外伤性无晶体眼二期人工晶状体植入术后角膜内皮形态及角膜厚度的改变

目的:了解外伤性无晶体眼患者二期人工晶状体植入术对角膜内皮形态及角膜厚度的影响。方法:将2004年12月至2005年5月于中山眼科中心外伤科2组行二期人工晶状体植入术的所有患者纳入本研究,测量患者术前、术后角膜5个方位的角膜内皮细胞形态及角膜厚度,比较术前、术后角膜内皮细胞形态及角膜厚度的变化。结果:纳入研究患者21例,11例行经上方角巩缘植入PMMA人工晶状体植入术,10例在平坦部玻璃体腔内灌注下行经上方角巩缘植入PMMA人工晶状体缝襻固定术。手术前后上方角膜内皮细胞的变异系数增加,而六角形细胞的比例下降;其他位置角膜内皮细胞的变异系数及六角形细胞的比例都没有明显改变。没有眼内灌注及缝襻固定的患者术后一周及一个月复查角膜厚度均同术前无明显差别;而行眼内灌注缝襻固定术的患者术后一周发现角膜明显变厚。结论:角膜穿通伤口附近的角膜容易出现术后持续性水肿。手术操作容易损伤手术切口附近的角膜内皮。人工晶状体手术切口应避免角膜穿通口位置。短时间的眼内灌注会暂时影响角膜内皮细胞的功能而导致角膜水肿。手术中器械损伤是角膜内皮损伤的主要原因。     

闭合性眼外伤致黄斑裂孔的光相干断层扫描图像分析

Objective To observe the features of the images of optical coherence tomograpy (OCT) in patients with traumatic macular hole (TMH), and detect the clinical significance of OCT. Methods Consecutive 74 patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with TMH by examinations of visual acuity, slit lamp, and direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), The analysis software of OCT was used to make the quantitative measurements of TMH. And the TMH were classified according to the morphological characteristics of the images of OCT. 50°color fundus photography was performed on the patients after OCT. The relationship of TMH with the average visual acuity, disease duration, average neuroepithelial thickness on the margin of hole, and the base diameter and the apex diameter of macular hole were retrospectively analyzed. Results The characterisctics of the images of 74 cases (74 eyes) of TMH were classified into 5 types: macular holes with symmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 27 eyes (36.5%), macular holes with asymmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 12 eyes (16.2%), macular hole with full-thickness defect of neurosensory retina without edema or detachment at the margin in 14 eyes (18.9 %), macular hole with localized detachment of the neurosensory retina at the margin without edema in 17 eyes (23.0 %), and macular hole with thinning neurosensory retina in 4 eyes (5. 4 %).There was no significant difference of visual acuity among different types of TMH (F=1. 574, P=0. 191).The visual acuity was positively related with the marginal retinal thickness (r=0. 342, P=0. 003), but not related to age, diameter of macular hole or the disease duration(r value was from-0. 022 to-0. 134, P value was from 0. 863 to 0. 261). The disease duration of Type IV TMH was shorter than that of other TMH types. In the patients with the disease duration over 90 days, Type I TMH was predominant. The average retinal thicknesses at the margin of the hole showed significant differences among different TMH types (F= 13.921, P= 0.000). Conclusions TMH could be divided into 5 types according to the characteristics of images of OCT; the clinical characteristics of different types of TMH varies.     

眼铁质沉着症的临床分析

目的:探讨眼铁质沉着症(ocular siderosis)的临床特点及治疗方案。方法:对我院2002年1月至2006年12月收治的64例眼铁沉着症患者进行回顾性分析。结果:56例手术取出残留的异物,其中33例异物最大长径≤2.0mm,位于下方睫状体扁平部或锯齿缘附近26例;眼眶X光正侧位照片联合薄骨位照片异物显影阳性率76.56%,超声生物显微镜(Ultrasound biomicroscope,UBM)异物显影阳性率47.62%;晶状体前囊铁锈沉着发生率100%,继发性青光眼发生率7.69%,视网膜脱离发生率13.84%;视网膜电流图(Electroretino-gram,ERG)karpe分期Ⅲ期占7/10和Ⅳ期占3/10;56例患者作了眼内异物取出,异物取出率100%,术中发现16.07%病例异物磁性消失。结论:眼铁质沉着症残留的异物以最大长径≤2.0mm为主,主要位于下方睫状体扁平部或锯齿缘附近;眼眶X光照片为首选的检查方法,UBM可作为眼前段异物影像学检查辅助手段;ERG改变以karpe分期的Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期为主;玻璃体手术是取出眼内异物最有效的治疗手段。眼科学报2007;23:231-237.     

