医学影像显示器的调试方法探讨

探讨了医学影像显示器的调试方法.近年来,一方面是CT、MRI、超声(US)、数字X线摄影等成像系统实现了直接数字化,另一方面则是放射科信息系统(RIS)和医院信息系统(HIS)的网络化,并联成了医学影像存储与传输系统(PACS),从而使医学影像的诊断方式发生了根本性变革,影像显示器已经成为必备的识读设备,然而,并非所有显示器都能满足临床识读要求.而显示器的性能又将对识读结果产生直接的影响.本文利用OSD和显示器测试软件对影像显示器性能参数进行调试,请3位资深的影像诊断医师,在同一环境照度下,对不同的显示器参数对标准体模影像进行识读,绘制ROC曲线,求得Az面积,依此取得影像显示器的最佳状态.     

Exploration of computerized image processing in underexposed and overexposed X-rays of bones and joints

Objective: To study the effective computerized image processing of underexposed and overexposed X-rays of bones and joints. Methods: Ninety-nine conventional X-ray images (82 were overexposed and 17 were underexposed), scanned by an UMAX Astra 4000U Scanner, were converted into digital images on the basis of their analog images. A computerized imaging processing program consisting of five functional modules such as Contrast Stretch, Fast Flourier Transform (FFT), Image Smoothing Modules, Inverse Fast Flourier Transform (IFFT) and Nonlinear Transform performed image contrast stretch and smoothing. Three senior doctors from hospital image sections made their evaluation of all the proeessed images. Restilts: Of 82 overexposed films, 71 met the clinical requirements after image processing, and 11 were unable to be applied to clinical diagnosis, accounting for 87% and 13% respectively. Of the other 17 underexposed X-ray images, 11 met the clinical requirements while 6 were not, making a percentage of 64 and 35. Conclusion: Image contrast stretch and smoothing processing are significantly effective on conventional X-ray images which were inappropriately exposed, and can avoid more X-ray radiation caused by handling of radiological photograph again. This method can decrease hospital cost and provide acute and effective X-ray examinations for the treatment and cure for critical patients.     

缺氧缺血性脑损伤对新生大鼠发育期间额叶皮质突触质量的影响

目的探讨缺氧缺血性脑损伤(hypoxia ishemia brain damage,HIBD)对新生大鼠发育期间额叶皮质突触质量的影响.方法取7日龄Wistar仔鼠80只,采用抽签法将每窝仔鼠随机分成实验组(E组)和假手术组(对照组C组).实验组鼠在乙醚麻醉下行颈前正中切口,分离右侧颈总动脉,1号手术线结扎,保温2 h后,放入含8%氧气的氮氧混合气体的容器内2 h,制成HIBD模型.假手术组只分离该血管,不结扎也不低氧处理.从生后7 d到2个月(成年)分8个时段对额叶皮质的发育,采用形态学和形态计量法的方法进行长期跟踪研究.结果实验组6 h～7 d各组可见神经元、胶质细胞及毛细血管间隙变大,神经元胞质内出现空泡,线粒体肿胀、嵴模糊,RER肿胀脱颗粒,核皱缩不规则甚至溶解,神经元突起比假手术组稀疏.脑损伤后仔鼠额叶皮质神经元及神经纤维的密度显著降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),突触的体视学参数,表面积密度和面数密度降低,突触后膜致密层变薄(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论缺氧缺血性脑损伤对新生大鼠发育期间额叶皮质中突触的质量,神经元及神经纤维密度的影响,是影响智力发育的重要因素.     

缺氧缺血性脑损伤对新生大鼠发育期间额叶皮质突触质量的影响

目的：探讨缺氧缺血性脑损伤(hvpoxia ishemia brain damage，HIBD)对新生大鼠发育期间额叶皮质突触质量的影响：方法：取7日龄Wistai仔鼠80只，采用抽签法将每窝仔鼠随机分成实验组(E组)和假手术组(对照组C组)。实验组鼠在乙醚麻醉下行颈前正中切口，分离右侧颈总动脉，1号手术线结扎，保温2h后，放人含8％氧气的氮氧混合气体的容器内2h，制成HIBD模型。假手术组只分离该血管，不结扎也不低氧处理。从生后7d到2个月(成年)分8个时段对额叶皮质的发育，采用形态学和形态计量法的方法进行长期跟踪研究，结果：实验组6h～7d各组可见神经元、胶质细胞及毛细血管间隙变大，神经元胞质内出现空泡，线粒体肿胀、嵴模糊，RER肿胀脱颗粒，核皱缩不规则甚至溶解，神经元突起比假手术组稀疏。脑损伤后仔鼠额叶皮质神经元及神经纤维的密度显著降低(P&;lt;0．05，P&;lt;0．01)，突触的体视学参数，表面积密度和面数密度降低，突触后膜致密层变薄(P&;lt;0．05．P&;lt;0．01)。结论：缺氧缺血性脑损伤对新生大鼠发育期间额叶皮质中突触的质量，神经元及神经纤维密度的影响，是影响智力发育的重要因素。