冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退症冠状动脉搭桥术围术期治疗

目的:分析总结冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退症外科治疗围术期处理方法。方法:回顾性分析20例冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退患者外科治疗围术期临床资料。结果:全组患者手术效果良好,19例患者经治疗后痊愈出院,围术期死亡1例。术前甲减确诊者均服用左旋甲状腺素片,剂量为12.5～200μg/d,平均(85±11.9)μg/d,(1.15±0.14)μg/kg,术后3d内服用剂量为25～200μg/d,平均(113±11.3)μg/d,(1.56±0.13)μg/kg;术前漏诊6例,术后确诊后立即行激素替代治疗,左旋甲状腺素片最大剂量为250μg/d,最小剂量为75μg/d,平均179.17μg/d,(2.38±0.66)μg/kg;术后机械通气时间14～146 h,平均(38±21)h,ICU停留时间16～67 h,平均(35±14.5)h;术后使用2～5μg.kg-1.min-1多巴胺改善心功能,其中使用肾上腺素维持心功能者4例,剂量在0.02～0.08μg.kg-1.min-1,行IABP辅助治疗者1例,5 d后顺利撤除。结论:冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退症外科治疗增加患者术后机械通气时间、ICU停留时间,术后恢复较甲状腺功能正常者慢,积极有效的围术期处理,术后并发症的发生率、围术期病死率并无明显增高,可安全耐受手术。     

改良腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂(附16例临床分析)

Objective To introduce an operative technique for prolapse of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Methods From January 2002 through May 2005, chordal transfer and "edge-to-edge" technique was performed in 16 cases with serious mitral valve re- gurgitation due to prolapse of the anterior leaflet. The etiology was chordal rupture in 12 cases and chordtal elongation in 4. The mean regurgitation area yam (14.76±3.28) cn2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 33% - 69% before operation. Among those patients, 5 were in NYHA function class Ⅲ and 11 in class Ⅳ. Operations were performed under general anesthesia and car- diopulmonary bypass. First, "edge to edge" technique was performed. The free edge of the prolapsed anterior leaflet was sutyred to corresponding posterior leaflet. Then quadrangular resection was performed to transfer segment of posterior leaflet with its attached chordae. At last, the posterior leaflet was approximated after quadrangular resetion. Echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the times of follow-up. Results All patients survived the operation. One patient nequired mitral valve re- placement due to anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operatiom. The rest were free from reoperation. At the time d follow-up, all these patients were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ. Echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve. The cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3 -4.8 cm2[mean(3.78±0.52)cm2]. The mean regurgitation area was (0.45±0.22) cm2. Both dimension of left atrium and left vantricule reduced significantly. The diameter of left atrium was (48.26± 11.12) mm pre-operation vs. (37.57±9.56) mm post-operation (P=0.028). The ead-diastolic diameter of the left ventricule was (61.43±8.24)mm pre-operation vs (42.35±10.79) mm post-operation (P = 0.008). Conctusion Chordal transfer and "edge- to-edge" technique provides good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.     

腱索折叠与人工腱索矫治二尖瓣前瓣脱垂的比较分析

目的 评价腱索折叠和人工腱索两种成形术治疗二尖瓣前瓣脱垂(ALP)的效果.方法 回顾性分析1990年3月至2008年3月接受上述两种成形术治疗的50例ALP患者的临床资料.全组男性29例,女性21例;年龄(42.6±11.3)岁.其中腱索折叠组23例,人工腱索组27例.结果 围手术期腱索折叠组病死率13.0%(3/23),高于人工腱索组的3.7%(1/27)(P=0.199).随访时间为1个月～18年,总随访时间为278人年.两组晚期死亡各3例,5～8年生存率腱索折叠组为70.0%±18.2%,人工腱索组为86.8%±9.2%(χ2=8.17,P=0.046).再次手术腱索折叠组4例,人工腱索组1例,两次手术间隔时间为(26±17)个月;5年免除再次手术率分别为83.3%±15.2%和100%(χ2=12.06,P=0.007).多因素回归分析显示,腱索折叠术是ALP成形术晚期心脏事件的独立危险因素.结论 人工腱索成形术矫治ALP在远期生存上要优于腱索折叠术.     

