良性前列腺增生与前列腺慢性炎症的相关性研究进展

良性前列腺增生（BPH）是老年男性常见的泌尿系统疾病，其发病与前列腺慢性炎症之间存在显著相关。感染因子、尿液返流、代谢综合征、衰老过程和自身免疫应答在内的几种刺激，通过相应分子途径引起前列腺免疫细胞的组织定位和组成成分发生广泛改变，从而导致免疫系统失调，之后引发的组织损伤和缓慢愈合，导致了BPH发生和进展。本文通过总结良性前列腺增生与前列腺慢性炎症的相关性的临床研究结果，前列腺免疫细胞在病理生理机制层面与前两者之间的内在联系，以及抗炎药物对BPH-LUTS的干预作用，以其为BPH-LUTS的药物研发提供参考。     

电针“足三里”穴对脾气虚大鼠小肠黏膜转运体SGLT1及GLUT2表达的影响

目的:观察电针双侧"足三里"穴对脾气虚模型大鼠小肠黏膜上皮组织内的钠依赖葡萄糖转运体(SGLT1),葡萄糖运载蛋白2(GLUT2)的基因及蛋白表达的影响。方法:将40只SD雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、脾气虚组、足三里组、非经非穴组,每组10只。所有大鼠均在SPF级动物实验中心饲养。除正常组外,其余3组均采用劳倦过度和不规则饮食复合法建立脾气虚证的大鼠模型。造模成功之后,对足三里组、非经非穴组大鼠分别进行电针"足三里"穴、非经非穴点干预处理7天。采用HE染色方法观察各组大鼠小肠黏膜组织形态变化;采用荧光定量PCR法检测大鼠小肠黏膜上皮的SGLT1和GLUT2的mRNA表达水平;采用蛋白质免疫印迹法(WB)检测大鼠小肠黏膜上皮组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2的蛋白含量变化。结果:脾气虚组大鼠小肠黏膜组织部分损伤,足三里组的小肠黏膜组织有一定程度的恢复;脾气虚组和非经非穴组大鼠小肠黏膜组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2蛋白和基因表达水平均明显低于正常组(P 0. 05);足三里组大鼠小肠黏膜组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2蛋白和基因表达水平相比于脾气虚组有所升高(P 0. 05),非经非穴组未见显著性差异(P 0. 05)。结论:电针"足三里"穴可以调节脾气虚大鼠小肠黏膜上皮组织内的SGLT1和GLUT2基因及蛋白的异常表达,参与小肠对葡萄糖的吸收作用进而改善脾气虚证。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

气压泵在神经内科偏瘫患者预防下肢静脉血栓中的应用探讨

下肢静脉血栓作为常见的深静脉血栓类型之一,占比约为90%。相关研究显示,导致下肢深静脉血栓发生的原因较多,例如:长期卧床、手术时间过长、偏瘫、甘露醇大量使用,这些因素都会导致静脉血栓的发生。一旦出现这一并发症,便会影响到患者的生命质量。为了预防偏瘫患者下肢静脉血栓的发生,可将气压泵运用其中,呈现出良好的应用效果。     

乌鲁木齐地区不同民族子痫前期患者VEGF单核苷酸多态性研究

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF) rs2010963(-634 G/C)、rs3025039(+936 C/T)两个位点单核苷酸多态性与本地区不同民族子痫前期患易感性的相关性。方法采用MassARRAY SNP分型技术进行基因分型。对2016年1月-2017年6月期间在乌鲁木齐市妇幼保健院分娩的子痫前期患者157例(其中维吾尔族60例、汉族61例、回族13例、哈族23例),正常妊娠女性174 (维吾尔族67例,汉族65例,回族17例和哈族25例)例的VEGF基因-634 G/C、VEGF+936 C/T单核苷酸位点进行基因分析,比较各组基因型和等位基因频率分布有无差异(P 0. 05)。结果 (1)VEGF-634 G/C)、VEGF+936 C/T二个位点的基因型和等位基因频率分布在不同民族的子痫前期组及正常对照组孕妇中差异均无统计学意义;(2)研究对象的一般资料分析表明,不同民族的子痫前期组与正常对照组平均年龄无显著性差异;子痫前期患者的平均孕周显著低于对照组孕周,其新生儿平均体质量和Aparg评分也显著低于对照组新生儿;子痫前期患者组孕前体质指数显著大于对照组,从孕前至分娩时体质量增长变化数显著高于正常对照组孕妇。结论rs2010963(-634 G/C)、rs3025039(+936 C/T)二个位点单核苷酸多态性与本地区不同民族子痫前期的易感性不存在统计学相关;孕前体质指数和孕期体质量增长变化数则为子痫前期发生的可能危险因素之一,孕前及孕期控制体质量对于预防子痫前期的发生有着积极意义。     

综合指数法在某重水堆核燃料元件生产线职业病危害评价中的应用

应用《工作场所化学有害因素职业健康风险评估技术导则》中的综合指数法进行某重水堆核燃料元件生产线的风险评估。结果显示,生产线岗位人员接触的主要化学有害因素为氨和硝酸,风险等级为中等风险。综合指数法评估结果不同于现行的标准限值比较法,应用综合指数法得出的结果更有利于企业进行职业健康风险分级管理,有针对性地降低风险水平,保护职业健康。