腕关节支具固定治疗舟状骨隐匿性骨折

目的：探讨腕舟状骨隐匿性骨折的治疗方法。方法对23例舟状骨隐匿性骨折采用腕关节支具固定。结果最后确诊舟状骨骨折8例，占所有可疑骨折的34.8％，对所有确诊病例随访6个月～3年，无骨折移位、骨不连、缺血性坏死及骨关节炎发生；排除舟状骨骨折15例，所有排除病例随访3～4个月，未出现漏诊病例，腕关节功能正常。结论采用腕关节支具固定治疗舟状骨隐匿性骨折，有利于腕部韧带、关节囊等软组织的修复及局部肿胀的早期消退，对于潜在的骨折有足够的腕关节制动，避免因延迟诊断或漏诊导致严重的并发症，并且有利于早期功能锻炼。     

闭合性眼外伤致黄斑裂孔的光相干断层扫描图像分析

Objective To observe the features of the images of optical coherence tomograpy (OCT) in patients with traumatic macular hole (TMH), and detect the clinical significance of OCT. Methods Consecutive 74 patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with TMH by examinations of visual acuity, slit lamp, and direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), The analysis software of OCT was used to make the quantitative measurements of TMH. And the TMH were classified according to the morphological characteristics of the images of OCT. 50°color fundus photography was performed on the patients after OCT. The relationship of TMH with the average visual acuity, disease duration, average neuroepithelial thickness on the margin of hole, and the base diameter and the apex diameter of macular hole were retrospectively analyzed. Results The characterisctics of the images of 74 cases (74 eyes) of TMH were classified into 5 types: macular holes with symmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 27 eyes (36.5%), macular holes with asymmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 12 eyes (16.2%), macular hole with full-thickness defect of neurosensory retina without edema or detachment at the margin in 14 eyes (18.9 %), macular hole with localized detachment of the neurosensory retina at the margin without edema in 17 eyes (23.0 %), and macular hole with thinning neurosensory retina in 4 eyes (5. 4 %).There was no significant difference of visual acuity among different types of TMH (F=1. 574, P=0. 191).The visual acuity was positively related with the marginal retinal thickness (r=0. 342, P=0. 003), but not related to age, diameter of macular hole or the disease duration(r value was from-0. 022 to-0. 134, P value was from 0. 863 to 0. 261). The disease duration of Type IV TMH was shorter than that of other TMH types. In the patients with the disease duration over 90 days, Type I TMH was predominant. The average retinal thicknesses at the margin of the hole showed significant differences among different TMH types (F= 13.921, P= 0.000). Conclusions TMH could be divided into 5 types according to the characteristics of images of OCT; the clinical characteristics of different types of TMH varies.     

外伤后早期无光感眼的玻璃体视网膜手术

目的 观察外伤后早期无光感眼采用玻璃体视网膜手术治疗的效果。 方法 对17例17只眼外伤后早期无光感眼采用经平坦部的玻璃体切除联合视网膜复位术进行治疗,随访2～14个月。 结果 术后有11例11只眼获得解剖复位,8例8只眼恢复光感,其中5例5只眼视力大于0.05,最好1例1只眼视力为0.2。 结论 外伤后早期无光感眼玻璃体视网膜手术治疗是有价值的,使视网膜复位是手术成功的关键。（中华眼底病杂志,2000,16：213-284）     

闭合性眼外伤致黄斑裂孔的光相干断层扫描图像分析

Objective To observe the features of the images of optical coherence tomograpy (OCT) in patients with traumatic macular hole (TMH), and detect the clinical significance of OCT. Methods Consecutive 74 patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with TMH by examinations of visual acuity, slit lamp, and direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), The analysis software of OCT was used to make the quantitative measurements of TMH. And the TMH were classified according to the morphological characteristics of the images of OCT. 50°color fundus photography was performed on the patients after OCT. The relationship of TMH with the average visual acuity, disease duration, average neuroepithelial thickness on the margin of hole, and the base diameter and the apex diameter of macular hole were retrospectively analyzed. Results The characterisctics of the images of 74 cases (74 eyes) of TMH were classified into 5 types: macular holes with symmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 27 eyes (36.5%), macular holes with asymmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 12 eyes (16.2%), macular hole with full-thickness defect of neurosensory retina without edema or detachment at the margin in 14 eyes (18.9 %), macular hole with localized detachment of the neurosensory retina at the margin without edema in 17 eyes (23.0 %), and macular hole with thinning neurosensory retina in 4 eyes (5. 4 %).There was no significant difference of visual acuity among different types of TMH (F=1. 574, P=0. 191).The visual acuity was positively related with the marginal retinal thickness (r=0. 342, P=0. 003), but not related to age, diameter of macular hole or the disease duration(r value was from-0. 022 to-0. 134, P value was from 0. 863 to 0. 261). The disease duration of Type IV TMH was shorter than that of other TMH types. In the patients with the disease duration over 90 days, Type I TMH was predominant. The average retinal thicknesses at the margin of the hole showed significant differences among different TMH types (F= 13.921, P= 0.000). Conclusions TMH could be divided into 5 types according to the characteristics of images of OCT; the clinical characteristics of different types of TMH varies.     