Ross手术的临床应用

目的　总结主动脉瓣疾病患者行 Ross手术的临床应用经验。　方法　自 2 0 0 2年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 8月 ,对12例主动脉瓣疾病患者行 Ross手术 ,其中先天性心脏病、主动脉瓣病变 11例 ,老年退行性主动脉瓣狭窄 1例。术前所有患者均经超声心动图 (UCG)检查示主动脉瓣狭窄和 /或关闭不全 (中重度 ) ,均在全身麻醉中度低温体外循环下行 Ross手术。结果　全组患者无手术死亡 ,无并发症 ;术后主动脉瓣跨瓣压差在正常范围 ,左心室舒张期末内径(L VEDD)明显缩小 (P<0 .0 0 1) ,左心室射血分数 (L VEF) 0 .5 5± 0 .14 ,心功能 (NYHA) 级。所有患者均接受随访 ,随访 7天～ 8个月 ,心功能 ～ 级 ,主动脉瓣、肺动脉瓣功能良好。　结论　Ross手术是一种临床疗效较好的治疗主动脉瓣病变的手术方法。     

加与不加人工瓣环Danielson成形术矫治Ebstein畸形的比较

目的 比较应用Danielson成形术与Danielson加人工瓣环矫治Ebstein心脏畸形的效果,以确定后者在治疗Ebstein心脏畸形中的作用.方法 2006年1月1日至2009年12月31日,31例10岁以上的青少年及成年A或B型Ebstein心脏畸形患者中19例采用单纯Danielson成形术矫治(A组),12例采用Danielson成形术加人工瓣环矫治(B组),回顾分析两组临床资料及治疗效果.结果 围术期A组死亡1例(1/19例),B组无死亡,组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.510).所有术后生存患者随访5～41个月,平均(23.0±18.5)个月.A组术后1年1例因中重度三尖瓣关闭不全再次行三尖瓣成形术后死亡;B组术后无晚期死亡,组间远期病死率差异无统计学意义(P =0.724).超声复查显示患者房化心室均消失;三尖瓣反流结果,A组轻度11例,中到重度7例,B组轻度2例,无中到重度,组间差异显著(P=0.026).心功能NYHA A组Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ～Ⅲ级7例;B组均为Ⅰ级,P=0.024.随访期内B组的6 min步行距离(6MWD)显著优于A组[(415±41)m对(382±46)m,P=0.047].结论 Danielson成形术加用人工瓣环矫治有助于提高A或B型Ebstein心脏畸形患者的中、远期疗效.     

深低温保存与环氧氯丙烷干预脐动脉预作为同种血管材料的实验研究

目的:研究液氮深低温保存与环氧氯丙烷(EC)联合处理新生儿脐动脉后的相关性能变化,探讨脐动脉作为小口径同种异体血管替代材料的可行性。方法:采用液氮深低温保存脐动脉,并用EC进行抗钙化处理;检测处理后血管的形态结构、物理性能改变,去抗原性和抗钙化效果。结果:液氮深低温保存60d内+EC处理后的脐动脉具有低免疫原性和低钙化性,有良好的耐压性能与顺应性。结论:采用液氮深低温+EC处理脐动脉的去抗原、抗钙化效果良好,血管物理性能变化小,血管可较长时间保存。具有作为小口径同种异体血管替代材料的可行性。     

