ea/Aa比值呈逐渐降低趋势(P＜0.01).而且Spearman相关分析表明:Ea值及Ea/Aa比值与左室舒张功能障碍分级相关性良好,Sa与EF值相关性良好.结论 冠心病心肌梗死患者出现左室舒张功能障碍常先于左室收缩功能障碍,TDI测得的Ea及Ea/Aa比值可用于鉴别左室舒张功能的假性正常化;TD1测得的Sa可作为评估冠心病心肌梗死患者左室收缩功能的重要参数.