全文获取类型
收费全文 | 8459篇 |
免费 | 470篇 |
国内免费 | 39篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 127篇 |
儿科学 | 164篇 |
妇产科学 | 112篇 |
基础医学 | 1378篇 |
口腔科学 | 135篇 |
临床医学 | 681篇 |
内科学 | 1994篇 |
皮肤病学 | 408篇 |
神经病学 | 947篇 |
特种医学 | 494篇 |
外国民族医学 | 4篇 |
外科学 | 1064篇 |
综合类 | 48篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 367篇 |
眼科学 | 103篇 |
药学 | 369篇 |
中国医学 | 10篇 |
肿瘤学 | 561篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 65篇 |
2021年 | 109篇 |
2020年 | 84篇 |
2019年 | 98篇 |
2018年 | 117篇 |
2017年 | 109篇 |
2016年 | 137篇 |
2015年 | 183篇 |
2014年 | 214篇 |
2013年 | 297篇 |
2012年 | 397篇 |
2011年 | 421篇 |
2010年 | 263篇 |
2009年 | 279篇 |
2008年 | 454篇 |
2007年 | 478篇 |
2006年 | 444篇 |
2005年 | 451篇 |
2004年 | 428篇 |
2003年 | 409篇 |
2002年 | 343篇 |
2001年 | 207篇 |
2000年 | 214篇 |
1999年 | 189篇 |
1998年 | 112篇 |
1997年 | 100篇 |
1996年 | 66篇 |
1995年 | 76篇 |
1994年 | 51篇 |
1993年 | 62篇 |
1992年 | 125篇 |
1991年 | 120篇 |
1990年 | 134篇 |
1989年 | 114篇 |
1988年 | 99篇 |
1987年 | 128篇 |
1986年 | 121篇 |
1985年 | 87篇 |
1984年 | 70篇 |
1983年 | 71篇 |
1982年 | 52篇 |
1979年 | 65篇 |
1978年 | 56篇 |
1974年 | 49篇 |
1973年 | 45篇 |
1972年 | 47篇 |
1971年 | 45篇 |
1970年 | 53篇 |
1969年 | 43篇 |
1968年 | 42篇 |
排序方式: 共有8968条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The vagal nerve as a link between the nervous and immune system in the instance of polymicrobial sepsis 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Wolfram Kessler Tobias Traeger Alexandra Westerholt Friederike Neher Marlene Mikulcak Antje Müller Stefan Maier Claus-Dieter Heidecke 《Langenbeck's archives of surgery / Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Chirurgie》2006,391(2):83-87
Background The role of the vagal nerve in the autonomic nervous system is widely well known. Recently, an additional function was revealed
serving as a connector between the nervous and immune system. This connection is called the “cholinergic inflammatory pathway.”
Through stimulation of the acetylcholine receptors located upon the macrophages, the “unspecific” immune system can be directly
influenced.
Methods The vagal nerve was completely transected directly posterior to its passage through the diaphragm. The effect of complete
vagotomy was analyzed using a murine model of polymicrobial peritonitis (colon ascendens stent peritonitis, CASP). Survival
and clinical course of vagotomized or sham-operated mice were analyzed in the CASP model.
Results After CASP surgery, vagotomy led to a significantly increased mortality (64.7%) in comparison to sham-vagotomized animals
(34%). No difference in the bacterial load of various tissues (lung, liver, spleen, blood, lavage fluid, and kidney) from
septic animals with or without vagotomy was observed. Vagotomized animals reveal elevated serum cytokine levels (TNF, IL-6,
IL-10, and MCP-1) 20 h after the induction of polymicrobial peritonitis.
Conclusion The vagal nerve is therefore an important modulator of the immune system.
W. Kessler and T. Traeger contributed equally to this work
Best of Forum Papers presented at the Annual Meeting of the German Society of Surgery, 2–5 May 2006, Berlin, Germany 相似文献
6.
Ponner Stach Zoller Hagenhofer Voll Kalden & Herrmann 《Scandinavian journal of immunology》1998,47(4):343-347
Apoptotic cells, e.g. postinflammatory neutrophils, were reported to be engulfed by phagocytes without induction of an inflammatory response. We investigated the humoral immune response of BALB/c mice after repeated injection of viable or apoptotic human T cells. Following interleukin-2 (IL-2) deprivation, phytohaemagglutinin (PHA)/IL-2 expanded human T-cell lines were irradiated with UV-B light to induce apoptosis, confirmed by propidium iodide staining of Triton X-100-lysed cells. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to detect antilymphocyte antibodies 7 days after each injection. We found high levels of antilymphocyte antibodies in all animals immunized with viable T cells, whereas animals injected with apoptotic cells showed a significantly reduced humoral immune response. We conclude that apoptotic cells induce poor xenoreactive T-cell responses when compared with viable cells. 相似文献
7.
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Dörr Sabine Köst Klaus Keinert Felix-Herbert Glaser Gerd Endert Thomas Herrmann 《Strahlentherapie und Onkologie》2006,182(1):1-8
PURPOSE: To compare tests for intestinal function with clinical scores after abdominal irradiation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: At the Department of Radiotherapy, Erfurt, Germany, intestinal changes were studied in 91 patients receiving abdominal radiotherapy between 1992 and 1996. Conventional fractionation (1.8-2 Gy per fraction, total doses 30.6-62.5 Gy) was applied. Before and at weekly intervals during radiotherapy, the clinical response was scored according to RTOG/EORTC for the upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Resorption tests for vitamin B(12) and D-xylose were performed before the onset and immediately after treatment. RESULTS: The clinical response displayed a well-defined dose-effect relationship with grade 1 effects in 5% and 50% of the patients at about 10 Gy and 50 Gy, respectively. For grade 2 reactions, 5%- and 50%-effective doses were 20-30 Gy and 60-80 Gy. Effects in the upper and lower GI tract were highly correlated. Changes in body weight did not show a correlation with other clinical symptoms. Changes in resorption also displayed a significant dose effect. However, no correlation was found with the clinical symptoms in the individual patient. CONCLUSION: In the present study, the clinical manifestation of intestinal side effects according to RTOG/EORTC criteria was reflected by neither the vitamin B(12) nor by the D-xylose resorption test. Hence, these tests cannot be regarded as useful for objective quantitation of intestinal radiation injury. 相似文献
8.
The course of schizophrenia: Some remarks on a yet unsolved problem of retrospective data collection
Wolfram an der Heiden Bertram Krumm 《European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience》1991,240(4-5):303-306
Summary The retrospective assessment of symptoms and syndromes is a basic measure in research of the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. In spite of its importance there have been few studies evaluating the standard of quality of instruments for retrospective data collection. Combining retrospectively and cross-sectionally collected data on schizophrenic symptomatology in a cohort study over a period of 5 years revealed a significant underestimation of symptoms when assessed in retrospect. The need for studies on the validity of instruments for the retrospective assessment of symptoms is stressed. 相似文献
9.
10.
Werner Herrmann 《Medical microbiology and immunology》1939,121(4):540-556
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献