神经生长因子基因转染联合强化铁营养防治豚鼠爆震性聋的实验研究

Objective To study the protective effects of adenovirus-mediated human beta-nerve growth factor gene (hNGFβ) transfer combined with iron fortified nutrition on blast hearing damage in guinea pigs. Methods Deafness was induced by blast (172dB SPL) in 35 healthy guinea pigs. Seven days after noise exposure, 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with adenovirus-mediated hNGFβ (Ad-hNGFβ) into the perilymphatic space (the gene group), another 10 guinea pigs were given hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet (the combination group), still another 10 guinea pigs were inoculated with artificial perilymphatic fluid (APF), and 5 guinea pigs served as control, given neither medicine nor noise exposure. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shifts were monitored in the guinea pigs before blast exposure and after gene transfer. Changes in cochlear morphology were examined with immunohistochemical and HE staining. Results One week after successful inoculation of hNGFβ, it was noted that Ad-hNGFβ protein was expressed in each turn of the cochlea, and its intensity was almost equal. After gene transfer in the combination group and the gene group, ABR threshold shifts at week 1 and 4 were significantly smaller than those of the APF group. HE staining showed that the number of the spiral ganglion cells in the combination group and the Ad-hNGFβ group was significantly higher than that of the control group after 4 weeks (P<0.01). Conclusions Ad-hNGFβ combined with iron fortified nutritional diet was effective in the prevention and treatment of blast hearing damage of cochlear hair cells.     

人巨细胞病毒感染与上颌窦鳞癌

人类巨细胞病毒 (Ｈｕｍａｎｃｙｔｏｍｅｇａｌｏｖｉｒｕｓ ,ＨＣＭＶ )与人类肿瘤的关系已成为肿瘤病毒学中一个重要的研究领域。大量的分子生物学和流行病学研究结果表明 ,ＨＣＭＶ与生殖道肿瘤及口腔肿瘤关系密切[1,2 ] 。有关人乳头状瘤病毒 (Ｈｕｍａｎｐａｐｉｌｌｏｍ     

一种获取和处理人前庭导水管外科标本作为内淋巴管和内淋巴囊组织病理学研究的方法

内淋巴囊在梅尼埃病的病理生理学上可能起到很重要的作用,该文介绍一种获取和处理新鲜的人内淋巴管标本和有可能在手术中获取更具活性的内淋巴囊骨内部分的方法。具体方法是:在经迷路进路到达内听道的手术中,先在后颅窝靠近前庭导水管的外孔处将其辨认出来。用小金钢钻将前庭导水管轮廓化,直至其前庭处,并沿它的周围留下一层薄的骨壁。为了避免手术损伤脑膜和增加通入后颅窝的入口,     

Adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor gene transfer has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion after blast exposure

Objective：To study whether adenovirus-mediated human β-nerve growth factor （Ad-hNGFβ） gene has any protective effect on blast hearing impairment. Methods：Deafness was induced by blast exposure （172.0 dB） in 30 healthy guinea pigs. On day 7 of blast exposure, Ad-hNGFβ was infused into the perilymphatic space of 20 animals as the study group （hNGFβ group）, and artificial perilymph fluid （APF） was infused into the perilymphatic space of the other 10 animals as the control group. At weeks 1, 4 and 8 after blast exposure, the animals were sacrificed and the cochleae were removed for immunohistochemical and HE stainings. Results： Expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein was detected in each turn of the cochlea at the 1st week, with almost equal intensity in all turns. At the 4th week, the reactive intensity of the expression of Ad-hNGFβ protein decreased. At the 8th week, no expression was detectable. The results of HE staining showed that the amount of spiral ganglions in hNGFβ group was significantly greater than that of the control group at week 4 （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： Ad-hNGFβ can be expressed at a high level and for a relatively long period in the blast impaired cochlea, suggesting that Ad-hNGFβ has a protective effect on cochlear spiral ganglion cells after blast exposure and the efficient gene transfer into cochlea had been achieved without toxicity.     

