急性白血病的小剂量阿糖胞苷治疗

阿糖胞苷是治疗急性非淋巴细胞白血病的有效药物。自1982年M Housset 等应用小剂量阿糖胞苷(LDAra-C)治疗急性粒细胞白血病(AML)获得成功后,国内外已有许多学者从基础实验到临床治疗对这一疗法进行了大量研究,并重新认识了LDAra-C治疗AML 的机理,普遍认为LDAra-C 可使AML获得缓解。一、小剂量阿糖胞苷的作用机理     

干细胞移植改善股骨头坏死缺血状态的实验及临床效应：20只模型兔及188例患者资料分析

BACKGROUND: Ischemic femoral head necrosis is caused by local vascular injury and blood-supply insufficiency. There exists no optimal treatment for the ischemic femoral head necrosis. Thus, the improvement of the blood supply to the femoral head seems to be a key point for the treatment. OBJECTIVE: To verify the curative effects of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation induced vascular regeneration on the improvement of ischemic femoral head necrosis via animal experiments and clinical observations. DESIGN: Contrast animal experiment and self-controlled clinical observation. SETTING: Cell Therapy Center, the 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS AND PARTICIPANTS: ① Animals: Twenty Japanese white rabbits in either gender and weighing 3.0-4.0 kg were purchased from Animal Experimental Center, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. The animal experiments were coincident with the ethical standards. ② Participants: 188 patients with ischemic femoral head necrosis (335 hips) having whole following-up data were selected from Cell Therapy Center, the 463 Hospital of Chinese PLA from July 2004 to July 2007. There were 113 males and 75 females, and their ages ranged from 18 to 72 years. Diagnosis was done by using X-ray photographs, nuclide scanning, MRI and CT examinations. All patients provided the informed consent, and the study was approved by the local research ethics committee. METHODS: ① Animal experiments: The experiment was carried out at the Animal Experiment Center, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from January to June 2004. Ischemic femoral head necrosis models were established at both hindlimbs by using liquid-nitrogen refrigeration. The right side was regarded as transplantation group and the left one as control group. Mononuclear cells extracted from bone marrow were poured in the right femoral artery, while saline was poured in the left femoral artery. ②Clinical observations: Mononuclear cells were separated from autologous bone marrow of patients with ischemic femoral head necrosis after density gradient centrifugation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Four weeks later, angiogenesis at both femoral arteries was observed by arteriography by using digital subtraction anglography (DSA). Moreover, bilateral femoral head samples underwent pathological sections to observe bone regeneration and repair of femoral head 4 and 12 weeks later. ②Items including hip pain, walking distance and gait, abduction and internal rotation function changes of hip joint were observed in 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after stem cell transplantation in media femoral circum flex artery, lateral femoral circum flex artery and obturator artery. In 6 months after stem cell transplantation, angiogenesis and blood supply of femoral head were observed by using arteriography. In 6, 12 and 24 months after stem cell transplantation, morphological and ischemic changes of femoral head were observed by using CT, X-ray and MRI examinations. Harris scores were used to evaluate function of hip joint before and in 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: Animal experiment: Twenty rabbits were involved in the final analysis. ① DSA-arteriography results: In 4 weeks after transplantation, blood-supply arteries in femoral head of right hindlimb in the transplantation group were more than those in the control group. ② Pathological results: In 12 weeks after transplantation, cartilage, lamellar bone and bone trabecula in the left femoral head were repaired remarkably, but left femoral head necrosis was not improved. Clinical observations: 188 patients were involved in the final analysis. ① Improvement of symptoms: Among 188 patients, 164 (87.3%) had remission of hip pain, 147 (78.4%) had function improvement, and 150 (80.0%) had elongation of walking distance. ② Imaging changes: At 6 months after transplantation, DSA-arteriography in 12 patients demonstrated that blood-supply arteries in femoral head were increased and thickened remarkably as compared with those before transplantation, and the blood flow was rapid. At 12-24 months after transplantation, lesion of bone matrix in 24 patients was improved under the X-ray, CT and MRI examinations. ③ Harris scores of hip joint: The scores at 6, 12 and 24 months after transplantation were significantly higher than those before transplantation (t= -3.423, -6.714, -9.039, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively improve and treat ischemic femoral head necrosis.     