基于德尔菲法确定《心脏外科人血白蛋白合理使用快速建议指南》的临床问题及结局指标

摘要：目的:人血白蛋白广泛用于心脏外科围手术期患者的综合管理中,但国内外缺乏相关指南及共识,课题组严格遵循指南制定规范,制定《心脏外科人血白蛋白合理使用快速建议指南》,旨在促进人血白蛋白的合理使用。方法:项目专家组各位专家通过三轮德尔菲法完成本指南临床问题及结局指标的确定。结果:第一轮共有3个临床问题与14个结局指标达成共识,补充了6个临床问题与1个结局指标;第三轮有10个临床问题与1个结局指标进一步达成共识。最终共有13个临床问题在本指南中必须形成推荐意见或说明（纳入）,4个临床问题需根据证据质量与专家共识决定是否形成推荐意见（待定）,形成14个关键结局,1个重要结局。结论:本研究通过三轮德尔菲法调查确定了需要纳入《心脏外科人血白蛋白合理使用快速建议指南》的临床问题与结局指标,为指南的后续制定工作奠定了良好的基础。     

997例冠状动脉旁路移植术后症状复发患者的冠状动脉造影特征分析

目的 探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术（coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG）后症状复发患者的冠状动脉造影特征。方法 回顾性分析北京安贞医院2010—2020年997例CABG术后症状复发患者的临床资料,其中男762例、女235例,平均年龄（62.41±8.70）岁。结果 有高血压、糖尿病、吸烟史等危险因素患者的比例较高。动脉桥血管病变占27.44%,静脉桥血管病变占54.40%;240例（24.07%）患者桥血管全部通畅。病变桥血管以慢性完全闭塞病变为主（79.57%）。CABG术后大多数患者的原位血管病变程度较术前增加。674例（67.60%）患者与缺血区相关的原位血管病变以C型病变为主。CABG术后症状复发的患者多为桥血管和原位血管共同病变的结果（525例,52.66%）。结论 CABG术后症状复发患者的桥血管状况比我们预期的更糟。大多数患者CABG术后症状复发是由桥血管和原位血管共同病变引起。CABG术后原位血管病变继续发展。     

106例冠心病合并二尖瓣关闭不全的外科治疗

2005年7月至2009年1月,我们手术治疗不包括室壁瘤形成的冠心病合并二尖瓣关闭不全病人106例,取得较好效果,现总结报道如下.     

改良腱索转移法治疗二尖瓣前叶脱垂(附16例临床分析)

Objective To introduce an operative technique for prolapse of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve. Methods From January 2002 through May 2005, chordal transfer and "edge-to-edge" technique was performed in 16 cases with serious mitral valve re- gurgitation due to prolapse of the anterior leaflet. The etiology was chordal rupture in 12 cases and chordtal elongation in 4. The mean regurgitation area yam (14.76±3.28) cn2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 33% - 69% before operation. Among those patients, 5 were in NYHA function class Ⅲ and 11 in class Ⅳ. Operations were performed under general anesthesia and car- diopulmonary bypass. First, "edge to edge" technique was performed. The free edge of the prolapsed anterior leaflet was sutyred to corresponding posterior leaflet. Then quadrangular resection was performed to transfer segment of posterior leaflet with its attached chordae. At last, the posterior leaflet was approximated after quadrangular resetion. Echocardiography was performed in each patient before discharge and at the times of follow-up. Results All patients survived the operation. One patient nequired mitral valve re- placement due to anterior leaflet perforation 3 days after the operatiom. The rest were free from reoperation. At the time d follow-up, all these patients were in NYHA functional class Ⅰ. Echocardiography showed neither stenosis nor significant regurgitation of the mitral valve. The cross-sectional area of the mitral valve was 3.3 -4.8 cm2[mean(3.78±0.52)cm2]. The mean regurgitation area was (0.45±0.22) cm2. Both dimension of left atrium and left vantricule reduced significantly. The diameter of left atrium was (48.26± 11.12) mm pre-operation vs. (37.57±9.56) mm post-operation (P=0.028). The ead-diastolic diameter of the left ventricule was (61.43±8.24)mm pre-operation vs (42.35±10.79) mm post-operation (P = 0.008). Conctusion Chordal transfer and "edge- to-edge" technique provides good results for repair of anterior leaflet prolapse of mitral valve.