超声造影引导注射治疗腹部实质脏器创伤的疗效与效益分析

目的 探讨超声造影(CEUS)引导局部注射治疗腹部实质脏器创伤的疗效,分析其成本效益.方法 CEUS引导局部注射治疗腹部实质脏器创伤患者112例127个脏器,其中肝破裂42个,脾破裂52个,肾挫裂伤33个.与手术治疗组比较,评价CEUS引导局部注射治疗效果,并分析其成本效益.结果 CEUS引导局部注射治疗组单脏器一次治疗时间20～30 min;治疗后72 h内血压、心率较治疗前明显改善(P＜0.05),与手术组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);注射治疗后即刻超声检查显示腹腔内游离液体无增加,之后超声随访显示腹腔游离液体逐渐减少并消失.CEUS引导局部注射治疗组住院天数3～11(5.4±2.4)d,与手术治疗组住院天数3～9(5.1±1.9)d比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).在治疗费用方面,CEUS引导局部注射治疗组为0.32～0.43(0.36±0.14)万元,手术治疗组为3.1～4.2(3.6±10.8)万元,前者显著低于后者(P＜0.01).结论 CEUS引导局部注射治疗严重肝、脾、肾创伤的效果与手术治疗一致,但治疗费用显著低于后者;其优势尚在于免除开腹手术之苦,减少或避免输血,多数情况下可保留创伤脏器,患者恢复快,因此具有更人性化的特点.

Abstract：

Objective To analyse the cost-effectiveness analysis of the focal injection treatment under the guidance of contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) for the severe abdominal parenchymal organs trauma.Methods One hundred and twelve patients with severe abdominal parenchymal organs trauma,including 42 hepatic injuries,52 splenic injuries and 33 renal injuries,were rolled in this study. The cost-effectiveness of this group was compared with that of surgery group. Results Treatment duration of single organ trauma under the guidance of CEUS was 20 - 30 minutes. During the first 72 hours after the focal injection, blood pressure and heart rate were improved ( P ＜0.05). Free intraperitoneal liquid did not increase on immediate US image of post-therapy and then it disappeared gradually. Heart rate returned to normal level after injection treatment ( P ＜0. 001 ). Lengths of stay in hospital was 3 - 11 (5.4 ± 2.4)days, which was not different with 3 - 9(5.1± 1.9) of surgery group( P ＞0.05). Treatment cost was 0.32 - 0.43 (0.36 ±0. 14) ten thousand RMB, which was obviously less than 3. 1 - 4. 2 (3.6 ± 10.8) ten thousand RMB of surgery group ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Conclusions The efficacy of the focal injection treatment of the severe abdominal parenchymal organs trauma under the guidance of CEUS was consistent with that of the operative treatment, but its cost was less. Especially it benefited for reserving organs and less pain.     

甲状腺恶性肿瘤超声诊断的价值及误诊分析

目的 探讨超声诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤的价值及误诊分析.方法 回顾性分析经病理确诊为甲状腺恶性肿瘤的152例患者的术前声像图资料,观察甲状腺病灶的二维图像及彩色多普勒血流分布情况,再结合同位素扫描和甲状腺功能测定结果对比研究,分析误诊原因.结果 ①152例患者超声提示甲状腺恶性肿瘤111例,诊断符合率73%,误诊率27%,其中微小癌误诊率最高,达71%.②超声显像甲状腺恶性肿瘤主要以实性结构低回声和混合性回声为主,低回声病灶内多见沙砾样钙化,部分伴颈部淋巴结肿大.彩色血流信号丰富,峰值血流速度(32.12±13.33)cm/s,阻力指数0.71±0.08.③核素扫描结果显示62%的甲状腺恶性肿瘤患者为冷结节.④97%的甲状腺恶性肿瘤患者甲状腺功能检查结果正常.结论 超声可作为甲状腺恶性肿瘤的首选诊断方法,综合分析临床资料果可提高对其鉴别诊断的准确率.     

脑胶质瘤超声造影定量参数与微血管密度的相关研究

目的 探讨术中超声造影在评价不同病理级别脑胶质瘤血管生成变化中的应用价值.方法 对33例脑胶质瘤患者行超声造影检查,实时观察肿瘤血流灌注情况及增强特点,绘制时间-强度曲线获取定量指标.术后对切除的病灶行常规病理检查和免疫组织化学检测,记录肿瘤的微血管密度,定量分析不同级别脑胶质瘤血流灌注指标与术后病理微血管密度的相关性.结果 低级别和高级别脑胶质瘤的造影达峰时间和微血管密度值比较差异均有统计学意义(P=0.0001);不同分化程度的脑胶质瘤超声造影达峰时间与微血管密度之间呈负相关关系(r=-0.79,P=0.0001).结论 术中超声造影可以实时动态地观察微血管的灌注情况,超声造影可提示肿瘤内微血管密度,有助于术者准确判定脑胶质瘤病理分级,指导肿瘤的手术切除.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the value of intraoperative contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in evaluating pathological grades of cerebral gliomas. Methods Intraoperative CEUS was performed in 33 patients of cerebral gliomas of different pathological grades. Real-time blood perfusion and enhance characteristics of these tumors were observed,quantitative parameters from the automatically derived time-intensity curve (TIC) were obtained, and compared with the tumor microvessel density (MVD) by immunostaining with anti-CD34. Results The time to peak was significantly shorter and the MVD was significantly higher in the high grade cerebral gliomas compared with the low grade ones ( P <0. 05). The time to peak was negatively correlated with the MVD by immunostaining (r = -0.79, P < 0. 05). Conclusions Intraoperative CEUS could be used to observe microvascular perfusion in real-time, and could indirectly reflect the information of MVD in cerebral gliomas, which is of help to grade cerebral gliomas and guide surgical resections.     

甲状旁腺恶性肿瘤超声表现1例

患者 女，50岁，因高钙血症，甲状旁腺功能亢进入院治疗。专科检查，颈软，气管居中，双侧扁桃体无肿大，右侧颈部可触及一包块，活动度尚可，无压痛，颈部淋巴结未触及肿大，电解质检查：钾4.469mmol/L，钠137.2mmol/L,氯106mmol/L，钙3.74mmol/L，磷1.0mmol/L。     

孕期彩色多普勒超声对仔鼠肾小管上皮细胞bcl-2远期表达的影响

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声照射对中孕期仔鼠肾小管上皮细胞bcl-2蛋白表达的影响.方法 32 只孕14天SD大鼠按照辐照时间不同随机等分为四组,Ⅰ组(对照组)、Ⅱ组(照射10 min组)、Ⅲ组(照射20 rain组)、Ⅳ组(照射 30 min组),仪器采用Acuson公司Sequoia-512型彩色电脑声像仪,照射条件:4V1探头,二维频率3.0 MHz,彩色频率3.0 MHz,Tis=1.8,MI=1.6.照射后仔鼠生长至90 d肾脏标本,HE染色光镜观察组织结构;免疫组化ABC法检测肾脏bcl-2蛋白的表达,采用Leica QSOOMC型图像分析仪进行图像分析.结果 Ⅰ～Ⅳ组光镜下观察肾脏组织结构均未见异常;免疫组化法检测,各组仔鼠肾小管匕皮内可见均匀散在的棕黄色淡染的bcl-2蛋白阳性表达,图像分析统计结果显示:Ⅱ～Ⅳ组仔鼠肾小管上皮bcl-2蛋白阳性表达强度与Ⅰ组无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论 彩色多普勒超声照射,对仔鼠成年后肾小管上皮细胞bcl-2蛋白表达无影响.