经动脉骨髓干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死63例

目的：观察经动脉骨髓干细胞移植治疗股骨头坏死的效果。 方法：选择2004—08／2005—12在解放军第四六三医院细胞治疗中心收治的股骨头坏死接受动脉内骨髓干细胞移植治疗患者63例113髋。年龄12-54岁（平均33岁），曾经应用皮质激素史29例，外伤史17例，大量饮酒史11例，原因不明6例。63例患者均行髋关节X射线摄片检查确诊，15例同时行髋关节MRI检查，38例行髋关节CT检查。根据Fieat分期法Ⅱ期52髋（46.0％），Ⅲ期58髋（51.3％），Ⅵ期3髋（2，7％）。①采集自体骨髓200-400mL，Ficoll密度梯度离心，分离单个核细胞（1～4）&;#215;10^11L^-1，CD34^＋细胞1．4％～3．5％（2．4％），CD133^＋细胞1．13％～3．25％（1．88％），制备成单个核细胞悬液10-20mL。②在数字减影血管造影术下行股动脉穿刺，将导管超选插入旋股内动脉、旋股外动脉及闭孔动脉，将细胞悬液缓慢灌注入动脉内。⑧干细胞移植后随访观察患者髋关节疼痛程度、疼痛性质及疼痛时间变化、行走距离及步态变化、髋关节外展与内旋功能变化；6个月后复查股骨头供血动脉造影，观察血管新生及股骨头供血动脉充盈情况；观察干细胞移植后不良反应。12个月后行髋关节X射线摄片、CT，MRI扫描观察股骨头形态学变化。结果：63例患者关节疼痛、行走距离及关节功能平均随访3．2个月，其中5例行数字减影血管造影术，15例行X射线检查（2例同时做CT检查）。①随访时观察髋关节疼痛有不同程度的缓解54例（54／63，85．7％），关节功能改善19例（19／63，30．2％），行走间距延长34例（34／63，54％），生活质量提高。②干细胞移植术后6个月5例患者行数字减影血管造影术股骨头供血动脉造影检查，显示旋股内动脉、旋股外动脉及闭孔动脉管径增粗，新生血管增多，血流速度增快，与移植前血管造影结果比较，股骨头区血液供应明显改善。③2例18个月X射线摄片、CT扫描股骨头坏死区缩小，可见新骨形成。④3例患者在治疗中未发生严重并发症和不良反应。结论：经动脉干细胞移植治疗缺血性股骨头坏死方法简便、安全有效，在治疗中未发生不良反应，是治疗缺血性股骨头坏死的一种新手段。     

自体骨髓单个核细胞经介入途径移植治疗股骨头坏死54例：12个月疗效随访

目的:观察经介入途径移植自体骨髓单个核细胞在股骨头坏死治疗中的应用,并评价其疗效。方法:选择2004-07/2005-11在解放军四六三院细胞治疗中心住院的,具有完整随访资料的股骨头坏死确诊患者共54例91髋。纳入确诊股骨头坏死,有关节疼痛、功能障碍等症状患者,性别、年龄不限;排除有严重心力衰竭、严重肾功能异常等不能耐受手术者。符合纳入标准54例,男45例,女9例,12～68岁。按ARCO分期Ⅱ期42髋,Ⅲ期47髋,Ⅳ期2髋。实验对象对治疗的相关内容知情同意并签知情同意。干预措施:抽取患者髂后上嵴骨髓进行单个核细胞悬液的制备。在DSA监视下将采集的单个核细胞混悬液经股动脉行Seldinger法穿刺,穿刺成功后,置入4F动脉鞘,经动脉鞘置入Cobra导管,将导管超选择至闭孔动脉及旋股内外侧动脉,平均注入单个核细胞悬液。术后定期随访症状变化情况,1年后复查X射线或CT,随访疼痛、关节活动度等情况。实验评估:①疼痛指数:无疼痛症状为3分,Harris髋关节评分疼痛分级A级;时有隐痛2分,Harris髋关节评分疼痛B级;轻度疼痛为1分,Harris髋关节评分疼痛C级;中度疼痛为0分,Harris髋关节评分疼痛D级。②功能指数:髋关节屈、伸、展、收、旋转度评分达Harris髋关节活动范围评分4～5分为3分;3～4分为2分;2～3分为1分;小于2分为0分。③X射线平片指数:股骨头形态无变化,应力骨小梁清晰,坏死区明显缩小为3分;坏死区略缩小为2分;治疗前后无明显变化为1分;坏死区扩大为0分。④血管指数:治疗后旋股内、外侧动脉及其分支增粗、增多,延长1cm以上者3分;1～0.5cm者2分;小于0.5cm者1分,无变化者0分。结果:54例患者均完成疼痛症状、关节功能及影像学随访1年。①术后12个月复查疼痛消失9髋,缓解61髋,无缓解21髋,缓解率为76.9%。②关节功能缓解33髋,无缓解58髋,缓解率为36.3%。③1年后X射线平片或CT、MRI示股骨头区可见不同程度的股骨头坏死区骨质密度改变,坏死区有吸收、缩小,股骨头形态变圆滑规整,改善28髋,无缓解或加重63髋,缓解率为30.1%。④12例24髋完成术后12个月复查股骨头供血动脉数字减影血管造影,好转18髋,好转率为72.2%。结论:经介入途径移植自体骨髓单个核细胞治疗股骨头坏死损伤小,可缓解临床相关症状。     

