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The meaning of spirituality: a literature review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jane Dyson MEd BA RGN DipN RNT Mark Cobb BSc Dawn Forman MBA PGDip TDCR MDCR 《Journal of advanced nursing》1997,26(6):1183-1188
This paper presents a literature review in relation to the meaning of spirituality. It is proposed that meeting the spiritual needs of patients is a fundamental part of providing holistic nursing care, but that the assessment and meeting of those needs is impeded by inadequate definitions and conceptual frameworks. It should not be assumed that spirituality is either synonymous, or coterminous, with religion, and it is suggested that to adopt this restrictive view is unhelpful in the provision of individualized care. Reflection on the literature reveals that the self, others and 'God' provide the key elements within a definition of spirituality, and that other emerging themes namely meaning, hope, relatedness/connectedness, beliefs/belief systems and expressions of spirituality, can be articulated in the context of those three key elements. In particular, it is proposed that the nature of 'God' may take many forms and, essentially, is whatever an individual takes to be of highest value in his/her life. It is suggested that the themes emerging from the literature can be utilized as a framework to give practitioners and researchers a direction for future exploration of the concept of spirituality. 相似文献
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Experience and needs of family members of patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
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Client and clinical staff perceptions of barriers to and enablers of the uptake and delivery of behavioural interventions for urinary incontinence: qualitative evidence synthesis
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Beverley French PhD RN Lois H. Thomas BA PhD RN Joanna Harrison BA MA Jacqueline Coupe BSc MPH MBPsS Brenda Roe PhD RN RHV Joanne Booth BSc BA PhD RN Francine M. Cheater BA PhD RN Michael J. Leathley BA PhD PGDip Caroline L. Watkins BA PhD RN Jean Hay‐Smith PhD MSc DipPhysiotherapy MPNZ the ICONS Project Team the ICONS Patient Public Carer Groups 《Journal of advanced nursing》2017,73(1):21-38
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Oral Prolonged‐Release Oxycodone/Naloxone for Managing Pain and Opioid‐Induced Constipation: A Review of the Evidence
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Bart J. Morlion PhD Stefan A. Mueller‐Lissner MD Renato Vellucci PGDip Wojciech Leppert MD Benoît C. Coffin MD PhD Sara L. Dickerson MSc Tony O'Brien FRCPI 《Pain practice》2018,18(5):647-665
Background
Opioids provide effective relief from moderate‐to‐severe pain and should be prescribed as part of a multifaceted approach to pain management when other treatments have failed. Fixed‐dose oxycodone/naloxone prolonged‐release tablets (OXN PR) were designed to address the opioid class effect of opioid‐induced constipation (OIC) by combining the analgesic efficacy of oxycodone with the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, which has negligible systemic availability when administered orally. This formulation has abuse‐deterrent properties, since systemic exposure to naloxone by parenteral administration would antagonize the euphoric effects of oxycodone.Methods
A literature search was conducted to assess the evidence base for OXN PR to treat moderate‐to‐severe pain and its impact on bowel function, based on published clinical trials and observational studies.Results
Extensive data demonstrate that OXN PR provides effective analgesia and clinically relevant improvements in bowel function in patients with OIC and moderate‐to‐severe cancer‐related pain and noncancer pain types such as low back pain, neuropathic pain, and musculoskeletal pain. OXN PR has also been found to improve bowel function in patients with OIC refractory to multiple types of laxatives, and improve Parkinson's disease–related pain. No unanticipated safety concerns have been reported in elderly patients.Conclusions
Evidence from clinical trials and observational studies confirms that for selected patients OXN PR significantly improves moderate‐to‐severe chronic pain and provides relief from OIC. Treatment should be tailored to individual patients to establish the lowest effective dose. An absence of analgesic ceiling effect was seen across the clinically relevant dose range investigated (≤ 160/80 mg/day). 相似文献10.