泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症临床效果及对TLR4、炎症细胞因子水平的影响

目的探讨泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症患者的临床效果。方法选取2013年10月-2018年1月收治的107例尿毒症患者,采用随机数字表法分为试验组54例和对照组53例,两组患者均常规采用血液透析治疗,对照组透析治疗的过程中给予基础治疗,观察组给予基础治疗+泻浊化瘀汤,对比两组患者干预前后血液透析后的血肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血钙、血磷、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-2(IL-2)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、Toll样受体4(TLR4)的水平。结果干预前,观察组和对照组的Scr、BUN、血钙、血磷、PTH、TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的血磷、PTH、TNF-α水平均低于对照组(P<0.05),两组的Scr、BUN、血钙差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预前,观察组和对照组的血清IL-2、IL-6、TLR4和CRP水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);干预后,观察组的血清IL-2、IL-6、TLR4和CRP均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论泻浊化瘀汤联合血液透析治疗尿毒症患者有利于降低血磷、降低患者的炎症反应程度及TLR4的水平,对于改善血透患者的治疗质量具有一定的作用。     

消化性溃疡的皮质醇分泌异常

采用放射免疫测定法研究了70例非应激性消化性溃疡患者的皮质醇分泌状态;并比较了患者与84例正常人的血清皮质醇浓度及其昼夜分泌节律。发现非应激性消化性溃疡血清皮质醇浓度明显高于健康对照组(P<0.01);然昼夜分泌节律相仿。结果提示,非应激性消化性溃疡有皮质醇分泌的明显异常。     

淋巴瘤累及胃结肠韧带的CT表现

目的 探讨非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤（non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma,NHL）累及胃结肠韧带（gastrocolic ligament,GCL）的CT表现及其解剖学基础。方法 回顾性分析26例经病理确诊的累及GCL的NHL病例,着重观察GCL的CT表现。结果 GCL受累主要表现为GCL内淋巴结增大,增大淋巴结呈散在分布,未见淋巴结融合。增大淋巴结表现为均匀强化者25例,均匀强化合并环状强化者1例。有2例显示GCL增厚、局部呈饼状改变,伴有腹腔积液。结论 熟悉GCL影像解剖学特点有助于累及GCL的NHL的CT诊断。     

The predictive value of crescents in adult Henoch-Sch?lein purpura nephritis

Objective To study the renal prognosis with the type and proportion of crescentic in adult Henoch Schonlein purpura nephritis (HSPN). Methods A total of 275 HSPN cases diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological results, they were divided into four groups: 99 patients in none crescent group (NC), 35 patients in segmental crescents group (SC), 122 patients with circumferential crescent ＜25% (C1), and 19 patients with circumferential crescent≥25% (C2). Renal prognostic events were defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decreased by 30% over baseline within 2 years, doubling of serum creatinine or end-stage renal disease during follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to compare the renal survival rate of each group. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression model was used to recognize the risk factor of poor renal outcome. Results There was no significant difference in age, extra renal organ performance and mean arterial pressure among groups. Among NC group, SC group, C1 group and C2 group, difference in serum creatinine (P=0.001), eGFR (P=0.003) and proteinuria levels (P＜0.001) were statistically significant. There was no significant difference in the ratio of global sclerosis, mesangial hypercellularity and interstitial inflammation/fibrosis among the groups. The patients were followed up for 86(58, 116) months. The renal survival rates of NC group, SC group, C1 group and C2 group were 96%, 100%, 83.6% and 68.4% respectively. Kaplan-meier survival analysis showed significant differences (Log Rank=23.24, P＜0.001). Cox multivariate regression analysis indicated that presence of circumferential crescent (HR=3.59, 95%CI 1.34-9.62, P=0.008) and low eGFR (HR=0.979, 95%CI 0.968-0.989, P＜0.001) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusion The presence of circumferential crescent and low eGFR level are independent risk factors for poor renal prognosis in HSPN patients.     

Exploration of simulation-based medical education for undergraduate students

Over the past decades, extensive studies have underscored the growing importance of simulation-based medical education (SBME) for medical students. However, the underlying influence of SBME on undergraduate students is yet to be investigated. This work is a single-center cohort study involving 1178 undergraduate students who were divided into a control group and an SBME group. All participants gave their written informed consent. We compared the theoretical and practical achievements of these 2 groups and distributed a feedback questionnaire. Results show that SBME significantly improves the practical or theoretical achievements of students (P < .001). The humanistic care (improvement rate: 69.2%) and doctor–patient communication (improvement rate: 56.3%) performances of these studies were vastly improved. The students in the SBME group tend to allocate more time to communicating with others. SBME is an effective teaching method that can improve the reflective capacity and communication skills of undergraduate medical students, thereby resulting in their relatively improved performance.     

