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排序方式: 共有318条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Budesonide versus prednisolone retention enemas in active distal ulcerative colitis 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
R. LÖFBERG O. ØSTERGAARD THOMSEN E. LANGHOLZ R. SCHIÖLER Å. DANIELSSON O. SUHR H. GRAFFNER L. PÅHLMAN P. MATZEN J. F. MØLLER-PETERSEN L. HALVORSEN N. HOVDENAK R. WILLEN T. PERSSON C. SEIDEGÅRD 《Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics》1994,8(6):623-629
Methods: Efficacy and safety of the topically acting glucocorticosteroid budesonide retention enema (2.3 mg/ 11 5 mL) were compared with prednisolone disodium phosphate enema (31.25 mg/125 mL) in patients with active distal ulcerative colitis. The study was a randomized, multicentre trial, with two parallel groups and single-blind to the investigator. One hundred patients with active ulcerative colitis, not reaching beyond the splenic flexure as determined by endoscopy, were treated for up to 8 weeks. Results: Forty-five patients were randomized to receive budesonide and 5 5 to prednisolone. Both treatment groups improved significantly in terms of endoscopic and histological scoring during the study, but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. Clinical remission, defined as no more than three daily bowel movements without blood and endoscopically non-inflamed mucosa, was achieved in 16% of the patients in the budesonide group after four weeks and in 24% in the prednisolone group (N.S.). After 8 weeks treatment the clinical remission rate in the groups had increased to 36 % for budesonide and 47% for prednisolone (N.S.). Mean morning plasma cortisol levels were unchanged in the budesonide group, whereas they were significantly suppressed in the prednisolone group after 2, 4 and 8 weeks (P < 0.0001). Side effects were mild and rare in both groups. Conclusions: Treatment with budesonide enema in active distal ulcerative colitis was comparable, regarding efficacy, to treatment with conventional prednisolone enema. A prolongation of the treatment time from 4 to 8 weeks doubled the clinical remission rate in both groups. However, budesonide may be preferable to prednisolone since it causes less systemic effects as reflected by a lack of plasma cortisol suppression. 相似文献
2.
H. H. LUTTROPP R. THOMASSON S. DAHM J. PERSSON O. WERNER 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》1994,38(2):121-125
Xenon is a more potent anesthetic than nitrous oxide, and gives more profound analgesia. This investigation was performed to assess the potential of xenon for becoming an anesthetic inspite of its high manufacturing cost. Seven ASA I—-II patients undergoing cholecystectomy (n = 4), hernia repair (n = 2), or mammoplasty (n=l) were studied. Denitrogenation by 15–20 min of oxygen breathing under propofol anesthesia was followed by fentanyl–supplemented xenon anesthesia administered via an automatic minimal flow system which held the oxygen concentration at 30%. Xenon anesthesia lasted 76–228 min and 8–14 1 of xenon (ATPD) was used, of which 5.6–8.1 1 was expended during the first 15 min. Anesthesia appeared to be satisfactory, and the patients woke up rapidly after xenon was discontinued. The automatic system made minimal flow xenon anesthesia easy to administer, but nitrogen accumulation is still a problem. Assuming a xenon price of 10 US $ per litre, the average cost for xenon was about 65 US $ for the first 15 min and then about 25 USS for each subsequent hour of anesthesia. 相似文献
3.
Wilke , W. Lee & Person , A. E. G. 1992. Captopril and time dependent changes in post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratios in remnant kidneys of pre-hypertensive rats. Acta Physiol Scand 144 , 253–261. Received 26 June 1991, accepted 8 October 1991. ISSN 0001–6772. Department of Physiology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Lund, Sweden. Micropuncture experiments were performed on intact and remnant kidneys of male Sprague-Dawley rats before and after angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition with captopril (0.5 mg kg-1 iv). Partially nephrectomized rats were studied at 2 and 8 weeks post-surgery before the development of systemic hypertension. At 2 weeks, nephrectomized rats had a numerically higher tubular stop-flow pressure than controls (43 ± 2 mmHg vs. 38 ± 2 mmHg; P = 0.08) and a higher post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio (Re/Ra) (0.40 ± 0.03 vs. 0.31± 0.03; P = 0.08). At 8 weeks, stop-flow pressure and post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratios were similar in remnant and intact kidneys. Captopril had no effect on stop-flow pressure in 2 week post-surgery nephrectomized rats or either control group, but it increased stop-flow pressure in 8 week post-surgery nephrectomized rats (40 ± 2 to 44 ± 2 mmHg, P= 0.04). This increase in stop-flow pressure was associated with an increase in the post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio (0.33 ± 0.02–0.42 ±0.02, P = 0.009). Stop-flow pressure was positively correlated with the post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio in 2-week post-surgery nephrectomized rats and their respective controls when combined (r = 0.89, P= 0.0001) and 8-week post-surgery nephrectomized rats and their respective controls combined (r= 0.78, P = 0.0001). Stop-flow pressure was not significantly correlated with mean arterial pressures or welling-point pressures in these groups. We conclude that stop-flow pressure in remnant kidneys of pre-hypertensive rats is primarily determined by the post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio, and increases in stop-flow pressure and post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratios in remnant kidneys are transient in the absence of systemic hypertension. The role of the renin-angiotensin system in determining the ratio and stop-flow pressure is dependent on time post-nephrectomy. Captopril-induced increases in stop-flow pressure and post- to pre-glomerular resistance ratio at 8 weeks, suggests that its primary effect at that time is not a preferential post-gIomerular vasodilation subsequent to reductions in intrarenal angiotensin II. 相似文献
4.