干细胞治疗下肢缺血性疾病疗效观察

目的 观察自体外周血干细胞移植治疗缺血性下肢血管病的疗效。方法 移植组：对45例自愿接受自体外周血干细胞的患者使用重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子450～600U／d，皮下注射，进行外周血干细胞动员，第6天用血细胞分离机采集干细胞，配制成一定浓度的细胞混悬液，对缺血肢体进行移植。对照组：对33例患者使用扩血管药物治疗，连续20d。术后定期行皮温测定、踝臂指数观察和经皮氧分压测定，进行评估。结果 移植组患者术后各项观察指标均有改善，其中皮温、经皮氧分压改善明显，与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 自体外周血干细胞移植治疗缺血性下肢血管病是一种安全、有效的手段，可使部分患者避免截肢或降低截肢平面，改善生活质量。     

应用PCR法检测血液肿瘤EB病毒DNA及其临床价值

自１９９６年４月我们用ＰＣＲ法随机检测３７例血液系统肿瘤患者的ＥＢ病毒（ＥＢＶ）ＤＮＡ,并结合临床观察进行分析,观察结果报道如下。１　对象与方法１．１　一般资料：本组３７例均为我院住院患者,男２１例,女１６例,年龄１４～８６岁,其中急性白血病１３例（急性非淋巴细胞白血病９例,急性淋巴细胞白血病４例）,骨髓增生异常综合征（ＭＤＳ）１０例（ＲＡ５例,ＲＡＳ１例,ＲＡＥＢ２例,ＲＡＥＢ－ｔ２例）,恶性淋巴瘤７例（霍奇金淋巴瘤１例,非霍奇金淋巴瘤６例）,慢性粒细胞白血病（ＣＭＬ）４例,多发性骨髓瘤（ＭＭ…     

自体外周血干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足26例临床研究

目的　观察自体外周血干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足的临床疗效及相关影响因素。方法　自 2 0 0 3- 112 0 0 4 - 0 7解放军第 4 6 3医院对 2 6例自愿接受自体外周血干细胞移植的糖尿病足患者进行外周血干细胞动员 ,给予rhG -CSF每天 4 5 0 6 0 0 μg ,皮下注射 ,第 6天用COBE 6 1血细胞分离机单采干细胞 ,总量 82 14 8mL。将干细胞悬液按 3cm×3cm距离进行缺血肢体移植术 ,移植后观察各项指标综合评估。结果　移植后 314d 2 3例患者疼痛明显缓解 ,2 7d2 4例患肢冷感有不同程度的改善 ,4 12周 4例溃疡明显好转 ,踝压指数 (ABI) 6例患者改善。 2例DSA下肢动脉造影结果显示新侧支血管形成明显增加。未出现并发症和不良反应。结论　自体外周血干细胞移植治疗糖尿病足是一种简便、安全、有效的治疗方法     

医护一体化护理在纤支镜肺泡灌洗重症肺炎患儿中的应用

目的 研究对纤支镜肺泡灌洗重症肺炎患儿应用医护一体化护理的效果。方法 于我院重症肺炎患儿中抽取 64 例,随机 分为对照组和观察组。对照组采取常规护理,观察组应用医护一体化护理。观察和对比两组的血气指标,炎症因子和症状持续 时间。结果 治疗后观察组 PaCO2显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。观察组 Scd163,HMGB1 和 Hs-CRP 显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。 观察组肺部啰音持续时间、发绀持续时间、呼吸困难持续时间显著短于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 对于接受纤支镜肺泡灌洗治疗 的重症肺炎患儿采取医护一体化护理可有效改善患儿血气指标和炎症反应,更有利于加快患儿康复速度,从而有效缩短病程, 促进患儿恢复健康。     

硫酸镁湿敷治疗血液透析穿刺处血液外渗的疗效观察与体会

目的:探讨用硫酸镁湿敷治疗血液透析穿刺处血液外渗疗效.方法:用无菌纱布侵入33%的硫酸镁中,纱布大于水肿范围,持续湿敷穿刺渗血处.结果:局部外诊血液吸收,肿胀消退.结论:利用33%硫酸镁湿敷血液透析穿刺处疗效及恢复时间明显优与冷热水湿敷.