张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中茵陈品种初探

笔者通过研究张锡纯的生活地域,行医地域,探究张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中茵陈这味药的来源。虽然仍然无法最终确定张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中所用茵陈的品种究竟为何,但至少可以确定:1张锡纯所用茵陈的分布范围应包括华北东北一带,所以主要在南方才被称作茵陈的品种,可判定其并非镇肝熄风汤中所用。2由于生长周期的差异,可以判定这里的茵陈并不是现代植物学意义上的青蒿,也即并非菊科植物黄蒿,张锡纯在《医学衷中参西录》里记载"青蒿之幼苗"等语当有其他原因,因此并不能用现代意义上的青蒿的嫩苗来代替茵陈。3从性状上对比,不论是在分布地域上与张氏生前活动地域有所重叠的玄参科植物阴行草,还是药典所载的菊科植物滨蒿和茵陈蒿,与张锡纯所载茵陈都有所出入。因此亦不能简单认为张锡纯镇肝熄风汤中所载茵陈便是现代植物学意义上的茵陈。     

苦黄注射液联合复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗酒精性脂肪肝的疗效及对肝纤维化的影响研究

目的 探究复方蛋氨酸胆碱结合苦黄注射液在酒精性脂肪肝治疗中的疗效及对肝纤维化的影响。方法 按照随机数字表法将2019年1月至2021年12月海安市人民医院收治并确诊的104例酒精性脂肪肝患者分为对照组和观察组,各52例。对照组给予复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗,观察组苦黄注射液联合复方蛋氨酸胆碱治疗。两组患者均连续治疗1个月。采用全自动生化分析仪检测两组患者治疗前后血清丙氨酸转移酶（alanine transferase,ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（aspartate aminotransferase,AST）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol ,TC）、三酰甘油（triacylglycerol,TG）、总胆红素（total bilirubin,TBil）水平;采用放射免疫法检测两组患者治疗前后血清层粘连蛋白（laminin,LN）、透明质酸（hyaluronic acid,HA）、Ⅲ型前胶原N端肽（type III procollagen N-terminal peptide,PC Ⅲ）及Ⅳ型胶原（type IV collagen,Ⅳ-C）水平。比较两组患者的临床症状改善情况、临床疗效、肝功能指标及肝纤维化指标。结果 观察组治疗后的腹胀、肝区不适、黄疸、痞满等症状消失时间分别为（3.9±0.1） d、（9.8±0.2） d、（11.5±0.7）d、（3.8±0.2） d,均短于对照组分别为（7.5±0.3） d、（14.3±0.4） d、（15.6±0.8） d、（7.4±0.3） d（均P<0.05）。观察组临床总有效率高于对照组（94.2% vs 78.9%）（χ2=5.283,P=0.022）。观察组ALT、AST、TC、TG、TBil水平分别为（31.5±5.3） IU/L、（36.4±3.4） IU/L、（4.1±0.2） mmol/L、（1.4±0.3） mmol/L、（12.6±3.1） μmol/L,低于对照组[分别为（57.4±5.6） IU/L、（54.7±3.5） IU/L、（6.4±0.4） mmol/L、（2.6±0.5） mmol/L、（21.2±5.3） μmol/L]（均P<0.05）。观察组治疗后LN、HA、PC Ⅲ、Ⅳ-C水平分别为（51.6±9.4） μg/L、（32.5±7.4） μg/L、（7.5±1.8） ng/mL、（32.3±4.2） μg/L,均低于对照组[分别为（80.5±10.3） μg/L、（58.7±12.2） μg/L、（16.5±3.6） ng/mL、（71.2±8.6） μg/L]（均P<0.05）。对照组和观察组不良反应发生率分别为7.68%、3.84%,两组比较无明显差异（χ2=0.707,P=0.400）。结论 复方蛋氨酸胆碱结合苦黄注射液在酒精性脂肪肝患者中的治疗疗效显著,可改善患者的临床症状和肝功能,延缓肝纤维化的进程,安全性高。     

血管紧张素转换酶和血管紧张素Ⅱ-1型受体基因多态性与冠心病的相关性分析

目的研究血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）基因I／D多态性和血管紧张素Ⅱ-Ⅰ型受体（AT1R）基因A1166／C多态性与冠心病（CHD）的关系。方法采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）技术检测130例CHD组和90例对照组ACE和AT1R基因多态性。结果ACE—DD基因型频率在CHD组显著高于对照组（38．5％，14．4％，P〈0．001）。AT1R—AC基因型在两组间差异无显著性（13．1％，10％，P〉0．05），但合并AC基因型的DD型患者发生CHD和MI的OR值（5．836和3．985）明显高于合并AA型（3．102和2．979）。结论ACE基因I／D多态性中DD基因型是冠心病发病的独立危险因素之一，AT1R—C等位基因增加ACE—DD型发生CHD和MI的危险，二者具有协同作用。     

Advances in nanotechnology-based delivery systems for EGFR tyrosine kinases inhibitors in cancer therapy

Oral tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) against epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) family have been introduced into the clinic to treat human malignancies for decades. Despite superior properties of EGFR-TKIs as small molecule targeted drugs, their applications are still restricted due to their low solubility, capricious oral bioavailability, large requirement of daily dose, high binding tendency to plasma albumin and initial/acquired drug resistance. Nanotechnology is a promising tool to improve efficacy of these drugs. Through non-oral routes. Various nanotechnology-based delivery approaches have been developed for providing efficient delivery of EGFR-TKIs with a better pharmacokinetic profile and tissue-targeting ability. This review aims to indicate the advantage of nanocarriers for EGFR-TKIs delivery.