P. MORSING A. STENBERG D. CASELLAS A. MIMRAN C. MÜLLER-SUUR C. THORUP L. HOLM A. E. G. PERSSON 《Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)》1992,146(3):393-398
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), injected at physiological concentrations, is known to induce both natriuresis and diuresis. It has been suggested by some investigators that these changes result from an increasing glomerular filtration rate (GFR), but others have been unable to demonstrate an increased GFR. The tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism is an important regulator of GFR, and the sensitivity of TGF is decreased during ANP administration. Furthermore, resetting of TGF is, in most instances, related to changes in renal interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures. It is also known that ANP may increase capillary permeability which may change renal interstitial pressure. The present study was performed to examine renal interstitial pressures and the TGF mechanism during ANP infusion. In accordance with previous studies, TGF sensitivity was found to be decreased. The tubular flow rate which elicited half the maximal drop in stop-flow pressure (Psf) was increased from 18.5 to 25.7 nl min-1. In contrast, ANP infusion resulted in a decreased interstitial hydrostatic pressure and an increased interstitial oncotic pressure. From previous experiments, such changes in interstitial pressures would be expected to increase TGF sensitivity. The changes in interstitial pressure cannot, therefore, directly explain the resetting of the feedback mechanism. In conclusion, the present paper shows a decreased renal net interstial pressure after intravenous administration of ANP. 相似文献
5.
Renal nerves play an important role in the setting of the sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) mechanism. We recently reported a time-dependent resetting of TGF to a lower sensitivity 3–4 h after acute unilateral renal denervation (aDNX). This effect persisted after 1 week, but was then less pronounced. To determine whether normal TGF sensitivity could be restored in aDNX kidneys by low-frequency renal nerve stimulation (RNS), the following experiments were performed. Rats with aDNX were prepared for micropuncture. In one experimental group proximal tubular free flow (Pt) and stop flow pressures (Psf) were measured during RNS at frequencies of 2, 4 and 6 Hz. In another series of experiments the TGF sensitivity was evaluated from the Psf responses at different loop perfusion rates after 20 min of RNS at a frequency of 2 Hz. The maximal drop in Psf (ΔPsf) and the tubular flow rate at which half the maximal response in ΔPsf was observed (turning point, TP), were recorded. At RNS frequencies of 2, 4 and 6 Hz, Pt decreased from the control level of 14.1 ± 0.8–13.1 ± 1.0, 12.4 ± 1.1 and 11.2 ± 0.8 mmHg (decrease 21%, P < 0.05), respectively, while at zero perfusion and during RNS at 2 and 4 Hz Psf decreased from 42.5 ± 1.6 to 38.2 ± 1.4 and 32.8 ± 4.3 mmHg (decrease 23%, P < 0.05), respectively. The TGF characteristics were found to be reset from the normal sensitivity with TP of 19.0 ± 1.1 nL min–1 and ΔPsf of 8.7 ± 0.9 mmHg to TP of 28.3 ± 2.4 nL min–1 (increase 49%, P < 0.05) and ΔPsf of 5.8 ± 1.2 mmHg (decrease 33%) after aDNX. After 20 min of RNS at 2 Hz TP was normalized and ΔPsf was 33% higher. Thus the present findings indicate that the resetting of the TGF sensitivity that occurred 2–3 h after aDNX could be partially restored by 20 min of RNS at a frequency of 2 Hz. These results imply that renal nerves have an important impact on the setting of the sensitivity of the TGF mechanism. 相似文献
6.