咽丛神经切断术在发音重建中的作用

目的　为解除咽缩肌的痉挛 ,提高喉全切除术后用发音管发音重建的成功率。方法　在一侧舌骨大角后内侧咽缩肌的后表面 6 5mm左右 ,可找到咽丛神经支配咽下缩肌的主支或分支 ,将其切断。结果　 16例中 15例咽丛神经切断术后发音重建成功 ,成功率为 93 8%。结论　咽丛神经切断术取代咽缩肌切断术是可行的。咽丛神经切断术能提高Blom Singer发音管发音重建的成功率 ,值得推广应用。     

微矩阵基因芯片筛选喉鳞癌相关基因的研究

目的：应用基因微矩阵方法筛选喉鳞癌相关基因。方法：按一步法抽提喉鳞癌和对照喉正常组织的总ＤＮＡ并纯化ｍＲＮＡ;将４０９６种人类基因ＰＣＲ产物用ＣａｒｔｅｓｉａｎＰｉｘｓｙｓ７５００点样仪按微矩阵排列点样于化学涂层的载玻片上,制成基因芯片;将等量的对照组织和喉鳞癌组织ｍＲＮＡ分别逆转录合成荧光分子掺入的ｃＮＤＡ－链做探针,混合后杂交上述基因芯片,经严格洗片后用ＳｃａｎＡｒｒａｙ３０００扫描仪扫描芯片     

喉癌中人乳头状瘤病毒感染的检测及其临床分析

目的：探讨喉鳞状细胞癌中人乳头状瘤病毒（ＨＰＶ１６,１８亚型）感染情况及临床分析。方法：用免疫组化的方法对４２例喉鳞癌组织中ＨＰＶ１６,１８亚型情况进行检测。结果：４２例喉鳞癌组织中ＨＰＶ１６,１８亚型感染阳性率６４．２９％（２７／４２）,但ＨＰＶ１６,１８感染与临床分期、癌细胞的分化程度、肿瘤的淋巴结转移和临床分型无关。结论：ＨＰＶ１６,１８感染可能是人喉癌形成的触发因素,它对肿瘤生物学行为的影     

以慢性蝶窦炎为首发表现的鼻咽癌3例报告

鼻咽癌由于鼻咽癌部位隐蔽,症状比较复杂,如单侧头痛或复视、上颈部肿块,后吸性涕中带血,一侧分泌性中耳炎等,常可作为早期症状或首发症状单独出现,因此容易漏诊、误诊。此外,慢性上颌窦炎及慢性蝶窦炎亦可能是鼻咽癌患者的首发症状或表现。现将我科近年来收治的3例以慢性蝶窦炎为首发表现的鼻咽癌报告如下。     

鼻内镜下经蝶窦蝶鞍区手术中蝶窦前壁的应用解剖

目的:为鼻内镜下经蝶窦蝶鞍区手术准确寻找蝶窦口,避免损伤蝶腭动脉提供解剖学资料.方法:在15例国人头颅标本上,用游标卡尺和角规对30侧蝶窦前壁进行解剖学(走行、位置、外径以及与相关结构的距离)观察和测量.结果:鼻小柱根部至蝶窦口下极及蝶腭孔的距离分别为(60.40±3.21,58.10～72.76) mm和(62.14±1.93,59.50～73.40) mm;蝶腭孔至蝶窦口下极的距离为(12.20±1.10,8.10～16.35) mm,在蝶腭孔处蝶腭动脉的外径为(1.99±0.13,1.50～2.80) mm;蝶窦口下极至鼻中隔后上动脉及鼻中隔后下动脉的距离分别为(3.49±0.24,2.78～5.20) mm和(6.42±1.08,4.30～8.50) mm.结论:蝶窦口是经蝶窦蝶鞍区手术的重要标志;开放蝶窦时宜从蝶窦口内下方开放,以免损伤蝶腭动脉.     

63例声带白斑的嗓音分析

目的:寻找声带白斑嗓音分析中敏感指标,探讨嗓音分析对于诊断声带白斑的临床意义.方法:使用Dr.Speech软件对63例声带白斑患者(男47例,女16例)进行嗓音分析,计算基频微扰(Jitter)、幅度微扰(Shimmer)、声门噪声能量(NNE)、谐噪比(HNR)及基频值(Fo),并按不同性别与各自正常对照组(均30例)和声带息肉患者(均30例)嗓音分析的各指标进行对比.结果:男性声带白斑患者的Jitter、Shimmer明显高于正常男性对照组和男性声带息肉患者;HNR低于正常男性对照组,高于声带息肉男性组;NNE低于正常男性对照组和男性声带息肉患者(P均＜0.05);Fo与正常男性对照组和男性声带息肉患者间无统计学差异.女性声带白斑患者的嗓音分析结果与男性类似.结论:Jitter、Shimmer、NNE、HNR指标可作为声带白斑嗓音分析的敏感指标,其中Jitter和Shimmer特异性最强,可作为声带白斑的诊断及疗效评价的参考指标.