闭合性眼外伤致黄斑裂孔的光相干断层扫描图像分析

Objective To observe the features of the images of optical coherence tomograpy (OCT) in patients with traumatic macular hole (TMH), and detect the clinical significance of OCT. Methods Consecutive 74 patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with TMH by examinations of visual acuity, slit lamp, and direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), The analysis software of OCT was used to make the quantitative measurements of TMH. And the TMH were classified according to the morphological characteristics of the images of OCT. 50°color fundus photography was performed on the patients after OCT. The relationship of TMH with the average visual acuity, disease duration, average neuroepithelial thickness on the margin of hole, and the base diameter and the apex diameter of macular hole were retrospectively analyzed. Results The characterisctics of the images of 74 cases (74 eyes) of TMH were classified into 5 types: macular holes with symmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 27 eyes (36.5%), macular holes with asymmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 12 eyes (16.2%), macular hole with full-thickness defect of neurosensory retina without edema or detachment at the margin in 14 eyes (18.9 %), macular hole with localized detachment of the neurosensory retina at the margin without edema in 17 eyes (23.0 %), and macular hole with thinning neurosensory retina in 4 eyes (5. 4 %).There was no significant difference of visual acuity among different types of TMH (F=1. 574, P=0. 191).The visual acuity was positively related with the marginal retinal thickness (r=0. 342, P=0. 003), but not related to age, diameter of macular hole or the disease duration(r value was from-0. 022 to-0. 134, P value was from 0. 863 to 0. 261). The disease duration of Type IV TMH was shorter than that of other TMH types. In the patients with the disease duration over 90 days, Type I TMH was predominant. The average retinal thicknesses at the margin of the hole showed significant differences among different TMH types (F= 13.921, P= 0.000). Conclusions TMH could be divided into 5 types according to the characteristics of images of OCT; the clinical characteristics of different types of TMH varies.     

干骺端环锯取骨植骨交锁髓内钉内固定术治疗下肢长骨骨折

目的:采用前瞻性对比研究干骺端环锯取骨植骨结合髓内钉固定术与传统方法髓内钉固定术治疗下肢骨干骨折的临床疗效.方法:62例下肢长骨骨干骨折患者,随机分成2组,研究组28例,在干骺端髓内钉入口处以环锯取骨,植入骨折端并行交锁髓内钉固定;对照组34例,采用传统方法以锥型开口器开口并行交锁髓内钉固定.比较两组的手术操作时间、出血量、骨折愈合时间、骨折愈合率、下肢功能状况.结果:两组病例的手术操作时间、出血量、下肢功能评分差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05).研究组骨折全部一期愈合,骨折愈合时间3～6个月,平均4.5个月;对照组一期愈合29例,有4例胫骨骨折延迟愈合行髓内钉动力化后愈合,1例股骨骨折因不愈合行植骨手术后4月愈合,骨折愈合时间4～11个月,平均6.5个月.比较两组骨折愈合时间及一期愈合率,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),研究组愈合更快.研究组经环锯取骨后未出现干骺端医源性骨折,未影响髓内钉的置入,安全性良好.结论:干骺端环锯取骨植骨结合交锁髓内钉固定术治疗下肢长骨骨折,手术安全,能促进骨折早期愈合,疗效满意.     

闭合性眼外伤致黄斑裂孔的光相干断层扫描图像分析

Objective To observe the features of the images of optical coherence tomograpy (OCT) in patients with traumatic macular hole (TMH), and detect the clinical significance of OCT. Methods Consecutive 74 patients (74 eyes) diagnosed with TMH by examinations of visual acuity, slit lamp, and direct or indirect ophthalmoscopy underwent optical coherence tomography (OCT), The analysis software of OCT was used to make the quantitative measurements of TMH. And the TMH were classified according to the morphological characteristics of the images of OCT. 50°color fundus photography was performed on the patients after OCT. The relationship of TMH with the average visual acuity, disease duration, average neuroepithelial thickness on the margin of hole, and the base diameter and the apex diameter of macular hole were retrospectively analyzed. Results The characterisctics of the images of 74 cases (74 eyes) of TMH were classified into 5 types: macular holes with symmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 27 eyes (36.5%), macular holes with asymmetric edema of the neurosensory retina at the margin in 12 eyes (16.2%), macular hole with full-thickness defect of neurosensory retina without edema or detachment at the margin in 14 eyes (18.9 %), macular hole with localized detachment of the neurosensory retina at the margin without edema in 17 eyes (23.0 %), and macular hole with thinning neurosensory retina in 4 eyes (5. 4 %).There was no significant difference of visual acuity among different types of TMH (F=1. 574, P=0. 191).The visual acuity was positively related with the marginal retinal thickness (r=0. 342, P=0. 003), but not related to age, diameter of macular hole or the disease duration(r value was from-0. 022 to-0. 134, P value was from 0. 863 to 0. 261). The disease duration of Type IV TMH was shorter than that of other TMH types. In the patients with the disease duration over 90 days, Type I TMH was predominant. The average retinal thicknesses at the margin of the hole showed significant differences among different TMH types (F= 13.921, P= 0.000). Conclusions TMH could be divided into 5 types according to the characteristics of images of OCT; the clinical characteristics of different types of TMH varies.