鼻唇沟透明质酸注射填充术:应用钝针与锐针安全性和有效性的比较

目的对比应用钝针与锐针对鼻唇沟行透明质酸注射填充的安全性和有效性。方法自2015年5月至2016年10月,应用透明质酸对60例鼻唇沟凹陷求美者行鼻唇沟注射填充。随机分为两组,每组30例求美者。钝针组应用27 G钝针进行注射,锐针组应用27 G锐针进行注射。观察两组临床效果、维持时间及并发症发生情况。结果本组求美者获随访1～9个月,两组修复效果均较明显,两组总有效率差异无统计学意义(P0.05);局部肿胀发生率钝针组高于锐针组(P0.05);淤青、局部不平整和丁达尔现象的发生率锐针组高于钝针组(P0.05)。结论通过透明质酸注射填充可以安全、有效地修复鼻唇沟凹陷,锐针注射可以对皮肤表面形态进行更精细的雕刻,钝针注射更有利于降低血管栓塞等相关并发症的发生风险。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

大麻素CB1受体对条件性药物渴求的控制作用

最近研究表明,大麻素CB1受体是用于治疗药物成瘾的一个新靶标。CB1受体存在于大脑激动环路,能调节药物摄取。在模拟人类成瘾的诱导复发动物模型上,阻断CB1受体能减弱暗示诱导性药物渴求的恢复。在多种滥用药物如精神兴奋剂、阿片、尼古丁及酒精等均可观察到防复发的作用。此外,CB1受体在奖赏相关性记忆中也有重要作用,这与内源性大麻素在记忆相关的可塑性中的作用相一致。临床试验证明,CB1受体拮抗剂利莫那班能够抑制复发反应和体重增加。总之,临床及临床前研究均表明,CB1受体拮抗剂为成瘾行为开辟了一种新的治疗途径。     

一氧化氮参与阿片耐受和依赖的机制

一氧化氮(NO)作为一种神经信号传递因子,参与对阿片耐受和依赖的调节.阿片耐受和依赖时,神经元内NO水平升高;NO可通过NO-环磷酸鸟苷和NO-多聚二磷酸腺苷合酶等多种途径影响阿片耐受和依赖的形成.NO与阿片系统之间的相互调控的机制很复杂,目前尚不完全清楚.     

海南萝芙木季胺碱——大斯配加春的结构

从海南萝芙木生产“降压灵”的母液中,分得一新的二聚体生物碱,命名为大斯配加春(macrospegatrine)。根据红外、紫外、质谱、氢谱及单晶X—射线衍射确定结构为Ⅰ式(图1)。     

脊髓血管畸形血管内皮生长因子在脑脊液的表达

目的探讨脊髓血管畸形是否存在血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达,及其表达与临床特征之间是否存在相关性。方法在手术中留取56例脊髓血管畸形的脑脊液标本,其中动静脉畸形(SCAVM)23例,硬脊膜动静脉瘘(SDAVF)19例,海绵状血管瘤(CM)14例;以我院12例蛛网膜下腔阻滞病人脑脊液作为对照组,分别通过酶联免疫吸附方法(ELISA)测定脊髓血管畸形脑脊液中VEGF含量。结果SCAVM脑脊液中VEGF浓度为(277±66)pg/ml、SDAVF为(318±54)pg/ml、CM为(146±32)pg/ml均高于正常对照组(123±27)pg/ml。术前栓塞和出血均可导致脑脊液VEGF升高。结论VEGF与脊髓血管畸形的发生、发展存在一定关系,出血和栓塞均可影响VEGF的表达。     

长沙地区少年、儿童四种微量元素抽样调查分析

资料我院自1986年12月以来开展了微量元素门诊,并对我院和长沙省三幼儿园的294名儿童进行了锌(Zn)铜(Cu)铁(Fe),锰(Mn)四种微量元素的发样检测,现初步总结如下:     

垂体后叶素联合立止血、洛赛克治疗肝炎肝硬化上消化道出血的临床观察

应用垂体后叶素联合立止血与洛赛克治疗肝炎肝硬化并发上消化道出血患者２９例，随机用垂体后叶素患者２０例，垂体后叶素加洛赛克患者１５例作对照，比较三组止血有效率及复发率，观察组有效率为８６％、复发率显著降低，仅为３％。