M. E. ROTTENBERG L. SPORRONG I. PERSSON H. WIGZELL A. ÖRN 《Scandinavian journal of immunology》1995,41(2):164-170
The expression of lymphokine genes during infection of virulent (Tulahuén) or mild ( CA-I ) strains of T. cruzi was studied in mice lacking CD4 and/or CD8 molecules. The increased susceptibility of CD4− and CD4− CD8− mice to infection with CA-I or Tuiahuen was parallelled by diminished IFN-γ mRNA levels. Nitric oxide release and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA accumulation by cells from Tulahuen infected CD4− mice was also diminished. CD8− (but not CD4− CD8− mice) showed an increased IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA accumulation upon infection with both strains of T. cruzi. A Th 2-like' response (higher IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA to IFN-γ mRNA ratio), was also observed when cells from non-infected CD8 - mice were stimulated with T cell mitogens. 相似文献
7.
I. ENGSTRÖM K. FÄLLSTRÖM E. KARLBERG G. STEN J. BJURE 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1991,80(11):1058-1065
ABSTRACT. Ten boys 9–12 years of age with severe perennial asthma participated in a physical exercise programme lasting 8 months. Pulmonary function and psychological tests were performed before training, immediately after, and one year after the end of the exercise programme. Static lung volumes, flow-volume variables and histamine tolerance were used as indicators of pulmonary function. Ego structure, body image, social development and concentration capacity were used as indicators of personality development. Before the study, the group had high FRC ( p < 0.05) and RV ( p < 0.001), low FEV1 , MEF50 and MEF25 (all p < 0.001) and low histamine tolerance. They showed marked disturbances in their personality development with low scores in psychological variables. During the training period, MEF50 and MEF25 increased slightly ( p < 0.01). Marked improvement was observed in all psychological variables ( p < 0.001). The positive effects remained during the following year. The marked and lasting improvement in personality development was regarded as an essential factor behind the more modest positive clinical and pulmonary function changes. The results emphasize the importance of including exercise programmes in the treatment of children with asthma. 相似文献
8.
GUNILLA MALM MARIANNE FORSGREN MILDRED el AZAZI ERS PERSSON 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1991,80(2):226-234
Forty-five children with neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, representing all known cases in the diagnostic records of four virological laboratories within a 15-year period, were followed up. Twelve children had died. Sixteen of the 33 survivors were healthy. Thirteen children had severe disabilities: all of them showed severe mental retardation; moreover, 11 were tetraplegic, one was hemiplegic with hydrocephalus and one had a pronounced behavioural abnormality. Four children had slight to moderate disabilities: one child was mildly mentally retarded and three, although mentally normal, had hemiplegia and delayed speech development, one of them having a learning disorder as well. Of these 17 neurologically impaired children 16 had ophthalmological abnormalities. EEG recordings were made in 29 patients in the neonatal period. They were markedly abnormal in 24 patients, 14 of whom had localized periodic complexes. An abnormal EEG was a bad prognostic sign. The neurological outcome was better in the HSV-l-infected children (10 cases) than in the HSV-2-infected ones (35 cases). Progressive or recurrent encephalitis was strongly suspected in two preterm children. 相似文献
9.
Plasma Valine and Urinary C-Peptide in Breast-fed and Artificially Fed Infants up to 6 Months of Age
B. E. GINSBURG B. S. LINDBLAD A. LUNDSJÖ B. PERSSON R. ZETTERSTRÖM 《Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)》1984,73(2):213-217
ABSTRACT. Plasma branched-chain amino acids and urinary C-peptide-creatinine excretion was determined at 3, 41/2 and 6 months of age in a group of 50 infants who were either breast-fed or artificially fed and selected at random. The average concentrations of valine in plasma and C-peptide in urine as well as the ratio between C-peptide and creatinine in urine were 2–3 times higher ( p < 0.01) in artificially fed as compared to breast-fed infants at all the ages studied. Plasma valine values correlated significantly with the urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio ( r = 0.76, p < 0.01), which suggests that the enhanced insulin response induced by the artificial formula is related to its protein content. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT. The study of cerebral circulation in ill pre-term infants is important both to improve our understanding of the physiological aspects of cerebral blood flow control, and to provide further insight into the aetiology of intracranial intra-ventricular haemorrhage. Progress in this field has been hampered by the absence of measurement techniques which must be safe and clinically applicable whilst at the same time providing results with sufficient quality for the confident development of hypotheses.
The symposium was held in order to evaluate critically the measurement techniques which might be considered for use in the sick, human newborn infant. 相似文献
The symposium was held in order to evaluate critically the measurement techniques which might be considered for use in the sick, human newborn infant. 相似文献