自拟清肺消支汤用于支原体肺炎患儿治疗的效果观察

<正>肺炎支原体是介于细菌与病毒之间的微生物,是儿童期肺炎和其他呼吸道感染的重要病原之一。小儿感染肺炎支原体后会引发支原体肺炎,肺部呈融合性支气管肺炎、间质性肺炎,重者可合并胸腔积液、肺不张、肺实变和肺气肿等,临床以发热和顽固性剧烈咳嗽为主要表现~([1])。若不及时治疗或治疗方式不当,将会出现心衰等并发症,甚至死亡。本文应用自拟清肺消支汤治疗支原体肺炎患儿42例,现将结果总结报道如下。     

冰微粒致孔制备聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)多孔支架

目的以冰粒子为致孔剂,用粒子滤出—冷冻干燥复合工艺制备PHB多孔支架。方法本实验以氯仿为溶剂,将PHB溶液浇入预先排列好的冰微粒空隙中,采用真空渗流方法制备冰微料-PHB复合体,液氮冷却成型后,用粒子滤出—冷冻干燥复合工艺制备多孔支架。通过扫描电镜(SEM)观测,研究该制备工艺对支架形貌的影响。结果制备的块状三维多孔支架孔径可调、孔隙结构良好、孔隙连通度高。结论本文工艺所制备的多孔支架无致孔剂残留,孔隙率高,孔隙连通度高,制备过程不会损害材料的生物相容性,可安全地用于组织工程可降解聚合物多孔支架的制备。     

Pediatric intracranial aneurysms——clinical characteristics and therapeutic strategies

Objective To assess the radiological characteristics and therapeutic strategies of intracranial aneurysms in children. Methods From our dedicated neurovascular databank of patients, we reviewed 23 consecutive children who had 24 intracranial aneurysms. There were 14 boys and 9 girls with a mean age of 9.09 years ( range 1 - 14 years ). Results Intracranial aneurysms in children ≤ 14 years constituted 1.3% of all intracranial aneurysms. Internal Carotid artery (ICA) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) were the most frequent sites for aneurysms. About 58.3% of the aneurysms were complex, including dissecting, pseudoaneurysm, giant and fusiform aneurysm. 1/3 of all aneurysms were located in posterior circulation. Only 1 case had multiple aneurysms in this case series. Almost half of all cases presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and others presented with mass effect. 14 cases underwent endovascular treatment. 4 patients received microsurgical therapy. 5 cases did not receive microsurgical or endovascular therapy, 2 of them whose aneurysms spontaneously thrombosed during follow up. One boy with left vertebral artery giant aneurysm died after endovascular therapy owing to gradual thrombosis in basilar artery. Another child had poor outcome because of rerupture of aneurysm before operation. Whereas the majority had a favorable outcome. Conclusions Intracranial aneurysms in children had many clinical and radiological characteristics different from those in adults : ( 1 ) remarkable male predominance; ( 2 ) ICA and MCA were the most common sites for aneurysms; (3) high incidence of large, traumatic, infectious, dissecting and fusiform aneurysms. (4)For pediatric intracranial aneurysms, both microsurgical approaches and endovascular treatment were effective. Endovaacular therapy was the best choice for complex aneurysms.     

脸色腰段椎间盘突出症21例临床分析

胸腰段椎间盘突出症罕见,约占椎间盘突出的0.6％～4％。随着CT及MRI的应用,其发病率有增加的趋势。因其发病率低,报道较少。但由于病变位于脊髓圆椎段,其发病较下腰段椎间盘突出有很大的特殊性,故有必要结合我院近年收治的21例对其作一回顾性分析。1 临床资料     

缩短肝脏移植无肝期的护理探讨

肝移植手术是治疗终末期肝病的根本治疗手段，由于手术常伴有大量出血、渗血、渗液及输血治疗，而在无肝前期、无肝期、新肝期这三个不同阶段中，无肝期为病肝切除至新肝的大血管吻合开放，期间纤维蛋白原和凝血酶原等凝血因子不能合成，而类肝素样物质增加，出现明显的纤溶亢进，如伴有供肝情况不良，凝血因子合成减少而合成不能，就会产生凝血功能障碍，在无肝期中一旦发生则出血情况较为严重。