Traumatic dental injuries and associated factors among Brazilian preschool children

Abstract –  The main objective of this study was to assess the epidemiology of traumatic dental injuries (TDI) to the primary teeth of preschool children and second, to investigate whether TDI were related to anterior open bite and, third, whether TDI are related to socio-economic circumstances in an urban Brazilian population. A clinical examination was performed during the National Day of Children's Vaccination. TDI were classified according to the modified classification proposed by Ellis. In addition to those criteria the presence of tooth discoloration was recorded. An interview was carried out with mothers or guardians. The data collected included mother's level of education and living conditions. The prevalence of TDI was 9.4%. The maxillary central incisors were the most affected teeth. Most children with a TDI experienced traumatic injuries to one tooth (6.3%), while 2.8% had two and 0.4% had three traumatized teeth. The most common crown fracture was in enamel only (68.8%), followed by crown fracture of enamel and dentin (13.8%). Missing teeth following trauma occurred in 10.9% of those with TDI. The prevalence of tooth discoloration was 5.1%. Children with anterior open bite had twice the level the level of TDI compared to those with normal occlusions ( P  = 0.001). Socio-economic factors were not statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of TDI. The prevalence of dental injuries in Brazilian preschool children was low. Children with anterior open bite experienced more dental injuries. Neither of the indicators of socio-economic status was related to the prevalence of TDI.     

Central chemoreceptors and sympathetic vasomotor outflow

The present study explores how elevations in brain   P _CO2  increase the sympathetic nerve discharge (SND). SND, phrenic nerve discharge (PND) and putative sympathoexcitatory vasomotor neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) were recorded in anaesthetized sino-aortic denervated and vagotomized rats. Hypercapnia (end-expiratory CO₂ from 5% to 10%) increased SND (97 ± 6%) and the activity of RVLM neurons (67 ± 4%). Injection of kynurenic acid (Kyn, ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist) into RVLM or the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) eliminated or reduced PND, respectively, but did not change the effect of CO₂ on SND. Bilateral injection of Kyn or muscimol into the rostral ventral respiratory group (rVRG-pre-Bötzinger region, also called CVLM) eliminated PND while increasing the stimulatory effect of CO₂ on SND. Muscimol injection into commissural part of the solitary tract nucleus (commNTS) had no effect on PND or SND activation by CO₂. As expected, injection of Kyn into RVLM or muscimol into commNTS virtually blocked the effect of carotid body stimulation on SND in rats with intact carotid sinus nerves. In conclusion, CO₂ increases SND by activating RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons. The relevant central chemoreceptors are probably located within or close to RVLM and not in the NTS or in the rVRG-pre-Bötzinger/CVLM region. RVLM sympathoexcitatory neurons may be intrinsically pH-sensitive and/or receive excitatory synaptic inputs from RTN chemoreceptors. Activation of the central respiratory network reduces the overall sympathetic response to CO₂, presumably by activating barosensitive CVLM neurons and inhibiting RTN chemoreceptors.     

Orofacial evaluation of individuals with temporomandibular disorder after LED therapy associated or not of occlusal splint: a randomized double-blind controlled clinical study

Lasers in Medical Science - This study compared the effects of LED therapy associated with occlusal splint (OS) on the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). In this randomized,...     

Re-evaluating Blood Markers as Predictors of Outcome in Multivisceral and Intestinal Transplantation

BackgroundMultivisceral transplant (MVTx) and isolated intestinal transplant (ITx) are complex surgical procedures. The subsequent proinflammatory state in the immediate postoperative period makes interpretation of blood markers difficult.MethodWe aimed to establish the course of various blood markers after MVTx/ITx, and to evaluate their use as diagnostic markers of complications. This was a single center prospective cohort. We analyzed blood markers collected preoperatively, on alternate days for the first postoperative week, and then weekly for 4 weeks. This study was in compliance with The Declaration of Helsinki.ResultsOver a 16-month period (July 2017-October 2018), 20 subjects aged 2 to 67 years with a median age of 24.5 years received MVTx/ITx. Twelve recipients (60%) had an infection. Neutrophil lymphocyte count ratio (NLCR) was higher than established upper limits of normal, regardless of infection status. NLCR and white blood cell count were useful to identify infected MVTx/ITx recipients, with P values <.05 for 2 and 1 of 7 time points post transplant, respectively. Higher preoperative eosinophil% predicted future acute cellular rejection (P value .023).ConclusionsThis is the first study to extensively track the course of blood markers post MVTx/ITx and identified NLCR and white blood cell count as potential diagnostic blood markers of infection.     

Donor Choriocarcinoma Transmission From Solid Organ Transplantation: A Case Report

Transplantation of any organ has some inherent risk of disease transmission, such as infection and malignancy. The present study aims to describe 2 cases of choriocarcinoma transmission after kidney and liver transplantation originating from the same patient. The donor was a 17-year-old woman who died of cerebral hemorrhage. Both organ recipients died of metastatic choriocarcinoma few months after the transplantation, within days after starting chemotherapy. Retrospective hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin hormone) analysis in donor's blood stored at the time of donation had a result of 9324 mIU/mL. Despite its rarity, clinicians should be aware of the risk of transplant-related choriocarcinoma from female donors in childbearing age. In some cases, hCG dosage should be performed before donation.     

COVID-19 pandemic reduces the negative perception of oral health-related quality of life in adolescents

Quality of Life Research - As people around the world are facing the Covid-19 outbreak, their perception of oral health problems could be changed. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects...