Percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy of lumbar spinal facets: The results of 46 cases

The results of percutaneous radiofrequency rhizotomy of lumbar spinal facets in 46 patients followed at least three months (mean 15 months) are reported and compared with those reported previously. Satisfactory pain relief three months after the procedure was achieved in 36.4 percent of patients without operations and in 41.7 percent of patients with operations other than fusion.No patient had previously undergone fusion.Treatment of low-back pain by using radio-frequency thermocoagulation of spinal facets is a simple, safe, and well-tolerated procedure. It can be used to relief of pain in spite of decreasing rates of success within the follow-up period.     

Eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome with fasciitis and interstitial myositis after L-tryptophan administration]

We describe a 53-year-old women with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome who suddenly developed severe persistent myalgias of her arms, legs, back, and shoulder after a 5-month period of daily L-tryptophan ingestion, associated with fever, progressive stenocardia and left-sided congestive heart failure. Laboratory tests showed a leukocytosis of 11.2/nl with 3.14/nl eosinophils and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. There was a marked, predominantly proximal sclerosis of her arms, legs and trunk with a brownish discoloration. The skin of her arms and legs appeared dimpled (peau d'orange). Findings of the electrophysiological examinations were consistent with sensory neuropathy and myositis. Remarkable fasciitis and interstitial myositis were present in a biopsy specimen (from skin to muscle) taken from her thigh. However, eosinophilic infiltrates were rare. Angiography revealed an apical obstructive cardiomyopathy. In this paper, we describe the clinical findings, the course over 2 years, as well as the therapeutic management. Furthermore, the most important differential diagnoses are discussed and the literature is reviewed with special attention given to more recent pathogenic insights into this newly recognized multisystem disease.     

Development of a short version of the Apathy Evaluation Scale specifically adapted for demented nursing home residents.

OBJECTIVE: Apathy is among the most frequent neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia, particularly Alzheimer disease. The Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES) has been widely employed for assessing apathy in different patient groups. To further facilitate the usage of the AES, an abbreviated version was constructed. METHOD: On basis of a sample of 356 nursing home residents, a cross-validation procedure was carried out to develop a brief version of the AES. According to a thorough clinical examination, 85% of the residents were demented, 8% presented with mild cognitive impairment, whereas 7% did not present any cognitive deficits. After subdividing the patient group into two matched samples, the first subsample was used to identify problematic items due to defined psychometric and content-related criteria. The original 18-item scale was thus reduced to 10 items. Psychometric properties of the shortened version were subsequently reassessed in the second subsample. RESULTS: The short version demonstrated favorable psychometric properties that could be confirmed by cross-validation with the second sample. Correlations with the original full-length version were high (r = 0.97 for both subsamples); the shortened scale yielded no substantial losses regarding internal consistency or construct validity (correlations with the respective subscales of the Neuropsychiatric Inventory). CONCLUSION: The frequency of apathetic symptoms in the nursing home residents included confirms the clinical importance of apathy for understanding dementia. Given this specific patient population, setting, and mode of data collection, the short-version AES seems to be a valuable and time-efficient instrument for assessing apathy.     

Pattern-reversal electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials in branch retinal vein occlusion

We recorded pattern electroretinograms and visual evoked potentials in a group of selected patients with unilateral uncomplicated branch retinal vein occlusion. To document the effects of preexisting risk factors, patients were divided into three groups: diabetes mellitus, hypertension with hyperlipidemia and no systemic disease. The transient and steady-state pattern electroretinogram and visual evoked potential amplitudes were significantly reduced and visual evoked potential peak times were delayed relative to the fellow eyes and agematched normal subjects. There was a second amplitude reduction relative to the other patient groups in both the affected and fellow eyes of the diabetes mellitus group, which was indicative of an additive effect of diabetes mellitus.Abbreviations BRVO branch retinal vein occlusion     

Effects of the new vagolytic compound ciclotropium bromide on heart rate and atrial vulnerability

The effects of the new vagolytic compound alpha-phenylcyclopentane-acetic acid-N-isopropyl-nortropine ester methobromide (ciclotropium bromide) on heart rate and atrial vulnerability were assessed in the animal experiment. Therefore, the comparative effects of atropine (A) and ciclotropium bromide (C) on heart rate (HR) and electrical stimulation thresholds for repetitive atrial extrasystoles (RET) and fibrillation (AFT) were established in 14 mongrel dogs (BW 20-30 kg, artificial ventilation, piritramide-N2O anaesthesia). AFT and RET were determined using trains of rectangular current pulses (13 single pulses, 2 ms, 200 Hz) applied to the right atrial endocardium via bipolar platinum electrodes during the vulnerable period of atrial excitation, which was determined by scanning of the relative refractory period in steps of 10 ms. A (0.025 mg/kg) caused a small transient increase in the AFT; HR rose from 82 +/- 7 to 138 +/- 10/min. Control values were regained after 30 min. RET did not show any significant change. C (0.25 mg/kg) effected a significant increase in the AFT from 7.7 +/- 2 to 34 +/- 6 mA and in HR from 93 +/- 5 to 148 +/- 6/min. The effects lasted about 2 h. RET was not altered.     

Halle physicians as historical witnesses and specialty chronologists. III. The life recollections of the Halle physician Heinrich Hoffmann (1809-1894) in the context of autobiographies by his contemporaries

Several Halle graduates of the thirties of the 19th century in their autobiographies in detail reported on their student days. One of them was the Francfort Heinrich Hoffmann who was awarded the doctor's degree in Halle in 1833 and later on by his very often read book for the young became well-known as "Struwwelpeter-Hoffmann". Hoffmann's representations form an interesting supplementation to the statements of other authors which concerned the city and the university of Halle.     

On the mechanism of anionic polymerization of maleic anhydride, 2

The triphenyl and tributyl phosphine initiated polymerization of maleic anhydride was investigated. The structure of the macro zwitterions, formed under the given reaction conditions, depended on the initiator employed. If the polymerization was initiated by triphenyl phosphine, the macromolecules contained succinic anhydride units and cyclopentanone derivatives, formed from further rearrangement. If, however, tributyl phosphine was employed as initiator, the polymers were mostly made up of conjugated ketoolefinic units. IR, NMR and mass spectrometric measurements were carried out to determine the structure of the polymers. Existence of the macro zwitterions was proved by high voltage electrophoresis. The semi-conductor properties of the polymers containing conjugated ketoolefinic units are discussed. Spectroscopic investigation of the kinetics of the triphenyl phosphine initiated polymerization of maleic anhydride showed that the initiation reaction of the ylide, formed with the monomer, proceeded about 90 times slower than the propagation reaction due to addition of the monomer to the growing chain-end.